{"title":"Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter with a distributed control system for solar applications","authors":"T. Bertin, G. Despesse, Rémy Thomas","doi":"10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901434","url":null,"abstract":"In the photovoltaic (PV) field, the solar Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) is considered to be an interesting candidate as a grid-tied converter due to its modular multilevel construction. The main advantages of this topology are the reduction of passive elements, modularity and local Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), which ensure maximum energy extraction. However, due to the complexity of multi-level system, demonstrators often operate at low frequencies (less than 5 kHz) with a low number of PV panels (between 3 and 5). This paper proposes the use of a distributed real-time hardware architecture with a complete control scheme to increase both the switching frequency (20 kHz) and the number of PV panels used (up to 20). The hardware architecture is based on a real-time communication fieldbus between local controllers, connected to each PV panel thanks to a shared insulated data bus, and a master controller. This distributed system presents the advantages of modularity and scalability. An adapted control scheme is presented to ensure the independent control of each DC (Direct Current) voltage and the output grid current. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the specified topology while achieving a 20 kHz frequency with 6 modules.","PeriodicalId":339250,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114339084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J'erome Blatter, V. Heiries, Rémy Thomas, G. Despesse
{"title":"Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Lifetime Extension of Self-Reconfigurable Batteries","authors":"J'erome Blatter, V. Heiries, Rémy Thomas, G. Despesse","doi":"10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901423","url":null,"abstract":"Self-reconfigurable batteries (SRB) are advance battery systems where semiconductor switches allow cells to be connected or bypassed dynamically. The in-line configuration even allows the direct generation of AC current without any power converter while allowing a flexible cell usage. This paper introduces a new method of SRB control with nonlinear Model Predictive Control (nMPC) with the aim to reduce battery ageing. A full battery cell model is used to perform the minimization of the SRB capacity losses. Simulation results on WLTP profile validate the proposed method with a capacity loss reduction of 12.4%.","PeriodicalId":339250,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI)","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128070621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Namanu Panayanthattaa, G. Clementi, Merieme Ouhabaz, Mario Costanza, S. Margueron, A. Bartasyte, S. Basrour, Edwige Bano, L. Montès, C. Dehollain, R. La Rosa
{"title":"A smart battery free system for wireless condition monitoring using piezoelectric energy harvester","authors":"Namanu Panayanthattaa, G. Clementi, Merieme Ouhabaz, Mario Costanza, S. Margueron, A. Bartasyte, S. Basrour, Edwige Bano, L. Montès, C. Dehollain, R. La Rosa","doi":"10.1109/SSI56489.2022.9901426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSI56489.2022.9901426","url":null,"abstract":"A machine failure is often characterized by a sudden increase in the vibration acceleration level. We propose a wireless and battery-free vibration sensor and a method for condition monitoring and predictive maintenance of vibrating objects such as machines and engines. The principal part of our system is a piezoelectric transducer that acts both as a vibration intensity sensor and in addition as an energy source for the sensor circuitry. Our system consists of a battery-free sensor attached to the monitored object that transmits vibration data to a remote Base Station (BS) wirelessly via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons. The vibration data is interpreted remotely by the BS via time-domain readout by analyzing the advertising time Tadv of the beacons received by the BS, that can monitor the vibrations and can send a standby signal to the machines in case of emergent faults.","PeriodicalId":339250,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128390181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Saeidi, K. Selvam, Felipe Tortato, M. Wiemer, H. Kuhn
{"title":"High Precision Liquid Level and Leak Detection Based on Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer","authors":"N. Saeidi, K. Selvam, Felipe Tortato, M. Wiemer, H. Kuhn","doi":"10.1109/SSI56489.2022.9901430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSI56489.2022.9901430","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on a miniaturized liquid level sensor, that is sensitive to very small changes in the liquid level, and thus can also be exploited for leak detection particularly for small-volume fluid reservoirs, where sensor size and detection precision are crucial factors. The sensing principle is based on measuring the time of flight of the ultrasound signal to and from liquid / air interface using Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer (CMUT). The sensor can be used in contact or non-contact modes, and is unaffected by fluid coating on sensor surface. The sensor was tested in contact mode for a liquid volume of ca. 725 ml, and proved to be sensitive to 0.2 mm level or 5 ml volume change. In non-contact mode, a smaller volume change was aimed where a 1 ml change was clearly distinguishable.","PeriodicalId":339250,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114907905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tom Sander, Sven Lange, U. Hilleringmann, V. Geneiss, C. Hedayat, H. Kuhn
