IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic)最新文献_第2页

The USPTO Historical Patent Data Files Two Centuries of Innovation USPTO历史专利数据文件两个世纪的创新

IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2849514

Alan C. Marco, M. Carley, S. Jackson, Amanda F. Myers

{"title":"The USPTO Historical Patent Data Files Two Centuries of Innovation","authors":"Alan C. Marco, M. Carley, S. Jackson, Amanda F. Myers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2849514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2849514","url":null,"abstract":"Patent classification systems are largely designed for administrative purposes, limiting their value for most research purposes. To address this deficiency, Hall, Jaffe, and Trajtenberg (2001) developed a higher-level classification for the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Patent Citation Data File by aggregating U.S. Patent Classification (USPC) classes into six economically relevant technology categories (and 37 sub-categories) and classified granted patents accordingly. While this classification scheme has proved useful for researchers investigating US patent grants, comparable information on pending or abandoned patent applications has been unavailable for several reasons. We apply the NBER sub-categories to published and publicly-available unpublished patent applications as well as in-force and expired patents to create the <i>USPTO Historical Patent Data Files</i>, four research datasets containing time series and micro-level data by NBER sub-category. These new datasets comprise annual information on patent applications, patent grants, and patents-in-force dating back to 1840. Additionally, we provide information on the monthly stocks and flows of utility patent applications and grants from 1981 to 2014. Our hope is that researchers will make use of the data files for primary analysis or as controls for other projects. These data, for the first time, provide for detailed study of patent application disposal and the complex dynamics between new filings, pendency, and abandonment. Historical data enable researchers to put into context recent trends in patenting activity, litigation, and technological change.","PeriodicalId":337989,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic)","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133797498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationship between Patenting Motives and Pendency Durations 专利动机与未决时间的关系

IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2013-10-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2406536

F. Jell, J. Henkel, Karin Hoisl

{"title":"The Relationship between Patenting Motives and Pendency Durations","authors":"F. Jell, J. Henkel, Karin Hoisl","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2406536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2406536","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most neglected aspects of strategic patenting behavior is the timing of the pre-examination phase. While an expeditious grant is often desirable, applicants may also benefit from a prolonged period of pre-examination pendency to create uncertainty or to otherwise improve their position in the competition. We build on work on strategic patenting behavior, and analyze whether the different strategic motives of applicants to file patent applications determine the duration of patent pendency. To do so, we exploit a distinctive feature of the German patent system, i.e. deferred examination. We base our analysis on original survey data on 186 German inventions. These data are matched with comprehensive register information on patents filed at the GPTO, which provides unique information to explore our topic. We find that motives related to gaining time to make decisions, increase pendency periods. Motives that require legal certainty affect pendency timing negatively. Our data also provide initial evidence that motives which rely on a broad scope of patent protection tend to delay lapse decisions. Our study has implications for managers, policy makers, and scholars.","PeriodicalId":337989,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134456346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Software Legal Protection: Shaping the EU Software Patent 软件法律保护:塑造欧盟软件专利

IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2525015

Mihai Avram

引用次数: 0

Court-Appointed Neutral Economic Experts 法院任命的中立经济专家

IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3176682

J. Sidak

引用次数: 17

An Economic Interpretation of FRAND FRAND的经济学解释

IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2013-04-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2256007

D. Carlton, Allan L. Shampine

引用次数: 38

The Unitary Patent Package: Twelve Reasons for Concern 单一专利包:关注的十二个理由

IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2012-10-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2169254

Reto M. Hilty, T. Jaeger, M. Lamping, Hanns Ullrich

引用次数: 32

How to License a Technology Standard? 如何授权技术标准?

IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2012-01-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1986985

Chun-Hui Miao

引用次数: 1

Access to Intellectual Property for Innovation: Evidence on Problems and Coping Strategies from German Firms 创新的知识产权获取:来自德国企业的问题证据与应对策略

IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2010-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1718408

Elisabeth Müller, I. Cockburn, Megan J. MacGarvie

引用次数: 23

Promoting Progress: Incentivizing Technology Risk-Taking and Investment with Limited Exclusive Patent Rights 促进进步:有限专利专有权激励技术冒险与投资

IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2010-06-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1623988

Neal E. Solomon

{"title":"Promoting Progress: Incentivizing Technology Risk-Taking and Investment with Limited Exclusive Patent Rights","authors":"Neal E. Solomon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1623988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1623988","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical economic evidence shows that a strong patent system provides incentives for investing in technology and encourages competition that tends to promote progress in the long run.Critics of patents look to short run exclusive rights that suggest an “anticommons” that blocks competition, but these arguments are limited. Patent critics ignore the ex ante risks and costs of scientific discovery and technological invention. The article examines the microeconomic arguments for investment in technology and examines the costs and risks of technology investment. The article applies real options analysis (ROA) to modeling of risk scenarios. The article also examines transaction costs to determine that costs are a significant factor in technology investment justifications. The increased risks increase the costs of capital. With increased uncertainty of the patent grant, the costs of capital increase beyond an optimal rate of investment, with high risk inventions at the periphery not sustainable.The article argues for strong patent rights that protect ex ante investment in risky technologies, maximizes competition between multiple technologies and promotes progress in the long run.","PeriodicalId":337989,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116844254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Risk of Patent Infringement by Means of Semantic Patent Analysis: The Case of DNA Chips 基于语义专利分析的专利侵权风险评估——以DNA芯片为例

IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2008-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00533.x

Isumo Bergmann, D. Butzke, Lothar Walter, J. P. Fuerste, M. Moehrle, V. Erdmann

{"title":"Evaluating the Risk of Patent Infringement by Means of Semantic Patent Analysis: The Case of DNA Chips","authors":"Isumo Bergmann, D. Butzke, Lothar Walter, J. P. Fuerste, M. Moehrle, V. Erdmann","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00533.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2008.00533.x","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we are going to present a method for detecting the risks of patent infringement by evaluating similarities between patent documents on the basis of semantic patent analysis. This approach enables the user to visualize similarities in the contents on a semantic patent map by means of multi-dimensional scaling. The effectiveness of the semantic patent map has already been demonstrated by Dressler (2006) with regard to patents of seal technology, in which documents are commonly kept short and the extracted contents are concise. This paper will open out to the field of biotechnology, where patents can easily comprise several hundreds of pages. The method presented here conveys an interdisciplinary approach and combines computer-aided natural language processing with domain-specific expertise of biochemical processes. This is illustrated by an authentic case of infringement involving two manufacturers of DNA chips. Our experiment will show how the infringement case is visualized on a patent map based on semantic patent analysis. This experiment can be compared with the search for a needle in a haystack, the two competitive patents representing significantly conflicting needles. From an approximate number of 4,000 patents in the current US Class 435/6, a set of patents was selected that included the needles mentioned. This paper will point out how such mutual interference can be detected by way of semantic patent analysis, and what advice may be given to R&D managers who are faced with the risk of patent infringement.","PeriodicalId":337989,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: Innovation & Patent Law & Policy (Sub-Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117121736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 96