Virus Adaptation and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Viruses of foodborne origin: a review","authors":"E. Todd, Judy D Grieg","doi":"10.2147/VAAT.S50108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VAAT.S50108","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Virus Adaptation and Treatment 2015:7 25–45 Virus Adaptation and Treatment Dovepress","PeriodicalId":337688,"journal":{"name":"Virus Adaptation and Treatment","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127752086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of recombinant capsid proteins in the development of a vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV).","authors":"G. Belsham, A. Bøtner","doi":"10.2147/VAAT.S55351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VAAT.S55351","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Virus Adaptation and Treatment 2015:7 11–23 Virus Adaptation and Treatment Dovepress","PeriodicalId":337688,"journal":{"name":"Virus Adaptation and Treatment","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123661070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collection and measurement of aerosols of viable influenza virus in liquid media in an Andersen cascade impactor","authors":"K. Fennelly, M. D. Tribby, Chang-Yu Wu, G. L. Heil, L. Radonovich, J. Loeb, J. Lednicky","doi":"10.2147/VAAT.S74789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VAAT.S74789","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Virus Adaptation and Treatment 2015:7 1–9 Virus Adaptation and Treatment Dovepress","PeriodicalId":337688,"journal":{"name":"Virus Adaptation and Treatment","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130912531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial response of cervical dystonia spasmodic torticollis to cidofovir, an acyclic phosphonate analog (s-1-3-hydroxy-2- phosphonylmethoxypropyl) of cytosine","authors":"A. Lerner, S. Beqaj","doi":"10.2147/VAAT.S65372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VAAT.S65372","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Virus Adaptation and Treatment 2014:6 33–36 Virus Adaptation and Treatment Dovepress","PeriodicalId":337688,"journal":{"name":"Virus Adaptation and Treatment","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130923139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous delivery is a barrier to the translational advancement of oncolytic virotherapy for treating solid tumors","authors":"A. Miller, S. Russell","doi":"10.2147/VAAT.S50110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VAAT.S50110","url":null,"abstract":": Oncolytic viruses are a promising experimental anticancer therapy currently undergoing clinical translation. The development of oncolytic virotherapy offers a potential solution to the elusive “one-shot” cancer cure by providing targeted therapy to selectively infect and kill cancer cells while provoking adaptive anticancer immune responses as protection against distant metastasis and recurrent tumor challenge. While this technology has overcome barriers to safety and efficacy through cancer-specific targeting techniques, in order to reach full therapeutic potential, oncolytic therapies must still overcome barriers to intratumoral delivery and spread that result in heterogeneous intratumoral delivery and nonuniform response. This review will discuss barriers to oncolytic virotherapy translation related to mechanisms of delivering virus via tumor vasculature and distributing virus throughout the tumor microenvironment. Barriers include extravasation into the tumor that is dependent on adequate blood flow, tissue perfusion, and tumoral enhanced permeability and retention for transvascular transport. Subsequently, virions must undergo interstitial transport against dense stromal barriers and high interstitial fluid pressure to initiate infection. In order to achieve massive tumor regression, infection must spread to cover large volumes of tumor mass. Furthermore, virus bioavailability is quickly dampened upon systemic administration due to neutralization and sequestration. These barriers to delivery limit the amount of virus that effectively reaches and spreads within the tumor, forcing dose increases that impinge upon limits of production and increase possibility of adverse events. Techniques to overcome these barriers are discussed but largely remain to be translated into clinical use.","PeriodicalId":337688,"journal":{"name":"Virus Adaptation and Treatment","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116625127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivation of latent viruses after treatment with biological therapies","authors":"A. Asthana, J. Lubel","doi":"10.2147/VAAT.S64290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VAAT.S64290","url":null,"abstract":"License. The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. Permissions beyond the scope of the License are