2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)最新文献

{"title":"Design and Investigation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for the Detection of HIV Virus","authors":"S. Mahalakshmi, S. Nizar, B. Elizabeth Caroline, K. Sagadevan, K. Loga","doi":"10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009132","url":null,"abstract":"PCF is a photonic crystal-based optical fibre. For sensing HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in the human body, a photonic crystal fiber-based biosensor is proposed.The hollow core photonic crystal fibre (HCPCF) is utilised in this article to elucidate the HIV virus contaminated cells in the body. This model gives higher sensitivity in detecting contaminated HIV virus by minimising confinement loss. To analyse the output of the PCF sensor the Sample cells are inserted in the core.The hollow core with air ring enhances the sensing for biomedical analytes.Relative Sensitivity(Rs), Effective mode area (Aeff), Confinement loss (αCL) and effective mode index can be determined by using this Comsol multiphysics software. This Software is used to design the high complexity fabrication model.Pathogen impacts the defensive mechanism of the human individual.AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) can develop from HIV if it is not adequately managed). To examine the PCF sensor's operation, sample cells typically placed into the core. The hollow core with air ring optimizes the sensing of biological analytes. At Certain Wavelength the laser light passes through a core. This Software is employed in construct the high complexity fabrication.TheHIV pathogen develops the HIV/AIDS epidemic spectrum.The human immune system's CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells are frequently contaminated by that of the retrovirus designated as HIV. It suppresses CD4+ T cells both intrinsically and extrinsically. The three levels of HIV infectioncompriseof acute, chronic, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Although there is no cure for HIV, medication can help to standstill or quit the progression of the disease. Antiretroviral therapy is a type of treatment for HIV infection (ART). HIV is spurred on by a virus. Through sexual contact, illicit drug use, reusing needles,in touch with contaminated blood, or contact with infected blood, it can be spread from mother to infant, delivery, or suckling. HIV attacks CD4 T cells, is some kind of white blood cell that is essential for disease resistance. The design of the previous work is quite complicated and lacks precision. So, using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, we created a basic structure PCF-based Bio Sensor for HIV sensing. We reached a relative sensitivity of around 96.827 for wavelengthλ = 0.7m by interpreting the simulation findings. Our concept appears to be fairly basic and accuratepremised on the results we have obtained.","PeriodicalId":338691,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114892395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-light Color Image Enhancement based on Dark Channel Prior with Retinex Model","authors":"Sameena, E. Sreenivasulu","doi":"10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009364","url":null,"abstract":"Low light image enhancement plays the crucial role in night vision applications, and road monitoring systems of artificial intelligence assisted vehicles. But the conventional methods are unable to remove the darkness from source images and resulted in poor visibility performance. Thus, this article proposed an advanced low light image enhancement approach using dark channel prior (DCP). Initially, light reflection (retinex) angles are identified and red channel estimation was used to restore light direction attention. Further, DCP is used to identify the background darkness region with light illumination properties. Then, new anthropic light properties were generated by using transmission map estimation and refinement. Further, image light radiance is recovered by using this updated transmission map values, which generates darkness removed image. Finally, denoising operation is performed to get the best visual quality output image. The simulations conducted on ExDark dataset shows that the proposed method resulted in superior subjective and objective performance as compared to state of art approaches.","PeriodicalId":338691,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127111924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing of Wisconsin Breast Cancer Data using Ebola Optimization Algorithm with Mixture Kernel SVM","authors":"Sannasi Chakravarthy S R, H. Rajaguru, S. Chidambaram","doi":"10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009386","url":null,"abstract":"Being a deadly disease, breast cancer is becoming the more progressive one in providing higher mortality for females around the world. Thereby, the need for an appropriate strategy is always required for earlier breast cancer diagnosis. The physicians utilize the Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) tool for effective and tireless detection of such cancers. In this regard, the work is intended to design a CAD system for breast cancer diagnosis in a timely manner. The implementation starts with the use of Wisconsin Breast Cancer dataset. After performing preprocessing and visual analysis of the input dataset, feature selection is performed to improve the efficiency of the CAD system. This can be done by using the recently evolved Ebola Optimization Algorithm (EOA). This algorithm is based on an effective approach used in the propagation of the Ebola virus among