Sports & Exercise Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of High-Intensity Interval Suspension Exercise Training on Physical Performance in Dancers","authors":"Su-yun Chen","doi":"10.5297/SER.1803.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5297/SER.1803.007","url":null,"abstract":"Core stability training is often used to prevent the low back pain. However, the effect of core stability training with suspension device on improvement of physical performance is not yet studied. The purpose of this study was to examine whether high-intensity interval suspension exercise training can improve physical performance in dancers. Thirty healthy university students, whose major is dance, were voluntarily participated in this study and each participant completed five suspension exercises. Each type of exercise performed for a 30 seconds, with 30 seconds rest between exercises. Duration of each exercise was increased 10 seconds per week, two times per week for a period of 8 weeks. The results have shown that high-intensity interval suspension exercise training significantly decrease the fat mass (about 13%) and increase the physical fitness in dancers. Increased physical fitness was indicated by sit-ups, standing long jump test, balance ability, T-test agility, explosive force of acceleration, vertical jump ability, anaerobic capacity, three-minute step test and oxygen uptake efficiency slope. These results conclude that high-intensity interval suspension exercise training can be used for effective improvement of physical performance in dancers.","PeriodicalId":338279,"journal":{"name":"Sports & Exercise Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114269440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderating Effect of Social Support on Relationship between Recreation Specialization and Place Attachment","authors":"Sheng-Hshiung Tsaur","doi":"10.5297/ser.1803.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1803.001","url":null,"abstract":"Participants in outdoor recreation activities tend to be attached to the site due to the need of specialization for specific activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between recreation specialization and place attachment, and also to verify the moderating effect of social support. The research data in the form of 598 valid questionnaires were collected from cyclists in Taiwan. Partial least squares (PLS) method was used to conduct an analysis of the measurement model, the structural model, and the moderating effect. The result shows that (1) The recreation specialization of cyclists positively affects their place attachment, which is mostly contributed by the dimension of skill and knowledge. (2) From the multi-group analysis, it is clear that the social support plays a moderator role in the model, that is, the higher level of social support is the stronger influence of recreation specialization toward place attachment. This study concludes that place attachment of cyclist can be strengthened with enhancement of the specification degree of cyclists (i.e., riding skills, knowledge for bicycle, psychic commitment to cycling and riding frequency, etc.). The relationship between variables has changed, when the model take into account the social support moderating factor. In other words, leisure education not only increases the social support toward cycling, but also intensifies the impact of recreation specialization on place attachment. The results of the study could be used as a reference for the administration of outdoor recreation on management strategies.","PeriodicalId":338279,"journal":{"name":"Sports & Exercise Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128650790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viewpoint: New Thoughts on Facilitation of Muscle Strengthening","authors":"I. Hwang","doi":"10.5297/SER.1803.EDITORIAL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5297/SER.1803.EDITORIAL","url":null,"abstract":"Increase in efficacy of muscle strengthening is an important issue in the field of sport science. Musclestrengthening is credited with potentiation of muscle strength and muscle endurance, adding to motorperformance, fatigue resistance, as well as reduction in sport injuries. Muscle strength increases after trainingresult from structural changes in muscle fibers and adaptation of neural system. Traditional muscle strengtheningguided by the principles of specificity, overload, and arrangement often highlight structural changes in musclefibers and function benefits associated with training. However, little is concerned how to level up muscularcapacity through facilitation of neuronal excitability, such as alteration in efficacy of muscle strengthening withcentral modulation of cortical neuron. Research of direct control over cortical excitability are reminiscent ofanimal studies in the laboratory using the rodents and primates. It seems not easy to tune cortical excitability ofthe human, on account of ethical issues and technique barriers in the laboratory. For advancements of transcranialmagnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the recent years, changes in corticalexcitability of human in a non-harmful and painless manner become feasible. In particular, tDCS is spotlightedfor convenient application and lower price. tDCS drives low-intensity current (< 2 mA) to the cortex throughthe skull, producing acute effect and after effect on the cortex respectively (Lang et al., 2005; Nitsche et al.,2005). Acute effect is an immediate electrophysiological response of the cortical neurons. The anodal stimulationincreases the neuronal excitability of the area being stimulated, as the positive current causes a depolarization ofthe resting membrane potential of cortical neurons. On the contrary, cathodal