Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence最新文献

The Origins of Human Stigmergic Problem Solving 人类耻感问题解决的起源

Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108981361.007

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Human Swarm Problem Solving 解决人类群体问题

Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108981361.004

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The Origins of Collaborative Problem Solving 协作解决问题的起源

Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108981361.009

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Intelligent Evaluations 智能评估

Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108981361.012

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COVID-19 as a Wicked Problem COVID-19是一个邪恶的问题

Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108981361.013

引用次数: 1

The Origins of Human Swarm Problem Solving 人类群体问题解决的起源

Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108981361.005

{"title":"The Origins of Human Swarm Problem Solving","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108981361.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108981361.005","url":null,"abstract":"In human evolution, it is likely that important transitions in group organization, both increases in group size and new types of cooperation between human groups, were motivated by attempts to solve problems more effectively. It is here suggested that it was the gradual evolution from small group cooperation to interaction in large groups that eventually made human swarm problem solving possible. But how did this process unfold in evolution? This is a hard question to answer, and this chapter will only briefly address the issue by highlighting a few of the historical milestones that are considered important antecedents. If we look back in time, most researchers agree that group hunting of large animals is an important achievement in human history. This new practice made it possible to gain access to more food. Group hunting also resembles the basic characteristics of human swarm problem solving with its emphasis on rapid problem solving, specific interactional rules, and the involvement of all group members. Although group hunting required some degree of planning and higher-order cognition, it is plausible that the first type of group hunting resembles how other animal groups hunt together. A second major milestone was the establishment of peaceful interaction between different human groups or communities. In evolution, this is a major achievement, as we know that our close relatives, the chimpanzees, do not trust strangers. It is likely that this first interaction with strangers across groups began through trade. Collective problem solving between groups made it possible to utilize informational diversity from nonkin and even strangers, and must have amplified human learning, knowledge sharing, and our opportunities to develop better solutions to problems. The third major achievement was the establishment of the first democracy in ancient Athens. Several democratic institutions were invented, such","PeriodicalId":338841,"journal":{"name":"Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127053554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Intelligent Contributions 聪明的贡献

Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108981361.011

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The Intelligent Society 智能社会

Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108981361.015

{"title":"The Intelligent Society","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108981361.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108981361.015","url":null,"abstract":"This book has shown that CI has been important throughout our history. This is not only a story about how we have been able to cooperate in increasingly larger groups, but also about how we have gradually improved our ways of solving problems together. It all began with intimate collaboration in dyads, and with time we gradually learned to solve problems with unknown others through human swarm problem solving. Our collective problem-solving abilities were further developed when we learned how to improve our tools, and it excelled when we learned how to store knowledge. The invention of writing enabled new types of knowledge sharing, and the printing press opened up the possibility of stigmergic problem solving at an unprecedented scale. The story of CI is not only about group size, but even more about our extraordinary ability to improve our ways of solving problems together. With the invention of the Internet, CI is evolving into new and even more sophisticated forms. Because of mass communication, large-scale cooperation is now possible in previously unimagined ways. One of the most successful CI projects is Wikipedia, which illustrates how content production can be coordinated at a massive scale and with a diversity that is unimaginable without an online setting (Benkler, ; Castells, ). Originally, Pierre Lévy () coined the term “collective intelligence” as a new, universally distributed “global brain” that is constantly evolving and in which all humans are part of the same environment for the first time in our history. The fundamental premise is that no one knows everything, everyone knows something, and all knowledge resides in humanity. The global brain assumes that solutions already exist; they only need to be rediscovered through search engines or other tools. Like all major social transformation, the basic feature relates to how our perception of space and","PeriodicalId":338841,"journal":{"name":"Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116055815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human Stigmergic Problem Solving 人类耻辱问题解决

Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108981361.006

{"title":"Human Stigmergic Problem Solving","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108981361.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108981361.006","url":null,"abstract":"What is stigmergy? The French entomologist Grassé coined the term “stigmergy” in the s. The term is formed from the Greek words stigma “sign” and ergon “action,” referring to individual actions that leave signs in the environment, and determine subsequent actions by others. Stigmergy usually describes how many individual agents are able to coordinate collective action only by leaving information in a shared environment (Parunak, ). The basic principle of stigmergy is extremely simple; traces left by agents in the environment provide feedback information to new agents (Theraulaz & Bonabeau, ). When one agent leaves a trace in the environment, this trace will even stimulate or motivate others to do subsequent work. The aggregated collective work serves the purpose of being externalized information that ensures that new tasks are executed in the right order. The complete solution will gradually emerge when different individuals interact with the “evolving information” in the environment at different points of time (Rezgui & Crowston, ). Stigmergy can also be explained as a feedback loop that does not require any direct communication between the individuals because all coordination is done through the traces of information left in the medium. When information remains available, it can guide new agents at any later point of time, and there is no need to be present at the same time. Nor is mutual awareness a requirement since every individual works independently of each other. The individuals do not even need to know that other agents are participating in the work. The collective actions are materialized in the environment and function like a shared external collective memory (Heylighen, , ). For example, an ant colony will record its collective activity as traces in the physical environment, and this helps","PeriodicalId":338841,"journal":{"name":"Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126564907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Intelligent Engagement 聪明的订婚

Cultural-Historical Perspectives on Collective Intelligence Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1017/9781108981361.010

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