administered by Dove Medical Press Limited. Information on how to request permission may be found at: http://www.dovepress.com/permissions.php Virus Adaptation and Treatment 2014:6 1–10 Virus Adaptation and Treatment Dovepress","PeriodicalId":337688,"journal":{"name":"Virus Adaptation and Treatment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129925754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schmallenberg virus : continuing a trend?","authors":"R. Noad, J. Brownlie","doi":"10.2147/VAAT.S33002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VAAT.S33002","url":null,"abstract":"Correspondence: Rob Noad Centre for Emerging Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield AL9 7TA United Kingdom Tel +44 017 076 670 62 Fax +44 017 076 670 51 Email rnoad@rvc.ac.uk Abstract: Since its first isolation in Germany in 2011 the Schmallenberg strain of the Sathuperi virus has been detected across northern Europe. The virus is associated with neurological disease, abortion, and congenital deformities in ruminants, particularly among sheep and cattle. The rapid dissemination of the pathogen is reminiscent of the transmission of another midge-borne arbovirus, Bluetongue virus, which also spread to Europe on several separate occasions between 1998 and 2007. In this review we detail the characteristic features of the Schmallenberg virus and consider whether the virus highlights a European vulnerability for other midge-transmitted pathogens.","PeriodicalId":337688,"journal":{"name":"Virus Adaptation and Treatment","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131535591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue viruses exhibit strain-specific infectivity and entry requirements in vitro","authors":"K. Barr, B. Anderson","doi":"10.2147/VAAT.S38143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VAAT.S38143","url":null,"abstract":"Correspondence: Kelli L Barr 2055 Mowry Road, Box 100009, Gainesville, FL, USA Tel +1 352 294 5317 Fax +1 352 273 9420 Email ateraxes@hotmail.com Background: Globally, dengue viruses (DENV) are the most common human arboviral infection and the most important public health threat from mosquito-borne viral pathogens. Recent work has indicated that DENV affinity for cell lines is serotype-specific, which raises challenging questions regarding DENV-host interactions as well as the development of therapeutics and control programs. Methods: We evaluated the infectious capacity of 11 strains of DENV for serotypes 1–4 in 17 distinct cell lines. The cell lines were evaluated for virus susceptibility via immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Both methods demonstrated the ability of DENV to replicate in all cell lines, with viral titers ranging from 1 × 10 to 1 × 10 infectious units per mL. Cell line susceptibility to DENV infection was strain-specific, with DENV-4 strains infecting more cell lines than the other serotypes. DENV-2 New Guinea C and DENV-4 H241 were detected in more cell lines than any other strains. Viral fusion assays indicated that DENV requirements for fusion are strain-specific. Conclusion: These data indicate that several cell lines can be used to culture and study DENV. The strain-specific susceptibility for certain cell lines may provide a tool for characterizing specific DENV strains and an in vitro platform for the development and optimization of therapeutics, the study of host-pathogen interactions, and ecological studies on the cocirculation of DENV strains in a specific region or individual.","PeriodicalId":337688,"journal":{"name":"Virus Adaptation and Treatment","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133246694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hepatitis C virus on the central nervous system of HIV-infected individuals","authors":"M. Gess, D. Forton","doi":"10.2147/VAAT.S17830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VAAT.S17830","url":null,"abstract":"Correspondence: Daniel Forton Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George’s University of London, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom Tel +44 208 725 3520 Fax +44 208 725 3032 Email dforton@sgul.ac.uk Abstract: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a spectrum of neuropsychiatric manifestations ranging from asymptomatic cognitive impairment, detectable only by sensitive neurocognitive tests, to overt HIV-associated dementia. Highly active antiretroviral therapy has led to significant reductions in the incidence of severe HIVassociated dementia. However, the overall prevalence of milder HIV-associated cognitive disorders appears to be increasing as HIV-infected subjects live longer in the era of combined antiretroviral treatments. