The Justice Professional最新文献

{"title":"From the editor's desk","authors":"Roslyn Muraskin","doi":"10.1080/08884310215663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310215663","url":null,"abstract":"Michael L. Birzer and Michael J. Palmiotto discuss in their article, ‘‘Criminal Justice Education: Where Have We Been? And Where Are We Heading?’’ the fact that criminal justice education today, in the twenty-first century, has persistently become the education of choice for many aspiring and current practitioners in the criminal justice enterprise. They argue that in order to effectively prepare criminal justice practitioners that curriculum should be of a multi-disciplinary approach, including a balanced theoretical grounding. Theory and critical thinking skills remain important in the holistic development of criminal justice practitioners.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114278265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the editor's desk","authors":"Roslyn Muraskin","doi":"10.1080/0888431022000070412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0888431022000070412","url":null,"abstract":"This is the last edition of THE JUSTICE PROFESSIONAL in its present format. Starting with Volume 16 #1, we will be known as CRIMINAL JUSTICE STUDIES: A CRITICAL JOURNAL OF CRIME, LAW & SOCIETY, still published quarterly by Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, and refereed. We will be accepting articles that are both quantifiable and qualitative in all areas of criminal justice and related areas. See the back cover for further information. For the past decade, researchers have examined the differences between criminal justice and non-criminal justice students' attitudes to various criminal justice issues and problems. The one area left out, according to Christopher Hensley, Richard Tewksbury, Alexis Miller and Mary Koscheski, has been that of corrections. In their article, \"Criminal Justice and Non-Criminal Justice Students' Views of U.S. Correctional Issues\", using data collected from 570 students, they examine the difference in attitudes among criminal justice and non-criminal justice majors on various inmate related problems. Rick Ruddell and G. Larry Mays have co-authored an article entitled, \"Research Note: Using the NIJ Threat Level Scale to Classify Firearms Lethality\". Their study evaluates a modified National Institute of Justice (NIJ) body armor threat level scale as a method to classify the capacity for firearms lethality. Their study finds that the NIJ scale is a valid measure of classifying threat. The sovereignty of Native Americans makes Congress the ultimate arbitrator of Native American Affairs. In the work by Otis B. Grant, he points out that in any tribal criminal law enforcement action three distinct governments are involved: tribal, state and federal. He indicates in his article that to determine which government or governments has jurisdiction, police and prosecutors should conduct a three-step test to determine: (1) location of the crime; (2) supremacy of law issues; and (3) race of the offender and race of the victim. Identity theft is not what Hollywood has led us to believe. Or so says Katherine Slosarik in her work, \"Identity Theft: An Overview of the Problem\". It is not a James Bond type donning latex and wigs, essentially becoming someone else. The real identity theft is more subtle and far easier to accomplish. The identity thief does not even have to look like his/her victim. Only one thing is needed - a Social Security Number (SSN). In a special interview by Judith E. Sturges of Penn State at Fayette, Dr. Sturges has interviewed Dr. Kenneth Kerle, editor of the American Jails Magazine. The topic discussed is how the public's perception about the purpose of jails affects funding and programs. Dr. Kerle suggests that jail administrators take an active role in their communities to inform citizens about jail issues. Community support is needed as well in order to reduce the crime rates during the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131460548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the routine: Assessing the effectiveness of a multi-neighborhood anticrime initiative through qualitative interviewing","authors":"R. Zevitz","doi":"10.1080/08884310214025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310214025","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the evaluation of a key component of the comprehensive anticrime initiative currently undertaken in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Community Partners Program is the programmatic approach designed by the HIDTA/Safe and Sound Initiative to deal with crime and disorder in twenty of the highest crime, lowest income areas of the city. Quantitative data collection constraints favored the use of qualitative research for assessing the efficacy of the Community Partners' strategy in achieving desired results. Focus group interviewing, in particular, proved to be an effective method for conducting process-focused criminal justice evaluation research. Through systematic analysis of transcribed focus group interviews, the researcher was able to identify significant trends and patterns in the way participating residents related to the block-by-block organizing efforts and other crime prevention activities of the Community Partners. The evaluation indicates tangible benefits that neighborhood residents attribute to the program, the activities implemented, and the changes desired and achieved.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"31 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123188328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interview: Dr. Kenneth Kerle, Ph.D., editor of American jails magazine and author of American jails: Looking to the future","authors":"Judith E. Sturges","doi":"10.1080/0888431022000070467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0888431022000070467","url":null,"abstract":"In the past 30 years, Dr. Kerle has had extensive experience with jails both in the United States and abroad. In this interview, conducted by Judith Sturges, he discusses his perspectives about jails. He explains how he became involved with jails and describes how conditions have changed in these facilities during the past three decades. Dr. Kerle discusses how the public's perception about the purpose of jails affect funding and programs. Contrary to the public's belief, changes which address the human needs of inmates as well as foster justice and fairness have resulted due to direct supervision and better trained jail staff. Dr. Kerle suggests that jail administrators take an active role in their communities to inform citizens about jail issues. He also emphasizes that community support is needed so collaboration can begin between community groups and the jails in order to reduce crime rates during the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115560909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenge of collaboration: Information sharing between law enforcement and medical communities","authors":"Erika Gebo, John T. Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.1080/08884310212824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310212824","url":null,"abstract":"With the proliferation of community policing and public health initiatives, law enforcement and medical professions are increasingly converging on the common goal of prevention. Information sharing between these communities is seen as beneficial to that goal. Actual information exchange and collaboration between the communities, however, is rare. This paper examines barriers to collaboration drawing on current issues of law, technology, and culture. Successful examples of collaboration as well as prescriptions for further collaborative efforts are offered.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132508980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is cruel and unusual punishment? Federal courts and the proportionality principle after Harmelin v. Michigan","authors":"John A. Fliter","doi":"10.1080/08884310215662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310215662","url":null,"abstract":"In Harmelin v. Michigan , the Rehnquist Court weakened the concept of proportionality under the Eighth Amendment by applying a narrow scope of review and by urging substantial deference to state authority in criminal sentencing. This paper examines how the Court treated the proportionality principle in Harmelin and it reviews how lower federal courts have applied that precedent. The findings indicate that the Rehnquist Court was successful in limiting judicial review of prison sentences. In nearly every case, federal courts have rejected claims of disproportionate punishments under the Harmelin framework, but courts in three recent cases have found punishments to be grossly disproportionate to the crime.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130504210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women doctors and crime: A review of california physician sanctioning data 1990-1994","authors":"H. Lim","doi":"10.1080/08884310214024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310214024","url":null,"abstract":"This article evaluates the participation of women doctors prosecuted for physician-related violation and crimes in California during the 1990-1994 period. The first section emphasizes how opportunity has changed the way we study women and crime including their participation in white-collar crime. Section 2 provides an overview of the physician population including the occupational characteristics of women doctors in the United States. These figures support the influx of women into American medical schools and the profession. Section 3 and Section 4 focuses on methodology and the interpretation of the data set. Research is based on the original data collected by Public Citizens group published in the 1996 edition of Questionable Doctors . Generalizations are limited but the data are useful in comparing sanctioning rates and varieties of female and male physician-related offenses. The final section discusses the propriety of female physicians as an object of criminological research, and explains how female and male physicians may differ in their approach to medicine.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133329240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black and white violence in Britain: The articulation of race in popular and criminal justice discourses","authors":"Anita Kalunta-Crumpton","doi":"10.1080/08884310212827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310212827","url":null,"abstract":"Through the theme of violence, this paper identifies how popular racial symbols in British society intersect with the way court cases are discerned and elucidated beyond the legal context of perception and interpretation. The intersection is illuminated through the racial dichotomy that underpins popular and criminal justice representations of 'acts of violence' by black 1 and white males. As a guide to a clearer insight into the role of the court in reproducing and sustaining racial images of violence, the paper firstly reflects on the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry of 1998/9.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124348237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternatives to delinquency in Harlem: A study of faith-based community mentoring","authors":"D. Irwin","doi":"10.1080/08884310212823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310212823","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a faith-based initiative known as the Blue Nile Rites of Passage program (BNROP), that includes a mentoring component for 11-15 years old children. Harlem's Abyssinian Baptist Church in New York City introduced the program in 1993. The article presents the use of mentoring in a faith-based setting as a tool for the prevention of delinquency and drug use. The results from the BNROP program were compared to those offered in an U.S. Department of Justice crime prevention report (Sherman et al. , 1997) that purported the value of community-based mentoring. Further tests of the effectiveness of the Harlem church's approach awaits anticipated studies on the effects of newly implemented government funded faith-based initiatives.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"97-98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121246802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the climate for hate crime reporting in law enforcement organizations: A force-field analysis","authors":"J. Nolan, Y. Akiyama","doi":"10.1080/08884310214028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08884310214028","url":null,"abstract":"The passage of the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 resulted in the creation of a new crime category within law enforcement. Linking the collection of national hate crime data to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program required changes in policy and action within thousands of police organizations throughout the United States. The commitment to make these changes and the speed to which one might expect them to occur are a function of the forces, both internal and external, that affect attitudes and behaviors relative to this change. A survey instrument was developed to examine these forces and the extent to which they exist in four police jurisidictions from different regions of the country. Two of these organizations collect hate crime data and two do not. We found that each of the four agencies had its own unique \"field of forces\" affecting attitudes and behaviors regarding hate crime. The study provides both a method of inquiry and important direction to justice professionals who seek to facilitate organizational change within law enforcement toward more active involvement in hate crime data collection.","PeriodicalId":335157,"journal":{"name":"The Justice Professional","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121581982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}