individuals. After feature selection, the dominant features are then classified with the aid of a mixture Kernel Support Vector Machine (mK-SVM) algorithm. Additionally, the work utilized the Linear SVM, and KNN algorithms for the experimental analysis and comparison. As a result, the mK-SVM together with EOA provides maximum accuracy of 97.19% in classifying the input as either benign severity or malignant case.","PeriodicalId":338691,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126610711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber based Sensor for Sensing Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Benzene (C6H6) Gas Present in the Atmosphere","authors":"S. Nizar, K. Loga, B. Caroline, S. Mahalakshmi","doi":"10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009480","url":null,"abstract":"Photonic crystals have some unique properties if any optical fiber depends on those fundamentals it is meant to be a PCF. It is designed by using the three major elements such as core, cladding, and the PML. Here, the detection Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Benzene (C6H6) Gas present in the atmosphere is done by designing a highly sensitive Photonic Crystal Fiber based sensor. There are many ozone depleting elements in that one of the major harm is due to (N2O) gas and it even causes many health defects to living organisms such as depression, hypoxia, psychosis, damages immune system, and loss of memory. Basically, there is a presence of (C6H6) gas in the atmosphere these elements react with the chemical compounds creating smog which breaks down at some point and then the collision between rain and snow happens resulting in contamination of water and soil. It also results in harming the human beings by creating problems such as increasing heart rate, unconsciousness, level of RBC gets decreased, and damaging the bone marrow. Due to all these reasons, at the present scenario it is very much needed to sense the Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Benzene (C6H6) Gas at atmospheric level. The highly sensitive proposed model is designed by using the COMSOL Multiphysics software by obtaining an accurate and high performing output. The simulation results are calculated by using the final element method which results in the relative sensitivity of 99.384%, 99.937% and 9.56 × 10−11 dB/m, 0dB/m loss of confinement at the wavelength of λ = 1μm, 0.20μm for N2O and C6H6 Gas. According to the above results it is proved that the proposed gas sensor is very simple with high rate of performance and accuracy.","PeriodicalId":338691,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129223759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Theft and Leakage Identification in Distributed System","authors":"G. C, A. S, Sudharsan S, Veewin M, Rishi M","doi":"10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009563","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed automatic water appropriation system is utilized to convey the city water similarly to all road pipe Level sensors and flow meter is used to sense the quantity of water present inside the storage tank and measures the flow rate. Both the level and flow sensor are connected with the PLC. If the water reaches eighty percentages inside the storage tank, then motor need to be turned off automatically using relay. By mounting the flow meter at each distribution point and starting point by comparing initial net flow rate with the sum of all flow rate at each distribution point is equal or not. If not there’s some leakage in a distribution system. By using this method, we can find the water theft and with the help of solenoid valve if we sense any leakage in the system, we can close the valve by using this method not only finding leakage and theft also we can also save water and we add up the ph sensor to test ph valve whether water is drinkable or not.","PeriodicalId":338691,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129591936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvisation of Decision Tree Classification Performance in Breast Cancer Diagnosis using Elephant Herding Optimization","authors":"K. Vilohit, B. N, H. Rajaguru","doi":"10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009327","url":null,"abstract":"A recent analysis found that ductal carcinoma, another name for breast cancer, is increasingly prevalent in women any time after puberty. Their brain, bones, liver, lungs, and other organs might acquire cancer as a result of their negligence during that particular time period. Hence to diagnose the breast cancer, the Decision Tree classifier can be implemented on the gene expression data. To enhance the results provided by decision tree classifier, the Elephant Herding Optimization will be used to transform the input gene expression data in this work. Principal Component Analysis is utilized for decreasing the dimensionality of gene expression data since the dimensionality of original dataset is very huge. The experiment is carried out on the dataset downloaded from the CuMiDa website. Through experiments it is found that, transform based on Elephant Herding Optimization helps the decision tree classifier for providing improved performance.","PeriodicalId":338691,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121812643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Performance Comparison of Hashed and Authenticated Advanced Encryption Standard","authors":"Irtiqa Tariq, Mir Nazish, Suhail Ashaq, Ishfaq Sultan, M. T. Banday","doi":"10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009112","url":null,"abstract":"The present era is witnessing IoT as a