stimulation decreases the neuronalexcitability of the area being stimulated. Interestingly, excitation of inhibition of cortical excitability withtDCS persists for an hour once the stimulation has ended. The phenomenon is called after effect, in relation toconcentration changes in neurotransmitters of the brain that effect on the NMDA and GABA receptors. Scholarsin different fields start to use the non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in many fields with several worthnotingimplications, including depression prevention (Brunoni et al., 2016; Nitsche, Boggio, Fregni, & PascualLeone,2009), pain relief (Brasil-Neto, 2016; O’Connell, Wand, Marston, Spencer, & Desouza, 2011), and motorrestoration of neurological victims (D’Agata et al., 2016; Stagg et al., 2012). Of particular note is the use of tDCSfor improving efficacy of muscle strengthening (Hendy, Teo, & Kidgell, 2015; Washabaugh, Santos, Claflin, &Krishnan, 2016). Despite some inconsistencies in parametric setting of the electrical stimulation, positive currentis always applied over the contralateral motor cortex in the training session (Langhorne, Bernhardt, & Kwakkel,201","PeriodicalId":338279,"journal":{"name":"Sports & Exercise Research","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115666008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Tripartite Efficacy Beliefs on Tennis Performance of Elective Course in University","authors":"Szu‐Yu Chen","doi":"10.5297/ser.1803.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1803.005","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of tripartite efficacy beliefs on the tennis performance based on the tripartite efficacy model proposed by Lent and Lopez (2002). Participants in this study were 196 students in elective tennis course (M = 165, F = 31, Mean age = 19.9) from a university of northern Taiwan. All participants were asked to complete the tripartite efficacy scale and sport performance scale. The study found following results: (1) There are positive correlations between performance and tripartite efficacy (self-efficacy, other-efficacy and relation-inferred self-efficacy), meanwhile all tripartite efficacy perceptions could significantly predict the performance of students. (2) The higher other-efficacy and relation-inferred self-efficacy are beneficial to develop the higher self-efficacy. (3) By path analysis, it was found that other-efficacy and relation-inferred self-efficacy was fully mediated the tennis performance via self-efficacy. This study supports Lent and Lopez tripartite efficacy model, where ＂other-efficacy and relation-inferred self-efficacy＂ plays an important cognitive mechanism in influencing the individual’s self-efficacy. This study suggests that physical education instructors should encourage students with positive interactions, by verbal and non-verbal feedback, in order to enhance tripartite efficacy beliefs and promote performance.","PeriodicalId":338279,"journal":{"name":"Sports & Exercise Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115856789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Impact of Different Host Destinations for Running the Marathon Events in Taiwan","authors":"Chao-Chin Liu","doi":"10.5297/SER.1803.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5297/SER.1803.002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the economic input and impact of the different host destinations from the spending of non-resident participants during the marathon events in Taiwan. With a combination of the previous literature on the economic impact of running events, the ＂Questionnaire on the Economic Impact of Running Events in Taiwan＂ was prepared. Participants for this study were selected from non-resident participants of three running events in Taiwan, such as the 2014 Taroko Gorge Marathon in Hualien, the 2014 Taipei International Marathon and the 2015 Kinmen Marathon. This study used purposive sampling to gather 686 valid questionnaires. An input-output multiplier table that was generated by Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan (DGBAS) was used to analyze the data. The results were as follows: First, significant differences were found in the number of days (nights) that non-resident participants staying at the host destination and their daily spend, and the number of days (nights) spent at different hosting destinations. The expenditure for Kinmen and Hualien events were significantly higher compared to the Taipei marathon. Moreover the number of days (nights) spent and expenditure for Kinmen marathon was significantly higher compared to the Hualien marathon. Second, the total output for different industrial sectors, increased local income and job opportunities driven by the expenditure of non-resident participants among three marathons were also showed significant differences. The economic impact of marathons hosted by Kinmen and Hualien were significantly higher than marathon organized by Taipei. This study concludes that there are significant differences in the economic input and impact of non-resident marathon participants in three marathon host destinations, with the outlying islands and eastern Taiwan showing a significantly stronger effect. In addition, the spending of non-resident participants for the running events was higher than the spending for general domestic tourism and individual sports. The total output for different industry sectors, increased local income and new job opportunities driven by marathon events were also higher compared to the individual sport competitions in Taiwan. This indicates that marathons help to create the value, and produce a positive impact on local economy. In particular, organizing of marathon events in the offshore island and eastern Taiwan can be used as sport tourism activities to counteract seasonality in the tourism industry.","PeriodicalId":338279,"journal":{"name":"Sports & Exercise Research","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130941107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Entrepreneurial Motivation and Entrepreneurial Intention in Physical Education Major: Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy and Social Context","authors":"Jun-Ren Wang","doi":"10.5297/ser.1803.