{"title":"Argument: Political Opportunities and Muslim Strategies","authors":"W. Abdullah","doi":"10.5117/9789463724012_CH03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463724012_CH03","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter lays out my argument. Firstly, I define and problematize the\u0000 contentious categories used in the book: ulama, liberals, and conservatives.\u0000 Subsequently, I delve into the agent-structure debate that pervades much\u0000 of political science, and postulate a way of thinking of the problem, and\u0000 then apply it to Muslim activists in Singapore. This is done through an\u0000 application of the concept of political opportunities. The argument is\u0000 explicated in detail.","PeriodicalId":337604,"journal":{"name":"Islam in a Secular State","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133452453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: The State, Islam, and Muslim Activism in Singapore","authors":"W. Abdullah","doi":"10.5117/9789463724012_CH01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463724012_CH01","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the research questions the book tries to answer, its\u0000 main arguments, and the scope of discussion. These questions include the\u0000 following. How do Muslim activists navigate their way through politics in\u0000 a secular, authoritarian state to maximize their influence? What are the\u0000 different methods by which the varied categories of activists work to further\u0000 their causes? What accounts for the differences in these approaches? Briefly,\u0000 I postulate that many activists attempt to strategically align themselves with\u0000 the state, and call upon the state to be an arbiter in their disagreements with\u0000 other factions. Though there are activists who challenge the state, these are\u0000 by far in the minority, and are typically unable to assert their influence in a\u0000 sustained manner. The dominating nature of the state has largely resulted\u0000 in activists refusing to defy the state on fundamental issues, regardless of\u0000 their orientations. The chapter discusses Singapore’s political context, and\u0000 how Islam is managed. I further outline the case selection and methodology.","PeriodicalId":337604,"journal":{"name":"Islam in a Secular State","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123494483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ulama: Pragmatism and Political Acquiescence","authors":"W. Abdullah","doi":"10.1017/9789048544417.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9789048544417.004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the position of the ulama within the political\u0000 system in Singapore. It interrogates the various cleavages amongst the\u0000 ulama, the strategies they undertake to further causes which they deem\u0000 important, the issues they shun, and the thought processes behind their\u0000 decisions. The ulama, just like other actors, are pragmatic creatures,\u0000 fully cognizant of the costs and benefits of their actions. Different ulama\u0000 prioritize various goals, depending on their own worldviews and ranking\u0000 of what is important to them. As a result, the ‘pragmatic alim’ is able to\u0000 operate within the political opportunity structures in an attempt to\u0000 maximize his/her gains, while being aware of what has to be given up in\u0000 order to achieve those objectives.","PeriodicalId":337604,"journal":{"name":"Islam in a Secular State","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129699566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liberal Activists: Playing by the System and Making Gains","authors":"W. Abdullah","doi":"10.1017/9789048544417.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9789048544417.005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes the relationships Muslim ‘liberal’ activists have\u0000 with the state. Just like the ulama, the liberals are not a monolithic group,\u0000 with various approaches taken by different actors. However, by and large,\u0000 the liberals, again like the ulama, play by the rules of the game set by the\u0000 state. In fact, I argue that liberals have managed to maximize their space\u0000 the most as compared to conservatives, for reasons which are explained\u0000 in the chapter.","PeriodicalId":337604,"journal":{"name":"Islam in a Secular State","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127954981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Muslim Activism: A Survey across the World","authors":"W. Abdullah","doi":"10.1017/9789048544417.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9789048544417.002","url":null,"abstract":"The second chapter is a literature review. The first section tackles the\u0000 different theological positions Muslim scholars have posited with regard\u0000 to activism. This is important as we find that some of these stances guide,\u0000 or are used to justify, the various forms of activism. I further discuss the\u0000 types of Muslim activists, and the social movement literature, in order to\u0000 ground the findings of this book within a field of study. The idea is that\u0000 the book should be relevant beyond Singapore or even Islamic studies,\u0000 and locating the book within the literature of social movements serves\u0000 this purpose.","PeriodicalId":337604,"journal":{"name":"Islam in a Secular State","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117205053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Conservative Dilemma: To Challenge or Accept State Proclamations?","authors":"W. Abdullah","doi":"10.1017/9789048544417.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9789048544417.006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter interrogates the relationships between conservative activists\u0000 and the state. By now, there is perhaps no need to belabour the point that\u0000 each category of activists is not homogenous, as the previous chapters have\u0000 shown. The conservatives are a varied group, with some actively cooperating\u0000 with the state and others adopting a more pragmatic approach. I argue that\u0000 just like the ulama and the liberals, conservative activists typically work\u0000 within the system, even when they disagree with state pronouncements.\u0000 Unlike the liberals, however, the space is more constricted for conservatives\u0000 to influence discourse and policy in many areas. The political opportunities\u0000 for these activists are limited because of the government’s preference\u0000 for more ‘inclusive’ interpretations of Islam. As in the previous chapters,\u0000 cases of dissident conservatives are discussed so as to provide a more\u0000 comprehensive picture of Muslim activism in Singapore. Causes which\u0000 conservatives champion and duly avoid will be investigated in depth, to\u0000 comprehend the nexus between political opportunities and activism.","PeriodicalId":337604,"journal":{"name":"Islam in a Secular State","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128023967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Argument:","authors":"L. Petit, Jean-Marie Brohm","doi":"10.4324/9781315144559-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315144559-32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337604,"journal":{"name":"Islam in a Secular State","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126259254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hw3xzw.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hw3xzw.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337604,"journal":{"name":"Islam in a Secular State","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124918850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Muslim Activism:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hw3xzw.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hw3xzw.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337604,"journal":{"name":"Islam in a Secular State","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114231746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hw3xzw.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hw3xzw.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":337604,"journal":{"name":"Islam in a Secular State","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124472325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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