Lagos Historical Review最新文献

{"title":"Book Review: Securing Peace: State-Building and Economic Development in Post-Conflict Countries","authors":"A. Bayo","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V15I1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V15I1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Book Title: Securing Peace: State-Building and Economic Development in Post-Conflict Countries Book Authors:  Richard Krozul-Wright and Piergiuseppe Fortunato (Eds.) Bloomsbury Academic, Published in Association with the United Nations, 2011, x+226 pp.","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117190326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The African Students Association of America and Canada, 1941 – 1945","authors":"M. Sherwood","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V14I1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V14I1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In 1943 African-American Roi Ottley noted in his 1943 book, New World AComing, that it was ‘the African  Students Association [who] are keeping the issue [of the importance of Africa to the world economy] alive  among Amer can Negroes’. (p.326) Some twenty years later, historian James Coleman in his  magisterial book, Nigeria: Background to Nationalism (1986) argued that ‘…developments outside Nigeria had important repercussions upon the growth of postwar nationalism. These centred mainly around the activities of Nigerian students abroad.’ (p.239). He then noted that the ‘twenty-eight African wartime  students in America, with one or two exceptions, became leaders in the nationalist movement of their respective countries’. (p.244) Though the work of the West African Students Union (WASU) in London has been chronicled, there is still no full write-up of the African Students Association of America and Canada  (ASA) formed in 1942 by these students. In fact, Coleman minimizes the numbers of Africans then studying in the USA during the 1930s and 1940. Who were these students? What were they studying in in  the USA, and when? Did they influence the USA or was the influence reciprocal? Is there any linkage between those early years and the increasing interest of the USA in Africa? Did their experiences in the USA influence the students’ subsequent political activism for self-government, and perhaps even for Ibo  independence? Did the students influence the newly established United Nations? This article is merely an introduction to the activities of the African Students Association. I hope opens the door for many  researchers. The article is chronological, with many references hopefully to aid full analyses of these Africans’ work while studying in the USA","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134073071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sit-Tight Syndrome and Tenure Elongation in African Politics","authors":"A. Olukoju","doi":"10.4314/lhr.v14i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/lhr.v14i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The post-independence politics of African countries has been dominated by the phenomenon of sit-tight African  heads of state and government who had acceeded to office by election or coup d’etat. This paper examines this recurring problem in post-independence African politics by examining its general and specific causation,  features and consequences. Building upon extant relevant literature, it presents “fresh empirical reflections  rather than major new theoretical constructs” on the sit-tight syndrome and tenure elongation as two strands of the subversion of the constitution and the political process. The paper concludes with suggestions for  transcending this major challenge to the political and economic development of Africa.","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114440379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Nigeria, Nationalism, and Writing History","authors":"F. Ajiola","doi":"10.4314/lhr.v14i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/lhr.v14i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115552747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Renewal and Associated Problems in Lagos, 1924 – 1990","authors":"Lanre Davies","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V14I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V14I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Lagos, Nigeria’s economic capital has undergone exponential growth over the past few decades. Its  population has more than quintupled in fifty years. The population growth has had a dramatic impact on  not just the Lagos environment but also on urban/municipal infrastructure bringing about a huge increase in unregulated development, traffic congestion, increase in traffic noise, air pollution, flooding, and  decadent infrastructure among others. Urban/municipal infrastructure which involves specifying,  designing, constructing, and maintaining several services has never had it so good in Lagos. The  coordination of these infrastructure networks and services, since they are supposed to be provided  simultaneously and managed by the same municipal authority, is key to municipal engineering. However,  the coordination and management of same have been difficult to achieve by the various governments of Lagos in the period under study up till the present. The paper argues that in order to arrest the disruption  of the past brought about by the un-coordinated policies  of Lagos governments in the period under study, twenty-first century governments of Lagos must embark on  the environmental and social renewal of Lagos. The Lagos government should adopt an urban renewal strategy that is people first, district based, and public participatory. The government has to balance the interests and  needs of all sectors of the communities without sacrificing the lawful rights of any particular group.","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"95 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120870995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piracy and Nigeria’s National Security in the Early 21st Century","authors":"Edmund Chilaka","doi":"10.4314/lhr.v14i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/lhr.v14i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Pirate attacks against ocean liners, coastal shipping and travellers along Nigeria’s inland waterways have  increased since the end of the civil war in 1970. Advancements in boating technology and navigation,  small arms availability and telecommunications have aided the sophistication of Nigerian pirates just as the calibre of culprits has grown from canoe operators and fishermen to include well connected drug   runners, oil thieves and oil-pipeline vandals. Threats to Nigeria’s national security are not only economic or socio-political but, even possibly, existential, since oil exports, which yield 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and 65% of budgetary revenues were strongly resisted by the militants in 2006, for example. The nexus between insecurity and oil production is not peculiar to Nigeria but can be explained by the “natural resource curse” thesis or the “paradox of plenty” whereby developing countries  with abundant mineral resources exhibit systemic corruption, weak government structures, armed conflict and political instability and lag behind in economic growth and living standards than countries with fewer resources. Thus, increased pirate attacks were deployed to back up agitations for resource control  and political autonomy by Niger Delta activists. Despite the Government’s antipiracy efforts and  orchestrated collaborations between