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.1803.003","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the moderation effect of self-efficacy and social context on the relationship between entrepreneurial motivation (push and pull) and entrepreneurial intention. The participants were sampled from six physical education (PE) departments in north Taiwan (N = 330). The experimental instrument was comprised of 4 scales concerning entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial intention, self-efficacy, and social context. The questionnaires from participants were collected from September to November, 2014. The data were analyzed using hierarchical regression. The results showed that: (1) Entrepreneurial motivation (push, pull) was positively influenced the entrepreneurial intention, and pull motivation was higher than push motivation. (2) Self-efficacy weakened the relationship between entrepreneurial motivation and intention. (3) Social context strengthened the relationship between push motivation and entrepreneurial intention. We concluded that: (1) Entrepreneurial motivation was positively related to the entrepreneurial intention. For PE major' entrepreneurial intention, the influence of intrinsic entrepreneurial motivation was higher than the external entrepreneurial motivation. (2) In higher entrepreneurial motivation of PE major, having higher self-efficacy, having lower entrepreneurial intention than others. (3) For those PE major with higher entrepreneurial motivation, investing more efforts to develop social context, had higher entrepreneurial intention than others. We suggest that: (1) The entrepreneurship concept and materials should be concluded in their teaching curriculum to strengthen PE major' entrepreneurial motivation. (2) For the PE major with higher entrepreneurial motivation but having less self-efficacy, school can hire the teachers having entrepreneurial experiences and construct entrepreneurial support platform to develop and promoter PE major systematically. (3) The PE major with higher entrepreneurial intention should develop official and non-official social context simultaneously to promote higher entrepreneurial intention.","PeriodicalId":338279,"journal":{"name":"Sports & Exercise Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123005827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Anxiety on Perception and Performance of Basketball Free Throw","authors":"Chun-Heng Yang","doi":"10.5297/SER.1803.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5297/SER.1803.004","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of present study was to examine the effects of anxiety on the perception and performance of basketball free throw. Eighteen UBA Public-I level male basketball players were participated in this study. Players had been trained in basketball team for 7.6 ± 2.3 years, and aged 20.4 ± 1.2 years old. All participants shot 30 free throws under two conditions. In the no anxiety intervention (NAI) condition, each participant turned his back to the basket, and reported his heart rate, the anxiety score and the perceived minimal shoot-able hoop to an experimenter, and then performed a shot. In the anxiety intervention (AI) condition, an additional design was added, the missed shots were accumulated and participants were required to perform a set of aerobic training in the same minutes, and allowances were deducted according to the number of their missed shots. The results showed that there was a significant difference between two conditions on anxiety score and perceived minimal shoot-able hoop, but no difference between conditions in free throw score. Kendall's tau-b correlation test showed that in NAI condition, there was a negative correlation between anxiety score and free throw score, whereas in AI condition, there was a positive correlation between anxiety score and perceived minimal shoot-able hoop. This study concludes that the anxiety intervention elevated the state anxiety of the players and degraded their perceived ability, but did not affect their performance in free throw. When there was no anxiety intervention, the higher the level of anxiety the poorer the performance of their free throw. When there was anxiety intervention, the higher the level of anxiety the lower the ability of their perceived free throw.","PeriodicalId":338279,"journal":{"name":"Sports & Exercise Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132509874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Dynamic Activity after Static Stretching on Jump Ability and Sprint Performance of College Students","authors":"Li-Chen Ko","doi":"10.5297/SER.1802.