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is also associated with neuropsychological symptoms and impaired cognitive performance in some patients, and recent evidence suggests that these central nervous system (CNS) symptoms may be caused by HCV entry into the brain via endothelial infection. Similarly to the neuropathological processes in HIV infection, microglial activation in HCV infected subjects may underlie the CNS metabolic abnormalities and impaired cognitive performance that have been described in studies of HCVinfected cohorts. A significant proportion of HIV-infected subjects are coinfected with HCV, but the impact and clinical importance of coinfection on cognitive function has only been addressed in a small number of research studies. There is some evidence that coinfection may adversely affect neurocognitive function; however, studies published thus far are limited by a number of confounding factors and small sample sizes. This article aims to review the current evidence examining neurocognitive function in HIVand HCV-monoinfection and further critically discusses previous studies that have explored the impact of coinfection with HCV on CNS function of HIV-infected cohorts. It is clear that, as the population of HIV-infected individuals ages and neurocognitive disorders persist in the post-combination antiretroviral treatment era, a better understanding of the neuropathological processes and improved characterization of deficits is required to allow development of better treatments. At the advent of interferon-free, directly acting antiviral therapies against HCV, this is increasingly important. The impact of CNS infection by these viruses remains poorly understood, both in terms of neurocognitive symptoms and as a potential mechanism for HCV virological relapse after treatment.","PeriodicalId":337688,"journal":{"name":"Virus Adaptation and Treatment","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131315123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abortive lytic Epstein–Barr virus replication in tonsil-B lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis and a subset of the chronic fatigue syndrome","authors":"A. Lerner, S. Beqaj","doi":"10.2147/VAAT.S36540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/VAAT.S36540","url":null,"abstract":"Correspondence: A Martin Lerner 32804 Pierce Road, Beverly Hills, MI, 48025, USA Tel +1 248 540 9866 Fax +1 248 540 0139 Email amartinlerner@yahoo.com Abstract: A systematic 2001–2007 review of 142 chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients identified 106 CFS patients with elevated serum IgG antibodies to the herpesviruses Epstein– Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, or human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 in single or multiple infections, with no other co-infections detected. We named these 106 patients group-A CFS. Eighty-six of these 106 group-A CFS patients (81%) had elevated EBV early antibody, early antigen (diffuse), serum titers. A small group of six patients in the group-A EBV subset of CFS, additionally, had repetitive elevated-serum titers of antibody to the early lytic replicationencoded proteins, EBV dUTPase, and EBV DNA polymerase. The presence of these serum antibodies to EBV dUTPase and EBV DNA polymerase indicated EBV abortive lytic replication in these 6 CFS patients. None of 20 random control people (ageand sex-matched, with blood drawn at a commercial laboratory) had elevated serum titers of antibody to EBV dUTPase or EBV DNA polymerase (P , 0.01). This finding needs verification in a larger group of EBV CFS subset patients, but if corroborated, it may represent a molecular marker for diagnosing the EBV subset of CFS. We review evidence that EBV abortive lytic replication with unassembled viral proteins in the blood may be the same in infectious mononucleosis (IM) and a subset of CFS. EBV-abortive lytic replication in tonsil plasma cells is dominant in IM. No complete lytic virion is in the blood of IM or CFS patients. Complications of CFS and IM include cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy. Circulating abortive lytic-encoded EBV proteins (eg, EBV dUTPase, EBV DNA polymerase, and others) may be common to IM and CFS. The intensity and duration of the circulating EBV-encoded proteins might differentiate the IM and EBV subsets of CFS. Abortive lytic replication may be a pathogenic mechanism for EBV disease. EBV (HHV4) is a gamma herpesvirus composed of dsDNA about 170 Kb in length. For this discussion, there are early genes (including expressions of encoded proteins EBV dUTPase, DNA polymerase, and nuclear proteins) and late genes (including expressions of capsid and membrane proteins). Abortive infection infers incomplete virion expressions of either early or late proteins, but the virion is incomplete. The lytic virus infers a complete virion. The pathologic consequences of EBV abortive replication are currently being investigated by authors.","PeriodicalId":337688,"journal":{"name":"Virus Adaptation and Treatment","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131901560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}