{"title":"Detection of Defects on Irregularly Structured Surfaces using Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learning Methods","authors":"Tom Sander, Sven Lange, U. Hilleringmann, V. Geneiss, C. Hedayat, H. Kuhn","doi":"10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901433","url":null,"abstract":"In the manufacture of real wood products, defects can quickly occur during the production process. To quickly sort out these defects, a system is needed that finds damage in the irregularly structured surfaces of the product. The difficulty in this task is that each surface is visually different and no standard defects can be defined. Thus, damage detection using correlation does not work, so this paper will test different machine learning methods. To evaluate different machine learning methods, a data set is needed. For this reason, the available samples were recorded manually using a static fixed camera. Subsequently, the images were divided into sub-images, which resulted in a relatively small data set. Next, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was constructed to classify the images. However, this approach did not lead to a generalized solution, so the dataset was hashed using the a- and pHash. These hash values were then trained with a fully supervised system that will later serve as a reference model, in the semi-supervised learning procedures. To improve the supervised model and not have to label every data point, semi-supervised learning methods are used in the following. For this purpose, the CEAL method (wrapper method) is considered in the first and then the Π-Model (intrinsically semi-supervised).","PeriodicalId":339250,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114911235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akash Gupta, Ananya Srivastava, A. Bittner, A. Dehé
{"title":"Modelling and On-Chip Detector Design for a MEMS Photoacoustic System","authors":"Akash Gupta, Ananya Srivastava, A. Bittner, A. Dehé","doi":"10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901409","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we theoretically investigate the design and functioning of a novel MEMS Photoacoustic sensing (PAS) system with an on-chip piezoelectric cantilever (using Aluminum nitride (AIN)) for non-resonant detection. The system performance and frequency behavior is explained using the fast, accurate, and predictive capabilities of a developed lumped element model and its adaptability to any target gas and system dimensions. For calculation purposes, NH3 is considered as the target gas due to its ubiquitous use in the food and agriculture industry. The toxic behavior makes its leakage detection for sub-ppm concentrations more important. We also present initial simulation results for the performance of a rectangular cantilever and briefly discuss different ways for its sensitivity enhancement. System noise analysis is also presented and the various sources of origin are discussed. The noise spectral densities are approximated using the lumped model and design optimization for noise reduction is also briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":339250,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126660701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Friedrich Pauls, Sebastian Haas, S. Köpsell, M. Roitzsch, N. Asmussen, G. Fettweis
{"title":"On Trustworthy Scalable Hardware/Software Platform Design","authors":"Friedrich Pauls, Sebastian Haas, S. Köpsell, M. Roitzsch, N. Asmussen, G. Fettweis","doi":"10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901413","url":null,"abstract":"The continuously growing importance of today’s technology paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and the new 5G/6G standard open up unique features and opportunities for smart systems and communication devices. Famous examples are edge computing and network slicing. Generational technology upgrades provide unprecedented data rates and processing power. At the same time, these new platforms must address the growing security and privacy requirements of future smart systems. This poses two main challenges concerning the digital processing hardware. First, we need to provide integrated trustworthiness covering hardware, runtime, and the operating system. Whereas integrated means that the hardware must be the basis to support secure runtime and operating system needs under very strict latency constraints. Second, applications of smart systems cover a wide range of requirements where \"one- chip-fits-all\" cannot be the cost and energy effective way forward. Therefore, we need to be able to provide a scalable hardware solution to cover differing needs in terms of processing resource requirements.In this paper, we discuss our