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Media attributions of blame and sympathy in ten rape cases 媒体对十起强奸案的指责和同情
The Justice Professional Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08884310212826
Joanne Ardovini-Brooker, Susan Caringella-Macdonald
{"title":"Media attributions of blame and sympathy in ten rape cases","authors":"Joanne Ardovini-Brooker, Susan Caringella-Macdonald","doi":"10.1080/08884310212826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310212826","url":null,"abstract":"This study builds upon previous research investigating the nature of magazine coverage of rape cases between 1980 and 1996. The previous research examined the low versus high visibility cases vis-a ¤ -vis case characteristics. The present examination explores condemnation in rape cases in light of case characteristics. A total of 123 articles have been compiled from national magazines. Ten rape cases are included in this study. Concerns pivot around media attribution of rape culpability. The research questions whether the victim's/offender's race and/or class affects the media's exculpation or vilification of the rape victim and/or offender. In other words, the study investigates whether there is a perpetuation of the victim blaming ideology by the media as it pertains to certain rape cases. The research goes on to explore whether the rape scenario, e.g. stranger, acquaintance, single offender or multiple offenders impacts media attributions in rape cases. The findings of this content analysis are viewed in the context of the backlash against feminism and the 'feminist' rape reform movement. It is important to understand the phenomena of beliefs about rape in the present era of the backlash that continues to erode gains of the feminist and the rape reform movements.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121061464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
Research note: Using the NIJ threat level scale to classify firearms lethality 研究说明:使用NIJ威胁等级量表对枪支杀伤力进行分类
The Justice Professional Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/0888431022000070449
Rick Ruddell, G. L. Mays
{"title":"Research note: Using the NIJ threat level scale to classify firearms lethality","authors":"Rick Ruddell, G. L. Mays","doi":"10.1080/0888431022000070449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0888431022000070449","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates a modified National Institute of Justice (NIJ) body armor threat level scale as a method to classify the capacity for firearms lethality. This study classified 8,254 firearms confiscated by police officers in St. Louis, Missouri from 1992 to 1994 and compared the NIJ scale against six other measures of firearms lethality. This study finds that the NIJ scale is a valid measure of classifying threat. Studies that compare firearms use trends, compare offender populations, or regional differences in firearms use can utilize this modified scale to classify firearms lethality.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130470032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Special conditions for female probationers: Disparity or discrimination 女性缓刑的特殊情况:不平等或歧视
The Justice Professional Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08884310214027
J. M. Mullany
{"title":"Special conditions for female probationers: Disparity or discrimination","authors":"J. M. Mullany","doi":"10.1080/08884310214027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310214027","url":null,"abstract":"Studies indicate that probation departments have not made the appropriate changes to effectively supervise the growing population of female probationers. Erez (1989) examined the structure of probation decision-making on the perceived need level of probationers and the pursuant recommendation of treatment. She found that gender-role expectations and sex-stereotypes continued to guide and weigh considerably in probation officers' decision making (Erez, 1989). This present study investigates special conditions imposed on female probations in Cook County (Chicago), Illinois to determine whether probation officers have made the appropriate changes necessary or if decision making continues to be based on gender-profiling.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134476122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Criminal justice education: Where have we been? And where are we heading? 刑事司法教育:我们都做了些什么?我们要去哪里?
The Justice Professional Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08884310215667
Michael Birzer, Michael J. Palmiotto
{"title":"Criminal justice education: Where have we been? And where are we heading?","authors":"Michael Birzer, Michael J. Palmiotto","doi":"10.1080/08884310215667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310215667","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal justice education has steadfastly become the education of choice for many aspiring and current practitioners in the criminal justice enterprise. Many colleges and universities offer degrees in criminal justice and the curricula is quite varying in nature among universities. Some criminal justice departments offer curriculum that is more practice (vocational) focused while others are more academic/theoretically focused. We argue in order to effectively prepare criminal justice practitioners that curriculum should be a multi-disciplined approach, which includes a balanced theoretical grounding. We present the notion that theory and critical thinking skills are important in the holistic development of criminal justice practitioners. We conclude the paper with a three-pronged recommendation for criminal justice education.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132171526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Furman and Gregg exit death row?: Un-weaving an old controversy 福尔曼和格雷格离开死囚区?:重新编织一个古老的争议
The Justice Professional Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08884310214030
M. Urbina
{"title":"Furman and Gregg exit death row?: Un-weaving an old controversy","authors":"M. Urbina","doi":"10.1080/08884310214030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310214030","url":null,"abstract":"A examination of the literature surrounding Furman , Gregg , and death row reveals a complex and limited story of the death penalty. Since the focus has been almost exclusively on executions and commutations, little is known about other possible death sentence outcomes. The primary goal in this paper is to: (1) unravel a series of issues regarding the death penalty; (2) made an argument into way the death penalty should be examined by the totality of its outcomes; and (3) explore which outcomes should be analyzed more carefully, and be a more explicit and better documented part of capital punishment discussion.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128263927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
What you don't know can hurt you: First-time offenders and sentence severity 你不知道的会伤害你:初犯和刑罚的严重性