promising upcoming field affecting almost all spheres of human lives. However, IoT is facing more significant challenges due to the constrained nature of the devices. The most crucial challenge that hinders its widespread applicability is security. The exponential rise in security attacks necessitates ensuring the confidentiality, integrity and authentication of transmitted data sensed by these resource-limited devices. Although the new field of lightweight cryptography is attempting to secure low-end devices, conventional AES block cypher is still preferred due to the absence of standard lightweight crypto primitive addressing all three security aspects. Moreover, various integrity and authentication attacks can still compromise the encrypted data, which justifies the need for hashing and MAC algorithms. In this paper, two hashing (MD5 and SHA-256) and one authentication (HMAC) techniques available in the standard and well-tested ARM mBed TLS library have been used with the AES block cypher to achieve multi-level security. All these primitives have been implemented in KEIL MDK IDE and on ARM Cortex-M3-based LPC1768 hardware development IoT platform. Moreover, these primitives have been analysed and compared in real-time regarding various design metrics such as execution time, memory footprint, power and energy consumption using ULINKpro and ULINKplus debug adapters. The results aid the designers in selecting proper encryption, hashing and MAC algorithms per the availability of resources with various IoT development platforms.","PeriodicalId":338691,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128212386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation and Compensation of Total Harmonic Distortion in SWIPT","authors":"Ajin R. Nair, K. S","doi":"10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009618","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) system is a feasible technology for the next-generation wireless communication system. The crucial problem encountered by the SWIPT system during practical deployment is hardware impairment. So, this article analyses the impact of total harmonic distortion in SWIPT systems. Here we consider the harmonic distortion in a realistic SWIPT HPA transmitter model that follows M-ary modulation. The SWIPT receiver employs power-splitting architecture. We analyse the harvested energy and the Signal to Noise Ratio of the received signal with and without harmonic distortion. For the maximum applied amplifier input signal power of 1dBm, harvested energy of 13dBm and SNR of 20dB is obtained.","PeriodicalId":338691,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131152634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass Gasification using Coconut Shell for Small-Scale Electricity Generation","authors":"S. P., S. S, Inthrash V","doi":"10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009137","url":null,"abstract":"The primary source of power to electrify remote regions are generated using diesel generator which has high carbon emission. In order to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and utilize agricultural waste efficiently Biomass gasifier are a ideal choice for generating power. This paper proposed and analyzed a downdraft biomass gasifier with coconut shells as fuel to generate electricity. The producer gas produced by the gasifier is used to fuel the combustion engine which is coupled to a generator. To assess the biomass gasifier’s performance and to calculate the generator efficiency additional factors, including the reactor temperature, tar content, producer gas, mass balance of the system are taken into account. The use of coconut shells as fuel to generate power decreases carbon footprint by 60%, according to the results. Thus, biomass gasifiers can provide power in isolated locations where coconut shells are abundant and not currently being used commercially.","PeriodicalId":338691,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131181167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating GeoJSON Coordinates using Image Processing to Improve Census Credibility","authors":"Amay Gada, Dishant Zaveri, Pratham Bhoir, Tushar Deshpande, Arpit Palod, Aniket Kore","doi":"10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/STCR55312.2022.10009508","url":null,"abstract":"Census is the process of gathering, analyzing, compiling, and spreading social, cultural, demographic, and economic data relating to all the people in a country. A census gives a statistically accurate view which is important to fill the gaps in the system. Enumerators are majorly responsible for the credibility of the census, and to maintain its reliability, it is important to monitor their location to confirm no random form fills. However, there is a lack of GeoJSON data for small, remote villages, districts, and talukas. This hinders the monitoring process. Hence, we devise a method to retrieve GeoJSON data from an image of the map and the border GeoJSON of the parent map in the hierarchy, using computationally efficient image processing. The proposed pipeline involves a 5 step process that includes preprocessing, extracting boundary coordinates, determining the scaling factor, inner boundary localization, and mapping. The results are computed by comparing the areas of the predicted and actual polygons of the retrieved regions whilst confirming that there is a massive overlap between the two polygons. An error rate of 4.87% is achieved (95.13% accuracy).","PeriodicalId":338691,"journal":{"name":"2022 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114330398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}