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The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection最新文献

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A comparative in vitro microbiological evaluation of generic meropenem compounds against the innovator compound 非专利美罗培南化合物与创新化合物的体外微生物学比较评价
The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2011-06-04 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2011.11441428
W. Lowman, R. Stewart, N. Aithma, Zandile Mjindi, Janet Loakes
{"title":"A comparative in vitro microbiological evaluation of generic meropenem compounds against the innovator compound","authors":"W. Lowman, R. Stewart, N. Aithma, Zandile Mjindi, Janet Loakes","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2011.11441428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2011.11441428","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Meropenem is a broad-spectrum carbapenem widely used in the treatment of critically ill patients. A generic meropenem product has recently become available in South Africa and we aimed to compare the generic product with the innovator product using established in vitro microbiological testing methods. Method: Comparative minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for 115 clinically relevant isolates using the broth microdilution reference method. Comparative analysis of MIC was done using categorical and essential agreement. A subset of isolates was evaluated using minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing. Results: The overall essential agreement exceeded the international standard of > 90%. A single major error and six minor errors were detected in 230 comparative MICs. For the 55 Enterobacteriaceae isolates tested, the MIC 50 and MIC 90 were 0.03 µg/ml and 0.06 µg/ml respectively, with no difference between extended–spectrum s-lactamase producers (ESBL) and non-ESBL isolates. Bactericidal activity was demonstrated for both generic and innovator products in all isolates tested. For eight of the 11 isolates, the MBC was only twice the MIC. Conclusion: Reference method MIC and MBC testing of a large sample of clinically relevant microorganisms against meropenem has demonstrated comparable in vitro activity between the innovator and generic products. Low MICs and bactericidal activity at concentrations close to the MIC indicate that meropenem remains a useful agent in the treatment of infections caused by ESBLproducing Enterobacteriaceae.","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116374789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Update on infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌感染的最新情况
The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2011-06-04 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2011.11441426
E. Wasserman, J. Taljaard
{"title":"Update on infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"E. Wasserman, J. Taljaard","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2011.11441426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2011.11441426","url":null,"abstract":"This overview describes the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and its human host, as a part of the normal colonising fora and as an aggressive pathogen. The history of antimicrobial usage and the development of resistance in this organism are related to new challenges, including the epidemiology of resistant strains, the emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant strains and the emergence of decreased susceptibility to the glycopeptides. Finally, considerations when treating infection caused by S. aureus are summarised and treatment guidance is provided.","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123172435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Self-reported hypertension in eMbalenhle, Mpumalanga, South Africa: findings from a vulnerability to air pollution assessment 南非姆普马兰加省embalenle自我报告的高血压:对空气污染易损性评估的发现
The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2011-06-04 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2011.11441468
M. Matooane, R. Oosthuizen, J. John
{"title":"Self-reported hypertension in eMbalenhle, Mpumalanga, South Africa: findings from a vulnerability to air pollution assessment","authors":"M. Matooane, R. Oosthuizen, J. John","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2011.11441468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2011.11441468","url":null,"abstract":"The study determined the prevalence of self-reported hypertension and evaluated the relationship between self-reported hypertension and associated risk factors among adults who participated in the 2006 vulnerability to air pollution study in eMbalenhle, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in September 2006 with the heads of 377 randomly selected households to obtain information on the household status of health and disease risk factors. eMbalenhle data were compared to the published provincial data on variables of interest. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine associations between self-reported hypertension and individual risk factors. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension (7.0%), arthritis (3.9%), diabetes (3.8%) and asthma (2.2%) were comparable to provincial self-reported disease fgures of 9.0%, 3.5%, 2.3% and 3.4%, respectively. self reporting of hypertension increased signifcantly with age (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05-1.09; p<0.001), being female (OR: ...","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132962524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Poliomyelitis Research Foundation: Tribute to Professor Barry Schoub 小儿麻痹症研究基金会:致敬Barry Schoub教授
The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2011-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2011.11441443
Roy Wiggill
{"title":"Poliomyelitis Research Foundation: Tribute to Professor Barry Schoub","authors":"Roy Wiggill","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2011.11441443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2011.11441443","url":null,"abstract":"Prof Barry Schoub has made a tremendous contribution to the Poliomyelitis Research Foundation (PRF) over a period of 34 years.","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127599275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Virus electron microscopy 病毒电子显微镜
The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2011-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2011.11441447
G. Lecatsas
{"title":"Virus electron microscopy","authors":"G. Lecatsas","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2011.11441447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2011.11441447","url":null,"abstract":"Since the introduction of the first electron microscope in 1939, the development of the field of ultra-structure, in both the physical and biological sciences, has been dramatic in its elucidation of problems in both fields. Although the theoretical limit of the resolving power of the instrument 2 o A was achieved early in its development, further refinements followed rapidly. Modern instruments are capable of reaching high vacuum levels in relatively short time periods and computerisation has made these instruments remarkably user friendly. The development of oil diffusion pump technology led to the ability to attain extremely high vacuum levels, an essential feature in allowing a beam of electrons to travel in a focused stream, through the use of condenser, objective and projector lenses striking a fluorescent screen, thus producing an image of the specimen to be examined.","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128736806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea in Africa: An important public health threat in need of a regional gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programme 非洲耐药淋病:需要区域淋球菌抗微生物监测规划的重要公共卫生威胁
The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2011-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2011.11441455
