Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of Intellectual Capital Disclosure: An Investigation on DS30 Firms in Bangladesh","authors":"Pappu Kumar Dey, M. Faruq","doi":"10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim: The study aims to investigate intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) practices and its determinants in Bangladesh. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: The top 30 firms known as DS30 companies that reflect around 51 percent of the total equity market capitalisation have been considered as a sample. Content analysis is used to extract the data from the annual report of the respective firm for the years 2013 to 2017. Multiple regression analysis is performed to identify the determinants of ICD. \u0000Research findings: This paper finds that board independence and globally affiliated auditors have a substantial positive impact on ICD. In contrast, board gender diversity documents marginally significant negative association with ICD. However, our examination does not show any significant impact of board size, leverage, profitability and firm size on ICD quality. \u0000Theoretical contribution/ Originality: This study differs in its approach of narrowing down the items of ICD index to maintain the perspective of a developing country like Bangladesh. It is a longitudinal study and does not consider any particular industry of Bangladesh to identify the drivers of ICD. \u0000Practitioner/ Policy implication: Policymakers and regulators could consider the factors identified in this paper for setting corporate reporting regulations, particularly corporate governance mechanisms. \u0000Research limitation: This study considered only the top 30 firms and 30 disclosure items. Our investigation is limited to only the annual reports of the respective companies. \u0000Keywords: Bangladesh, DS30 Companies, Determinants, Human Capital, Intellectual Capital \u0000Type of Manuscript: Research paper \u0000JEL Classification: M41, M49","PeriodicalId":33532,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77876455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Budgeting System: A Case Study of a Manufacturing Company","authors":"Nazanin Bybordi, A. A. Ousama, Obeid S. Shreim","doi":"10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim: This paper aims to analyse the practice of the budgeting system in a light manufacturing company operating within the Iranian automotive industry. \u0000Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The paper uses a case study method based on a lighting manufacturing company. A semi-structured interview was implemented to collect the required data. The respondents consist of a total of four department managers and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the company. \u0000Research finding: The paper found that the current system being used for budgeting is not efficient due to the significant variances between actual figures (performance) and planned budget. \u0000Theoretical contribution/ Originality: This paper is considered among the empirical studies to evaluate the budgeting system applied to a manufacturing company within the Iranian automotive industry. \u0000Practitioner/ Policy implication: The paper reveals important weaknesses in the budgeting system practised in Iran. This finding can be considered very useful as it highlights that the system suffers from inefficiency. Companies can attempt to improve the system by implementing effective methods such as the formation of a budget committee, and preparation of the cash budget to increase the efficiency of the system. \u0000Research limitation/ Implication: Although the paper provides evidence on the status of budgeting systems, it focused predominantly on interviews. Future research on this issue may use data triangulation by using other primary (e.g. questionnaire survey) and secondary data. \u0000Keywords: Budgeting System, Budget, Evaluation, Lighting Industry, Iran \u0000Type of article: Research paper \u0000JEL Classification: M4, M41","PeriodicalId":33532,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77104949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real Earnings Management in Family-Affiliated Firms: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia","authors":"W. A. Rahman, Noorhayati Mansor","doi":"10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim:  This paper examines the effects of size and complex structure of family-affiliated business groups on Real Earnings Management (REM) practices in Malaysian listed firms. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: Family-affiliated business groups listed on Bursa Malaysia during the years 2006 to 2015 filtered using specific criteria were selected as the sample. STATA software was used to analyse the panel data, and two different regression models were run for the empirical testing to examine the effects of size and group complexity. \u0000Research finding: It is evidenced that the size and complexity structure of family-affiliated business groups are positively associated with REM, measured by abnormal cash flow from operations and abnormal discretionary expenses, but negatively associated with abnormal production cost. \u0000Theoretical contribution/Originality: Since previous studies based on Malaysian public listed firms focus on Accruals Earnings Manipulation (AEM), this study broadens the scope by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between family-affiliated firms’ characteristics and REM. \u0000Practitioner/ Policy