PAM Review Energy Science & Technology最新文献_第2页

A Meta-Analysis on the Advancement on the thermodynamic properties of clothing in extreme cold environments 极寒环境下服装热力学性能研究进展的meta分析

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology Pub Date : 2019-05-24 DOI: 10.5130/PAMR.V6I0.1548

N. Howie, Samuel Rabey

{"title":"A Meta-Analysis on the Advancement on the thermodynamic properties of clothing in extreme cold environments","authors":"N. Howie, Samuel Rabey","doi":"10.5130/PAMR.V6I0.1548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5130/PAMR.V6I0.1548","url":null,"abstract":"When two systems with different energies are in contact, the heat from the higher energy system will move into the lower energy system and the two will reach equilibrium. Humans in extreme cold environments will perish if they do not keep appropriate heat contained within their system and thus it is the object of much historic research to maintain heat within a system for as long as possible. Research and development of cold weather clothing focuses on a range of methods regulating heat flow between clothing layers. Modern research focuses on air gaps between layers of clothing, development of new conventional insulating textiles and contemporary solutions such as the use of Phases Change [1]. The purpose of this paper is to conglomerate all of the current research into one meta-analysis highlighting the gaps in the research and potential areas in need of further study, and to propose a new article of cold weather apparel utilizing the most effective advancements from the papers collected in this study. It was found that each component of cold climate clothing affects an aspect of thermal resistivity. Thickness affects the windchill resistance, the specific heat increases thermal resistance of the fabric, while humidity increases thermal conductivity, air gaps reduce it and the rigidity affects all of these factors. Our findings suggest if the air gaps are above 8 mm, natural convection currents can occur which increase the thermal and moisture transfer between clothing layers. By analysing all of these factors, a new prototype garment was able to be proposed. \u0000Keywords: Cold environment; clothing; thermoregulation.","PeriodicalId":337656,"journal":{"name":"PAM Review Energy Science & Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125224054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Meta Study on the Implications of Thermoelectric Generation on Hybrid Photovoltaic Systems 热电发电对混合光伏系统影响的Meta研究

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1499

Jamison Ghinis, C. Leslie

{"title":"A Meta Study on the Implications of Thermoelectric Generation on Hybrid Photovoltaic Systems","authors":"Jamison Ghinis, C. Leslie","doi":"10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1499","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this paper is a meta-study analysis of the efficiency of hybrid thermal and photovoltaic (PV) energy systems and how various materials and specific temperature ranges for thermoelectric (TE) generation can increase their efficiency. This meta-study focuses on papers obtained from ACS NANO, Scopus, Web of Science and Nature which discuss the theoretical and practical implementation of TE and PV systems, with various hybrid systems being considered. Analysed is the Figure of Merit from various hybrid TE and PV integrated systems, the effect of energy efficiency and power generation on different PV system temperatures, and output over area. The total efficiency of the hybrid system is found to have a considerable effect in all papers analysed, with an increase of 5 to 10 percent efficiency in energy output due to the thermoelectric generator (TEG) section, with this maximum efficiency occurring approximately in a 25 kelvin range [1]. A maximum output of 125 W peaks can be maintained for systems efficiently over 600 W/m2 modules, this is an up to 5 percent total efficiency increase in power output in the previously discussed 25 kelvin range [2]. The papers proposed demonstrate the more efficient implementations, potential for further study and implementation of hybrid systems within specific temperature and operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":337656,"journal":{"name":"PAM Review Energy Science & Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123392087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Nanofluids and Specific Frequency Absorbers in Parabolic Trough Collector Solar Furnaces 纳米流体和比频吸收器对抛物面槽集热器太阳能炉的影响

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1502

G. Geehan, R. Ritika, C. Winchester

引用次数: 2

Optimisation Principles for Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid Solar Systems, a Meta Study 光伏/热混合太阳能系统的优化原理，一项Meta研究

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1497

Richard Shin, José R. Salcedo, Cheng Min Wang

引用次数: 0

Reviewing the relationship between thermal reservoir parameters and geothermal energy output 综述了储层参数与地热能输出的关系

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1494

Jamie Grippi

{"title":"Reviewing the relationship between thermal reservoir parameters and geothermal energy output","authors":"Jamie Grippi","doi":"10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1494","url":null,"abstract":"This meta-study draws upon contemporary literature to examine parameters of thermal reservoirs and their relationships to geothermal power station output metrics. The objectives of the meta-study are to identify trends and quantify the influence of each parameter on the system as a whole. This study provides a framework for industry and researchers exploring new potential geothermal fields. Six reservoir parameters – well depth, temperature, enthalpy, mass flow rate, thermal gradient and crust thickness – were plotted against the net electrical output per production well (Enet/well) and exergy efficiency (ηB) of 64 geothermal facilities. The meta-study identified that reservoir temperature has the greatest proportionality to power output, with yields above 10MWe exhibited only for high enthalpy reservoirs exceeding 500K. Well depth has the greatest inverse proportionality to exergy efficiency, with upper limit values declining below 80% for wells deeper than 3000m. Well depth has a similar trend line, though lesser correlation, as reservoir temperature to power output. Crust thickness has an inverse correlation to exergy efficiency, with upper limit values dropping from 100% to 65% as thickness increased from 30 to 45km. There was significant clustering of data points in most trendless plots, suggesting a considerable degree of homogeneity between currently tapped reservoirs and turbine efficiencies. The low number of well-defined data trends implies a high degree of complexity arising from the relationships between reservoir parameters that make quantification problematic. Despite this difficulty, examination of the aforementioned parameters suggests that although hotter reservoirs are usually found at greater depths, the hottest and shallowest reservoirs should be prioritized for use in order to return maximal power outputs and reduce exergy losses that occur along large lengths of piping.","PeriodicalId":337656,"journal":{"name":"PAM Review Energy Science & Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131935224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluating Algae as an Alternative Fuel for Chemical Looping Combustion 评价藻类作为化学循环燃烧的替代燃料