the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) and the Nigerian Navy, Nigeria witnessed the “resource war” and “petro-aggression” common in other similarly afflicted countries like Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Chad, Sudan and Angola. Using key informant  interviews, information from government agencies, newspapers and magazine articles, in addition to internet research, we found that public scepticism trailed heightened antipiracy policymaking. The recommendations to build stronger law enforcement institutions and address longstanding issues of remediation to the environment and compensation for victims of oil spillage were found to be more populist, more just and futuristic than appeasement of ex-militants. In conclusion, national security and the trend of piracy in the new millennium are likely to be moderated by improvements in law enforcement presence, firepower and the impact of corporate social responsibility by IOCs and associated  stakeholders in the oil-rich delta region and the Lagos axis.","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"508 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134114261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Opposition, Elite Competition and the Interplay of Political Conflict in Zimbabwe, 1980 2000","authors":"O. B. Osadolor","doi":"10.4314/LHR.V14I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/LHR.V14I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment with liberal democracy in Zimbabwe in the first two decades of independence revolved around five major problems: first, the controversy over the prospect of a one-party state; second, the marginalization of, and problem of weak opposition parties until the year 2000; third, the combinations and compromises between competitors for power which led to the dominance of one-party politics; fourth, the strength of the state vis-a-vis that of society, as manifested in the desire of the state for  predominance, in which the society remained at the mercy of the ruling party and the state; and finally, the authoritarian political authority of Robert Mugabe as reflected in his great personal power within his party and the state This paper is an attempt to explain the origins of the problem and the nature of the struggle for power in Zimbabwe, providing an analytical account of the interplay of political conflict in the competition between the ruling elite and the  opposition from 1980 to 2000. The outbreak of civil war in Matabeleland in the first decade of independence did much to intensify the bitterness of political intolerance. From 1990-1995, the opposition agenda was  interpreted as problem of elite completion but as political crisis lingered from 1996-2000, the wind of change led to the emergence of the Movement for Democratic Change MDC) that provided the stimulus for a new social basis of opposition politics in 2000.","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122402791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historicizing mental health care services in Lagos, Nigeria, 1960-1991","authors":"O. Idaewor","doi":"10.4314/lhr.v14i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/lhr.v14i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the developmental stages of both orthodox and unorthodox mental health care services  in Lagos since 1960, acknowledging that conventional services, as against the hitherto custodial care actively began in the same year. Using aspects of the Social Development Theory, it argues that in spite of the  apparent transformations witnessed in mental health since Nigeria’s independence in 1960, the provision of actual services in this regard remained inadequate. It examines the chronological developments and how  government’s intervention, through the enactments of policies or legislations, establishment of institutions, committees, regulatory bodies and other non-governmental institutions and individuals influenced the provision of services. It concludes by demonstrating the inadequacies of government and other stakeholders in this regard and why the adoption of the Mental Health Policy in 1991 in Lagos, the then administrative capital of Nigeria, became inevitable.","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123034003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Administrative History of Ikorodu, 1894 - 1960","authors":"Faruq Idowu Boge","doi":"10.4314/lhr.v14i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/lhr.v14i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The fact that colonialism had an extensive impact on the socio-political and economic systems of African  communities remains incontrovertible. Though different African states had established diverse modes of  traditional political system prior to colonial rule, colonialism introduced the European model of public administration. For example, the British Indirect Rule system, which was premised on administration through  the African leaders and educ ted elites, modified the pre-colonial political structures of some African states. Also, colonialism restructured the pre-existing geographical composition of various African kingdoms. In the light of the foregoing historical interpretations, this study examines the administrative structure of Ikorodu during the colonial era. The paper presents a historical analysis of the administrative machinery, organisational structure, and territorial delimitations of Ikorodu during colonialism. It concludes that colonial rule was a precursor to the administrative structure and geographical demarcation of today’s Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State.","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126250575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Trafficking in Edo State (Nigeria): A Socio- Economic Study","authors":"A. Lawal","doi":"10.4314/lhr.v13i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/lhr.v13i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The essay is derived from a field study executed in 2009. Its focus is on Benin City inhabited mostly by the Bini group although other groups like the Ishan, Etsako, Akoko-Edo, and Owan are also well represented. It is generally believed that Bini girls/women dominate the sex export to Europe through human trafficking. But there is no reliable statistics to validate this assertion as most commentators engage in a blame game. However, the factors that account for human trafficking include the impact of the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) and especially the six weekoccupation of the Bendel State by “Biafran” soldiers who raped girls and women recklessly; the corrupt military regimes (1966-1979, 1984-1998); the socio-economic impact of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP)-1986-1993; early physical and sexual abuse of teenage girls; collapse of family values and family honour, owing to prevalent polygamy, polyandry, adultery and prostitution to satisfy the inordinate ambition for affluence in the society. Others are the absence of parental role models; parental pressure, peer pressure and societal pressure to “go get money regardless of how it is earned” and remit some to build houses, supermarkets and buy custom-made cars. The paper gives the details and recommends some measures for the gradual eradication of the evils of human trafficking. It emphasizes that many Christians, Muslims and shrine priests are involved in the business just as the Yoruba, Edo, Igbo, Hausa, etc. serve as agents and traffickers.","PeriodicalId":339050,"journal":{"name":"Lagos Historical Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123229323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}