The Justice Professional Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08884310214023
Michael S. Vigorita
{"title":"What you don't know can hurt you: First-time offenders and sentence severity","authors":"Michael S. Vigorita","doi":"10.1080/08884310214023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310214023","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, sentencing research demonstrates a positive relationship between prior record and sentence severity. The current research, however, demonstrates that under certain circumstances offenders with a prior record, but no prior incarcerations, are sentenced less severely than similarly situated first-time offenders. The analysis demonstrates that first-time and experienced offenders commit the same types of offenses. However, first-time offenders are more likely to be convicted of more serious charges and subsequently sentenced to longer prison terms than experienced offenders. It is suggested that repeat offenders, having familiarity with the courtroom workgroup and its nuances, are better able to manipulate the system to their advantage.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130562861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The impact of instrumental communication and integration on correctional staff 工具性沟通与整合对惩教人员的影响
The Justice Professional Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08884310214022
E. Lambert, N. Hogan, Shannon M. Barton, Alan Clarke
{"title":"The impact of instrumental communication and integration on correctional staff","authors":"E. Lambert, N. Hogan, Shannon M. Barton, Alan Clarke","doi":"10.1080/08884310214022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310214022","url":null,"abstract":"Workers are the most valuable resource for correctional facilities since prisons are almost entirely dependent on staff to accomplish the multitude of tasks, duties, and responsibilities with which society has charged them. This exploratory study examines the effect of instrumental communication and integration on correctional staff organizational commitment and job satisfaction at a Midwestern correctional facility. The results from 270 correctional staff who were surveyed during Fall, 2000 are presented. Results from Pearson's r correlation coefficients and an OLS regression analysis suggest that instrumental communication and integration both have significant positive effects on organizational commitment; however only integration has a statistically significant effect on job satisfaction. Similar results were found using a subsample of non-supervisory correctional officers.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122363947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 72
The effect of police presence on public fear reduction and satisfaction: A review of the literature 警察存在对公众恐惧减少和满意度的影响:文献综述
The Justice Professional Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/0888431021000049471
Jihong Zhao, Matthew Schneider, Q. Thurman
{"title":"The effect of police presence on public fear reduction and satisfaction: A review of the literature","authors":"Jihong Zhao, Matthew Schneider, Q. Thurman","doi":"10.1080/0888431021000049471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0888431021000049471","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to answer two questions. First, we are interested in the extent to which the presence of the police reduces public fear of crime. Second, we examine the link between police presence and public satisfaction with the police. We explore both of these topics from the existing research literature where studies were conducted using a quasi-experimental design to measure police presence. More specifically, we include research where police presence is depicted according to either targeted patrol practices, proactive/aggressive arrest projects, and /or comprehensive, integrating police strategies (i.e., community policing ). Our examination of the research literature leads us to conclude that police presence does have a strong impact on public fear reduction. In addition, proactive or/and community policing strategies appear to us to demonstrate the strongest impact on fear reduction among residents. Simultaneously, we found that public satisfaction is strongly associated with the success of a fear reduction program. In other words, a successful fear reduction program can increase public satisfaction with police services.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129577515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 108
An exploratory assessment of tittle's control balance theory: Results from the national youth survey 对小特尔控制平衡理论的探索性评价:来自全国青少年调查的结果
The Justice Professional Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08884310215666
M. Delisi, Andy Hochstetler
{"title":"An exploratory assessment of tittle's control balance theory: Results from the national youth survey","authors":"M. Delisi, Andy Hochstetler","doi":"10.1080/08884310215666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310215666","url":null,"abstract":"Charles Tittle's control balance theory states that deviant acts are the outcome of both insufficient and excessive control. Unfortunately, control balance theory is largely untested. In this study, data from the National Youth Study ( n =1,384) were used to investigate the effects of control imbalances at work and in relationships on autonomous and repressive forms of deviance. Findings are consistent with previous research. While control imbalances are significant predictors of deviance, they do not always operate as the initial statement of control balance theory predicts. The implications of our findings for control balance theories and future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115482258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
SAucier V. Katz, excessive force, and qualified immunity: A reason to believe in reasonableness SAucier V. Katz，过度使用武力和有条件豁免:相信合理性的理由
The Justice Professional Pub Date : 2002-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08884310215665
T. Hughes
{"title":"SAucier V. Katz, excessive force, and qualified immunity: A reason to believe in reasonableness","authors":"T. Hughes","doi":"10.1080/08884310215665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310215665","url":null,"abstract":"Civil liability is a concern of all police agencies. Since civil suits represent substantial potential negative consequences to criminal justice agencies, legal protections from law suits would seem to be of great importance to those working in the criminal justice system. Recently the Supreme Court of the United States decided the case of Saucier v. Katz (2001). This case addressed the issue of police immunity from a civil suit alleging use of excessive force. This article seeks to provide an examination of the case and the issues surrounding immunity.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123025879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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