implication: Investors, auditors, analysts and practitioners should consider family-affiliated firms as a factor that significantly induces earnings manipulation. The result is also relevant for regulators in regulating takeover rules or tax policy to affiliated groups in order to create incentives for them to maintain a specific size or complexity structure, or otherwise, be penalised for exceeding the size or complexity characteristics. \u0000Research limitation/ Implication: The results from this study may apply to Asian countries with similarities in family ownership to that in Malaysia. The findings, however, may not apply to developed countries where family concentration and pyramidal structure are not significant. \u0000Keywords: Real Earnings Management, Family-Affiliated Firms, Emerging Market, Entrenchment Effect, Malaysia \u0000Type of article: Research paper \u0000JEL Classification: M41","PeriodicalId":33532,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84929861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust and Power as Determinants of Tax Compliance in Asia: A Cross-Country Analysis","authors":"Abdulsalam Mas'ud, Nor Aziah Abdul Manaf, Natrah Saad","doi":"10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim: Prior to the emergence of the “Slippery Slope Framework”, studies on factors influencing tax compliance considered many independent variables. However, the framework simplified the tax compliance model in a parsimonious way with only two independent variables capable of explaining tax compliance. These are trust in authority and power of authority. In this study, an attempt is made to test the assumptions of the framework using cross-country data with a larger sample from Asia. \u0000Design/ Methodology/ Approach: A cross-sectional data from 41 Asian countries was generated and analysed through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis. \u0000Research finding: From the analysis, trust was found to have a significant influence on tax compliance across the countries investigated, while the power of authority was found to be weak in that regard. The interaction between the two variables in explaining tax compliance was also found to be weak across the sampled countries. \u0000Theoretical contribution/ Originality: Theoretically, the study supports not only the “Slippery Slope Framework” but also Social Exchange Theory as it shows that in social exchange contract such as paying tax by taxpayers and providing public goods and services by the central government. Trust plays an important role as taxpayers expect reciprocation. \u0000Practitioner/ Policy implication: The result highlights to the policymakers in 41 Asian countries that improving tax compliance requires a high level of trust from authorities. Taxpayers seek the judicious use of taxpayers’ money in executing projects and services needed by the nation. \u0000Research limitation/ Implication: Considering additional factors such as antecedents of trust and power will add to the explanation of tax compliance using the framework. \u0000Keywords: Power, Slippery Slope Framework, Tax Compliance, Trust \u0000Type of article: Research paper \u0000JEL Classification: H24, H25, H26","PeriodicalId":33532,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82742618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of The Revenue Efficiency of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks","authors":"A. Bhatia, Megha Mahendru","doi":"10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the internal (bank-specific) and external (macroeconomic and industry-specific) factors thataffect the revenue efficiency of banks. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper considers all the Scheduled Commercial Banks operating in India over a period of 22 years from 1991-92 to 2012-13. Due to the non-availability of information for certain variables the sample varies across years. The revenue efficiency of banks is calculated by employing a non-parametric approach, namely, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). To determine the factors affecting revenue efficiency, the Panel Data Tobit model, as proposed by James Tobin (1958), is used. It is applied due to the censored nature of the dependent variable, i.e., the efficiency scores, which range from 0 to 1. \u0000Research finding: The results indicate that the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Non-Performing Assets to Net Advances (NPANA), Operating Expenses to Total Expenses (OETE), Business per Employee (BPE), Return on Assets (ROA), Size (LNTA), and Inflation (INF) reveal a negative relationship with the revenue efficiency scores. Equity to Total Assets (ETA), Total Loans and advances to Total Deposits (TATD), Total Investments to Total Assets (TITA), Total Expenses to Total Income (TETI), Spread to Total Assets (STA), Non-Interest Income to Total Income (NIITI), Cash Deposit Ratio (CDR), Time Dummy (TD), Public Dummy (PUBD), and Log of Gross Domestic Product (LNGDP) disclose a positive relationship for the revenue efficiency model. \u0000Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study is among the few that examine factors affecting the revenue efficiency of Indian Commercial Banks as limited research is available in the Indian Banking Literature. \u0000Practitioner/Policy implication: The empirical findings of this article clearly provide assistance to bank managers in understanding the factors that positively or adversely affect the revenue efficiency. It specifically recommends that managers focus on credit risk