research on an integrated design of a secure and scalable hardware platform including a runtime and an operating system. The architecture is built out of composable and preferably simple components that are isolated by default. This allows for the integration of third-party hardware/software without compromising the trusted computing base. The platform approach improves system security and provides a viable basis for trustworthy communication devices.","PeriodicalId":339250,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115820875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep System For Physio-To-Sobriety Augmented Driving Risk Assessment In Next Generation Cars","authors":"F. Rundo, S. Conoci, C. Spampinato","doi":"10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ssi56489.2022.9901415","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in automotive field confirmed that the major car makers deploy significant effort on the assessment of car driving safety. In this field, the authors propose an innovative approach that combine a physio-based drowsiness assessment of the car driver with an adaptive sobriety estimation through an intelligent electronic sensing system. Specifically, a coupled physio-probe embedding Near infra-Red (NiR) LEDs with a Silicon Photo-Multiplier (SiPM) detector is proposed. The implemented physio-probes hosted in the car steering, allow to detect a back-scattered PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG) bio-signal of the driver to be used to retrieve a robust drowsiness estimation. In parallel, a further deep network will be able to learn specific embedded alcohol-dynamic features extracted from the car driver breath sampled by ad-hoc enhanced air-quality sensor. The experimental results (overall accuracy of 98 %) confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":339250,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI)","volume":"33 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116378681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design, Simulation, and Analysis of Physical Unclonable Functions with MEMS AlN Cantilevers","authors":"Saeed Abdolinezhad, A. Sikora, A. Bittner","doi":"10.1109/SSI56489.2022.9901420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSI56489.2022.9901420","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have gained significant attraction in the Internet of Things (IoT) for security applications such as cryptographic key generation and entity authentication. PUFs extract the uncontrollable production characteristics of physical devices to generate unique fingerprints for security applications. One common approach for designing PUFs is exploiting the intrinsic features of sensors and actuators such as MEMS elements, which typically exist in IoT devices. This work presents the Cantilever-PUF, a PUF based on a specific MEMS device – Aluminum Nitride (AlN) piezoelectric cantilever. We show the variations of electrical parameters of AlN cantilevers such as resonance frequency, electrical conductivity, and quality factor, as a result of uncontrollable manufacturing process variations. These variations, along with high thermal and chemical stability, and compatibility with silicon technology, makes AlN cantilever a decent candidate for PUF design. We present a cantilever design, which magnifies the effect of manufacturing process variations on electrical parameters. In order to verify our findings, the simulation results of the Monte Carlo method are provided. The results verify the eligibility of AlN cantilever to be used as a basic PUF device for security applications. We present an architecture, in which the designed Cantilever-PUF is used as a security anchor for PUF-enabled device authentication as well as communication encryption.","PeriodicalId":339250,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128375702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time Thermographic Object Tracking of the Body Temperature of a Neonate","authors":"Kianoush Rassels, Paddy J. French","doi":"10.1109/SSI56489.2022.9901432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSI56489.2022.9901432","url":null,"abstract":"Neonates can show sudden rapid body movements when they are in pain, need care, or need to be fed. They can also be very quiet and immovable or move very slowly when they are asleep or being fed. Monitoring a neonate’s body temperature for a long time provides physicians and nurses valuable information about the health condition of the baby. Thermographic technology is a remote and very safe way to measure an accurate neonate’s body temperature to monitor his/her vital signs. However, the tracking of an elastic thermographic profile of a subject with a random and erratic movement in the short- and long-term is a challenging task. The combination of the real-time thermographic detection and tracking system provides a safe and more robust non-invasive method to measure the vital signs and monitor the physiological changes of the neonates over time. However, this method can also be used for other target age groups.","PeriodicalId":339250,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Systems Integration (SSI)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125886562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}