D. Lewis
{"title":"Antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea in Africa: An important public health threat in need of a regional gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programme","authors":"D. Lewis","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2011.11441455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2011.11441455","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) prevalence and incidence estimates for 2005, gonorrhoea is the second most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance among gonococci is worsening and multidrug-resistant strains, no longer responsive to oral cephalosporins, are now circulating in the Western Pacifc region and emerging in other parts of the world. Sustainable high-quality antimicrobial resistance surveillance programmes for Neisseria gonorrhoeae exist in only a few countries. With the exception of South Africa, gonococcal antimicrobial resistance surveillance data are few or absent for most of Africa. There is thus an urgent need to revitalise gonococcal laboratory-based surveillance on the continent. In order to respond to this challenge, renewal of the WHO Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme is now taking place in various regions of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, where the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a divi...","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117125198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
The nasty habits of Mick, Samuel and George 米克、塞缪尔和乔治的坏习惯
The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2011-05-12 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2011.11441470
E. Prentice
{"title":"The nasty habits of Mick, Samuel and George","authors":"E. Prentice","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2011.11441470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2011.11441470","url":null,"abstract":"I am really amused that, although said centuries apart and by men with such differing tastes, on this topic at least, both Mick and Samuel seemingly agree and make commentary on a subject very dear to my heart. Tea indeed amuses me when idle, at three or really any time of day or night. It dilutes, or so I hope, some of the very full meals from which I just cannot abstain or exercise away. And, perhaps most importantly, it relaxes me when studious.","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116325323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A brief history of the Special Pathogens Unit at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service 国家卫生实验室服务的国家传染病研究所特殊病原体单位的简史
The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2011-05-10 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2011.11441452
R. Swanepoel, J. Pawęska
{"title":"A brief history of the Special Pathogens Unit at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service","authors":"R. Swanepoel, J. Pawęska","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2011.11441452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2011.11441452","url":null,"abstract":"The Poliomyelitis Research Foundation (PRF) laboratories were opened in 1953 on the Rietfontein Campus of the South African Institute for Medical Research (SAIMR), specifically to conduct research on virus diseases and produce vaccine. In 1976, the PRF laboratories were sold to the government to become the National Institute for Virology (NIV) under the Department of Health, with Prof OW Prozesky as the first Director. In 2001, the SAIMR was reconstituted as a statutory body, the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), with its peripheral laboratories being administered on a regional basis, and the central microbiological laboratories in Johannesburg being amalgamated with the NIV to form a new National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD). Prof BD Schoub, who had succeeded Prof Prozesky as Director of NIV in 1982, became the first Director of the NICD. The NICD retained the links the PRF and NIV had with the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of the Witwatersrand, and many staff members have dual appointments.","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115479350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidence that prevention of carriage by pneumococcal capsular vaccines may be the mechanism of protection from pneumococcal pneumonia 有证据表明，肺炎球菌荚膜疫苗预防携带可能是预防肺炎球菌肺炎的机制
The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2011-05-07 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2011.11441456
K. Klugman, S W Hayden Smith, H. Koornhof
{"title":"Evidence that prevention of carriage by pneumococcal capsular vaccines may be the mechanism of protection from pneumococcal pneumonia","authors":"K. Klugman, S W Hayden Smith, H. Koornhof","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2011.11441456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2011.11441456","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1970s, a hexavalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-6) and a 13-valent (PPV-13) trial involving ˜ 12,000 Witwatersrand gold miners showed effcacy against pneumonia caused by vaccine types (VTs). The effect of PPV-6 and PPV-13 on nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcal serotypes in 600 and 200 miners, respectively, was evaluated, but was not previously published. Participants were randomised to receive PPV, meningococcal Group A vaccine (MVA) or saline placebo. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for pneumococcal serotype detection immediately before vaccine or placebo administration, one and 25 days after, and at the time of leaving the mine. Because PPVs failed to protect against serotype 3 carriage, analysis was confned to other VTs. PPV-6 caused a 70% reduction in percentage of VT carriage in PPV-6 recipients (6 VTs [6.9%] and 149 non-vaccine types [NVTs], versus 33 VTs [22.9%] and 111 NVTs in the MVA group [p<;0.001]). A 70% reduction was also demonstrated when compared with carria...","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124334964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Oral lesions in HIV-infected patients, before and after antiretroviral treatment 艾滋病毒感染患者的口腔病变，抗逆转录病毒治疗前后
The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection Pub Date : 2011-04-08 DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2011.11441466
A. Masiiwa, S. Naidoo
{"title":"Oral lesions in HIV-infected patients, before and after antiretroviral treatment","authors":"A. Masiiwa, S. Naidoo","doi":"10.1080/10158782.2011.11441466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2011.11441466","url":null,"abstract":"Oral lesions cause considerable morbidity in HIV-infected patients. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reconstitutes the immune system and reduces the incidence of opportunistic infections and malignancies. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and range of oral lesions in patients before and after starting ART in Harare, Zimbabwe. A longitudinal, prospective study of oral lesions presenting in HIV-infected patients at baseline and three and six months after the initiation of ART was conducted. The study was undertaken at three hospitals in Harare. Two hundred and ten patients were enrolled; 96 (46%) and 49 (23%) patients presented for follow-up at three and six months, respectively. Two-thirds of the patients who completed follow-up were female; median age was 36 years. At six months of ART, the overall prevalence of oral lesions declined signifcantly (p< 0.05). Oral candidiasis was the most common finding and showed the most signifcant reduction on ART. In contrast, the incidence of fac...","PeriodicalId":335691,"journal":{"name":"The Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and infection","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125178808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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