management and asset liability management. \u0000Research limitation/Implication: The present study may be extended by considering other efficiency parameters as dependent variables. Various risks faced by banks and off-balance sheet activities can also be taken into consideration. The impact of other events, such as global financial recession, might also be captured for future research. \u0000Keywords: Revenue Efficiency, Bank Specific Variable, Industry Specific Variable, Data Envelopment Analysis, Panel Tobit Regression Analysis, Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks \u0000Type of manuscript: Research paper \u0000JEL Classification: G2, C24, D61","PeriodicalId":33532,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77146601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Quality of Accounting Information: Relevance or Value-Relevance?","authors":"Nasrin Azar, Z. Zakaria, Noor Adwa Sulaiman","doi":"10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim: This paper critically evaluates the qualitative characteristics of accounting information that can be drawn from the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB)/International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) Conceptual Framework and Value-Relevance studies that are motivated by users of accounting information. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: This study reviews the value-relevance literature and Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts (SFAC) No. 8, which was issued by FASB in September 2010 in order to make a distinction between them. \u0000Research findings: The value-relevance literature, which reported the associations between accounting numbers and common equity valuations, has limited implications or inferences for accounting information users. Although some scholars believe that the value relevance model indicates that accounting information is relevant and reliable (faithfully represented), it is, however, difficult to attribute the cause of the lack of value relevance to the relevance or the reliability aspects as the value relevance model does not distinguish between relevance and reliability. \u0000Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study provides some recommendations and a framework for future academic research related to the qualitative characteristics of accounting information (especially earnings) and value-relevance models. \u0000Practitioner/Policy implications: According to the conceptual framework defined by the FASB and IASB, relevance and faithful representation, as fundamental qualitative characteristics, are required for the provision of the usefulness of accounting information, and should be taken into consideration by scholars and standard setters in the accounting area. \u0000Research limitation/Implication: This paper does not have a direct impact on practice. But, if the standard setters and researchers apply the concepts have been defined by this study in their accounting standards and their research, respectively, the results of those standards or research can be finally useful for the practice, especially for the investors. \u0000Keywords: Accounting Information, FASB/IASB Conceptual Framework, Value-Relevance, Relevance, Faithful Representation \u0000Type of manuscripts: Literature review \u0000JEL Classification: M480","PeriodicalId":33532,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88412252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overlapping Memberships on The Audit and Other Board Committees: Impacts on Financial Reporting Quality","authors":"Abdirahman Furqaan, Hairul Azlan Annuar, Hamdino Hamdan, Hafiz Majdi Abdul Rashid","doi":"10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim: This research aims to investigate how overlapped members on the audit committee (AC) impact the primary role of the committee, especially in terms of improving the quality of the financial reporting of the company. \u0000Design/ Methodology/Approach: The population of the study consists of non-financial institutions listed on Bursa Malaysia (BM). Using purposive sampling, cross-sectional data were collected from the annual reports of the 100 top companies listed on BM. \u0000Research finding: The descriptive statistics of the study show that 98.7 per cent of the observed companies in this study have overlapping membership on the audit and other board committees. The study also shows that more than three-fourths of the AC members also serve on other board committees. The study found that overlapping memberships on the AC and other mandatory committees, significantly and positively impact the financial reporting quality (FRQ). \u0000Theoretical contribution/Originality: The results of this study suggest that overlapping memberships on the AC of the Malaysian big public listed companies play a significant role in terms of the FRQ of the company. \u0000Practitioner/Policy implication: Regulatory bodies and investors should encourage the chair of the AC to work on other board committees to bring relevant information to improve the performance of the AC.  \u0000Research limitation/Implication: The inherent drawback of the current research is the small sample size, and that it does not provide in-depth and comprehensive data from the documents of the company. The research sample was drawn from the largest 100 Malaysian companies. Therefore, the results of the study may not be generalisable to smaller companies. \u0000Keywords: Overlapping memberships, Audit committee (AC), Remuneration committee (RC), Nomination committee (NC), Financial Reporting Quality (FRQ) \u0000Type of manuscript: Research paper \u0000JEL Classification: M40","PeriodicalId":33532,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73640428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which Internal Factors Drive Companies to Social Reporting? An Empirical Study from A Developing Country Perspective","authors":"A. Chakraborty","doi":"10.22452/ajap.vol12no1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ajap.vol12no1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Research Aim: This study examines the influence of firms’ internal factors and the impact of a statutory regulatory order on the extent of corporate social reporting by banking firms in Bangladesh in the period from 2011 to 2015. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: Besides using content analysis to construct a social disclosure index, multivariate regression analysis was performed to test a number of hypotheses related to the key variables of the study. \u0000Research Findings: The descriptive statistics of the social reporting disclosure index do not show a notable impact of the statutory regulatory order on the extent of firms’ social reporting. The study found that board meetings and board expertise have a significant positive impact on firms’ social reporting, while firm size is negatively associated with firms’ social reporting; thus, meaning that comparatively smaller firms perform better in terms of social reporting. However, no significant impact is found for board size and firm network on firms’ social reporting. \u0000Theoretical contribution/Originality: The study has contributed theoretical aspects about firms’ different internal factors and, particularly, how legal arrangements like SRO can be applied by the government to motivate a firm to undertake corporate social activities and disclosures. The application of resource dependence theory to CSR has been further fortified with this investigative study. \u0000Practitioner/Policy Implication: The empirical result implies that as CSR is practiced voluntarily in Bangladesh, such policies of government like tax exemption on CSR expenditure has not had much of an impact. \u0000Research Limitation: This study can be investigated with multi-industry data to further explore industry variations, but, due to poor and inconsistent CSR reporting of other industries in Bangladesh, only listed firms in the banking industry have been included to obtain appropriate results and findings.  \u0000Type of Manuscript: Research Paper. \u0000Keywords: Corporate Social Reporting, Internal Factors, Regulatory Impact, Banking Industry. \u0000JEL Classification: M14","PeriodicalId":33532,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72520584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaysian Individual Investors: What Are the Factors That Influence Their Financial Statement Usage?","authors":"K. Kishan, E. Alfan","doi":"10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/AJAP.VOL12NO1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Research aim: This study seeks to examine the knowledge and attitudinal factors that influence financial statement usage among Malaysian individual investors. \u0000Design/ Methodology/Approach: A survey was conducted on a sample of 399 Malaysian individual investors using self-administered questionnaires. \u0000Research finding: The findings reveal that financial statement usage is positively associated with subjective norm, financial statement knowledge, attitude towards financial statement usage, and perceived behavioural control. However, it is negatively associated with trading frequency attitude. \u0000Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study seeks to contribute to the very limited research on the factors that influence individual investors’ financial statement usage. Additionally, it enriches the literature on financial statement usage among individual investors in Malaysia by showing the extent to which the three main financial statements are utilised by them. Furthermore, this research extends financial literacy research on stock investing to the realm of financial statement usage by highlighting the influence of financial statement knowledge on this behaviour. Thus, the study seeks to bridge the gap between financial reporting and financial literacy. \u0000Practitioner/Policy implication: The findings provide useful insights for the providers of investor education programmes in developing more holistic programmes. \u0000Research limitation/Implication: Non-random sampling was employed in this study, albeit such an approach is consistent with the literature. Also, respondents comprised individual investors who are proficient in English because the researchers seek to complement Malaysian studies on the readability of English language financial statement narratives. \u0000Keywords: Financial Reporting, Investment Decision-making, Financial Knowledge \u0000Type of manuscript: Research paper \u0000JEL Classification: M41, G41, D80","PeriodicalId":33532,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87735002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Governance and Financial Distress: Malaysian Perspective","authors":"Mazurina Mohd Ali, Noriza Mohd Nasir","doi":"10.22452/ajap.vol11no1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22452/ajap.vol11no1.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33532,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88100450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}