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1493

Catherine Williams, S. Bentley, Chris Peramatukorn, Hamza Rafi

{"title":"Evaluating Algae as an Alternative Fuel for Chemical Looping Combustion","authors":"Catherine Williams, S. Bentley, Chris Peramatukorn, Hamza Rafi","doi":"10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1493","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) and Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) are low-pollution energy generation techniques conventionally utilizing natural gas or synthetic gas as fuel. Using a redox reaction of metal oxides in dual fluidised beds, CO2 can be captured and prevented from entering the atmosphere at efficiencies up to 80% [4,8]. Algae is a sustainable source of biofuel with the additional benefit of carbon capture through photosynthesis [7]. This Meta-Study attempts to determine the viability of algae as CLC/CLOU reactor fuel for long term sustainable energy generation by identifying trends in different fuels and reactants to see if algae fuel can produce an acceptable output and identify areas of weakness. Energy balance calculations were performed as well as thermal energy output, processing energy and enthalpy values. Graciliara sp. and Chlorella Vulgaris made the most effective fuels for CLC and CLOU respectively due to the low amount of algae required to produce fuel. For CLC, 3.57kg Graciliara sp. produced 1kg fuel. For CLOU, 1.7kg Chlorella Vulgaris produced 1kg fuel. CLOU was the most mass efficient with an energy/mass efficiency ratio of 11600kJ/kg compared to CLC’s 15.7kJ/kg. The energy balance ratio analysis of the production of algal fuel also identified Chlorella Vulgaris as the best fuel, with an EBR of -0.4 in CLOU. In terms of evaluating output, CLOU's energy/mass efficiency ratio surpassed a modern coal plant [45], whose value was 2840 kJ/kg. The defining factor was the enthalpy of reaction.","PeriodicalId":337656,"journal":{"name":"PAM Review Energy Science & Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130215735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells for Viable Space Application 面向空间应用的Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜太阳能电池热力学性质分析

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1501

D. Clarke, Rodrigo Breguel

引用次数: 0

Using photonic cooling systems to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells and their means of electricity production 利用光子冷却系统提高光伏电池及其发电方式的效率

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1498

A. Gordon, Ben Cross, Oliver Evans

{"title":"Using photonic cooling systems to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cells and their means of electricity production","authors":"A. Gordon, Ben Cross, Oliver Evans","doi":"10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1498","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) systems generate electricity from the abundance of solar energy provided by the sun, making them a significant technology in utilising clean, renewable energy. It is in our best interest to achieve the maximum possible electrical output from these systems. \u0000Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are a effective technology to resource clean energy, it is in our best interest to achieve the maximum possible electrical output from these cells. \u0000 Through this meta-study we discuss how the efficiency of photovoltaic systems can be optimised using photonic cooling systems (PCS). The use of laser and doppler cooling upon photovoltaic (solar) cells combat the thermodynamic property of semiconductors where increases in temperature result in a decrease in electroconductive efficiency. PCS’ ability to bring materials to the mK range theoretically improves PV systems efficiency by more than double the current practical results. However, we show the inability for semiconductors to function at such low temperatures resulting in such cells acting as insulators in the mK range. Through this meta-study we have researched efficiency of PV cells and PCS through multiple paper analysis. Using databases such as Scopus and Nature where we recognise highly cited journals/papers while focusing upon PV and PCS as search parameters. Linking between their temperature, efficiency and success during practical testing.","PeriodicalId":337656,"journal":{"name":"PAM Review Energy Science & Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128652725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wastewater and Mixed Microbial Consortia: a metastudy analysis of Optimal Microbial Fuel Cell configuration 废水和混合微生物群落:最佳微生物燃料电池配置的亚稳态分析

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1496

J. Ryan, Hayden Ferral-Smith, Joshua Wilson

{"title":"Wastewater and Mixed Microbial Consortia: a metastudy analysis of Optimal Microbial Fuel Cell configuration","authors":"J. Ryan, Hayden Ferral-Smith, Joshua Wilson","doi":"10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1496","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are an area of increasing research for use as an alternative energy source, due to their ability to produce electricity while simultaneously treating organic waste. This meta-study determines the optimal MFC configuration for electricity production, through consideration of the biocatalyst and substrate used. This study focuses primarily on comparing the use of mixed microbial consortia to pure strains of biocatalyst, and the use of waste water in contrast to simple substrates such as; acetate, glucose, and lactate. The use of algae as a substrate, and as a biocatalyst, is also investigated. In this study, only single and dual chamber MFCs are compared, and power density standardised to anode surface area (mW/m2) is used as a metric to facilitate the comparison of different experimental setups. This meta-study shows that dual chamber MFCs, using simple substrates, when catalysed by mixed culture biocatalysts, produce greater power densities, than algae, and complex substrates, with average power densities of 280, 70 and 30 (mW/m2) observed respectively. In single chamber MFC configurations, mixed culture biocatalysts have been observed to yield approximately double the power output of pure culture biocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":337656,"journal":{"name":"PAM Review Energy Science & Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123000039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Effects of Nanoparticles on the Specific Heat Capacity of Molten Salts 纳米颗粒对熔盐比热容的影响

PAM Review Energy Science & Technology Pub Date : 2018-05-31 DOI: 10.5130/PAMR.V5I0.1495

A. Foldi, Duy Khang Simba Nguyen, Yeong Cherng Yap

引用次数: 0