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5297/SER.1802.002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dynamic activity after static stretching on jump ability and sprint performance of college students. Twenty-four university students, major in physical education (age: 22.0 ± 1.7 yr, height: 172.7 ± 4.9 cm, bodyweight: 66.9 ± 7.0 kg) were participated in this study. Students were randomly assigned into three groups with counterbalanced measures design. All students in each group completed three training conditions, including dynamic activity after static stretching, static stretching only and control treatment with 72 hours washout period between each training condition. The measurements of thirty meter sprint and vertical jump were performed in this study. The results showed that no significant difference was found in 30-m sprint among all training conditions. However, significant improvement in vertical jump was found after dynamic activity. In addition, the performance in vertical jump in the last measurement was significantly lower than the first and second measurement in static stretching training condition. We conclude that jump ability can be enhanced with the intervention of dynamic activity after static stretching. The results of this study suggest that there is no negative effect of static stretching on sprint performance and vertical jump ability of students immediately after stretching. However, it seems to be a delayed negative effect on vertical jump, and vertical jump ability could be enhanced by dynamic activity after static stretching.","PeriodicalId":338279,"journal":{"name":"Sports & Exercise Research","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127340802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective of Medical Care Providers on Elite Athletes’ Pre- Participation Examination and Periodic Health Evaluation","authors":"V. Wang, F. Mayer, P. Wippert","doi":"10.5297/SER.1802.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5297/SER.1802.006","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) published a consensus statement on elite athletes’ Preparticipation Examination (PPE) and Periodic Health Evaluation (PHE). However, these criteria have not been standardized. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine whether significant differences exist in the PPE & PHE scales between German and Taiwanese medical care providers (MCPs); (2) to determine whether any significant differences exist among MCP cohorts’ usages of or attitudes towards psychosocial factors during an athlete’s injury and rehabilitation-related treatment and (3) to investigate the correlations between the scales employed. Among eighty-six MCPs, 52 from Taiwan (21 female, 31 male, age = 36.9 ± 10.3 yrs) and 34 from Germany (20 female, 14 male, age = 36.3 ± 8.2 yrs) were participated. The inclusion criteria is that participant status should be a current or retired MCP for national team athletes of Olympic sports. Four parts were derived from the 1st hypothesis. Part 1: Significant differences was noticed between German and Taiwanese cohorts’ PPE & PHE scales, Importance and Psychosocial Factor Scale results. Part 2: Significant differences on scores for the PPE & PHE Giving Scale and its 3 subscales were found between MCPs’ positions. Part 3: Medical education/ training showed no influencing effect on the outcome of 3 PPE & PHE-related scales. Part 4: German cohorts participated in regional international championships over twice as often as their Taiwanese counterparts. The results of the 2nd hypothesis showed that the Psychosocial Factor Scale portrayed significant differences in MCPs’ nationalities, but this was not related to their experience levels, medical education/training or medical care position. The results of the 3rd hypothesis showed that the Psychosocial Factor Scale was significantly correlated with the PPE & PHE Importance Scale. This study concludes that medical education/training background is not a determining factor in the promotion of PPE & PHE-related core values. German cohorts’ professional positions specifically reflected the IOC consensus statement-based PPE & PHE job assignments. Sports medicine doctors are mainly responsible. Overall, the national medical care environment could be a factor to influence cognitive outcomes of PPE & PHE and psychosocial related establishments. Life experience (age) seems to be more important than the degree of competition participation experience.","PeriodicalId":338279,"journal":{"name":"Sports & Exercise Research","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134499612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Balance and Biomechanics of Lower Extremity during Gait among the Elderly","authors":"Po-Chieh Chen","doi":"10.5297/SER.1802.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5297/SER.1802.003","url":null,"abstract":"Aging degrades muscle strength, postural balance and walking stability. Tai Chi exercise has been demonstrated to improve muscle strength and postural stability, but the effects on gait among elderly are still unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Tai Chi exercise on balance control and lower extremity biomechanics during gait of the elderly. A motion capture system and two force plates were used to collect the kinematic patterns and ground reaction forces of 15 Tai Chi elderly (TCG) and 15 leisure exercise elderly (CG) participants during walking. Joint angle, joint range of motion, displacement of center of pressure, joint moment and power were calculated by using kinematic and inverse dynamic approach. Results of this study showed that the elders in TCG walked faster and had longer step length than the elders in CG. The maximum flexion angle in the hip and knee were greater in TCG than the CG during the stance phase. The displacement and area of center of pressure were smaller among elderly in TCG than those of the CG. The TCG had greater knee extension moment and hip power during the braking phase, as well as greater knee power and range of motion during the propulsive phase compared to CG. This study concluded that Tai Chi exercise could improve stability and walking speed of the elderly due to superior energy generation in the hip and knee.","PeriodicalId":338279,"journal":{"name":"Sports & Exercise Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132799919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}