Eastern Review最新文献_第3页

Introduction 介绍

Eastern Review Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.18778/1427-9657.09.01

Alicja Stępień-Kuczyńska, M. Słowikowski

引用次数: 0

The cybersecurity of Georgia and threats from Russia 格鲁吉亚的网络安全与俄罗斯的威胁

Eastern Review Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.18778/1427-9657.09.07

V. Maisaia, Alika Guchua, Thornike Zedelashvili

{"title":"The cybersecurity of Georgia and threats from Russia","authors":"V. Maisaia, Alika Guchua, Thornike Zedelashvili","doi":"10.18778/1427-9657.09.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.09.07","url":null,"abstract":"The world is living in a state of constant psychological warfare, technological advances and development; in the 21st century Internet governance has become a puzzle for scientists and practitioners. Virtual warfare is an alternative to real warfare, one of the biggest threats to global security. In discussing the issue, we must consider the capabilities of the world’s leading countries, and first of all, identify the threat posed by Russia, which is the core of unpredictable aggression. This state is trying to influence almost the whole world with large-scale cyber-hacking attacks and continuous disinformation and fake news. Today it is difficult to find out where the theoretical war begins and where the practical military aggression ends, so new research, recommendations, scientific papers, and defence strategies are needed. Defensive mechanisms are created for cyber-attacks and this is always followed by more powerful attacks; that is why NATO enacted Article 5 of the Washington Treaty or the principle of “collective defence.” The article discusses Russia’s aggressive policy towards Georgia during and after the Russian-Georgian war in August 2008. The features of the Russian hybrid war and cyber attacks are discussed.","PeriodicalId":33400,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46032104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Russia’s hybrid invasion in Belarus during the presidential election campaign 2020 俄罗斯在2020年总统竞选期间对白俄罗斯的混合入侵

Eastern Review Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.18778/1427-9657.09.08

A. Ilyina

{"title":"Russia’s hybrid invasion in Belarus during the presidential election campaign 2020","authors":"A. Ilyina","doi":"10.18778/1427-9657.09.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.09.08","url":null,"abstract":"There are various instruments for Russia to have influence on its neighbours, such as using opinion leaders (authorities), intellectuals, and journalists to create a favourable informational context or to place the ordered materials in the media so as to have an impact on public opinion. These are the types of information attacks that can lead to the loss of statehood or the substantial limitation of sovereignty. This hybrid aggression strives to precisely this result. The main questions are: how the Russian information space, mud-slinging and troll farms functioned in Belarus during the presidential election? How the fake news which is produced in Russia impacts societies? Which political scenarios appeared in Belarus following Russia’s informational influence? It is a fact that today the Russian authorities use tools of fake news and propaganda; combined with the extra possibilities of social media. The appearance of fake news is connected with national safety because they jeopardize democratic institutions, lead to the radicalization of society, and change the balance of authority. In the research, the methodologies were used from the sociology of communication, political science and content analysis.","PeriodicalId":33400,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47303388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Old and New Uzbekistan – A comparative essay on the last years of Islam Karimov’s reign and Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s presidency 新旧乌兹别克斯坦-一篇关于伊斯兰·卡里莫夫统治的最后几年和沙夫卡特·米尔济约耶夫总统任期的比较文章

Eastern Review Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.18778/1427-9657.08.11

Krystian Pachucki-Włosek

引用次数: 0

Vectors of development in higher education of Russia and Belarus: A comparative approach 俄罗斯和白俄罗斯高等教育发展的载体:比较方法

Eastern Review Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.18778/1427-9657.08.09

L. Titarenko

{"title":"Vectors of development in higher education of Russia and Belarus: A comparative approach","authors":"L. Titarenko","doi":"10.18778/1427-9657.08.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.08.09","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the sphere of higher education in two former Soviet countries: Russia and Belarus . It is aimed to compare the systems of higher education in these countries under the angle of global and regional challenges . The article is based on national statistics from both states and survey data . The author analyses the ways that each of the countries’ practices to increase its educational competitiveness on the global level and adapt to the market conditions . It is described that both countries use such mechanisms in the sphere of higher education as an educational service for foreign students and membership in the educational associations (European and Eurasian) . The scale of the systems of higher education and their potential are described to explain the similarities and differences between the two countries. Three types of educational integration are described . The article concludes that the system of higher education in Belarus is currently developing in a way that differs from Russia and its achievements are much smaller; at the same time, regardless of the declarations on the necessity of internationalisation, current development leads Belarus further away from the European education system, while also not make it closer to Russia . A lack of resources and political dominance over the educational goals make the Belarusian system of higher education not as attractive for students as the Russian one .","PeriodicalId":33400,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44192443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subnational actors in the relations between China and Central and Eastern European countries 中国与中东欧国家关系中的地方行为体

Eastern Review Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.18778/1427-9657.08.10

Hongfei Gu

引用次数: 0

The impact of foreign direct investment and venture capital investment on entrepreneurship in the Republic of Serbia 外国直接投资和风险资本投资对塞尔维亚共和国创业的影响

Eastern Review Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.18778/1427-9657.08.01

Ivana Jolović, Alpar Lošonc

{"title":"The impact of foreign direct investment and venture capital investment on entrepreneurship in the Republic of Serbia","authors":"Ivana Jolović, Alpar Lošonc","doi":"10.18778/1427-9657.08.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.08.01","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the research is the examination of features and significance of two modern types of investment intended for financing entrepreneurship: that is, foreign direct investment and venture capital investment. The starting point of the study is the sector of small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurs with all the challenges and opportunities that characterize its financial position in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of this research is to analyse the impact of both direct investment and entrepreneurial capital investment on small businesses, or more precisely, to examine the influence of foreign direct investment and venture capital investment on entrepreneurship. This paper focuses on the impact that these types of financing have on management, financial stability, and the performance of the relevant business entities. Furthermore, the current situation and perspectives of these types of financing are analysed in detail. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the effects that foreign direct and venture capital investments have on Serbian small and medium-sized enterprises and the entrepreneurial sector, as well as to point to what is currently the more favourable solution for the financing problem with which these entities are faced. The following methods are used for the preparation of this paper: a detailed analysis of the content of European and national statistical reports; available national and foreign literature of international and domestic authors in the field of foreign direct investment, venture capital investment and entrepreneurship; descriptive and comparative methods.","PeriodicalId":33400,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49612225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The negative implications of Russia’s doping scandal on the country’s international image 俄罗斯兴奋剂丑闻对该国国际形象的负面影响

Eastern Review Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.18778/1427-9657.08.07

Anna Kobierecka, M. Kobierecki

引用次数: 1

The social policy of Belarus and the development of human potential: Problems and solutions 白俄罗斯的社会政策与人类潜力的开发：问题和解决办法

Eastern Review Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.18778/1427-9657.08.14

E. Rezanova

{"title":"The social policy of Belarus and the development of human potential: Problems and solutions","authors":"E. Rezanova","doi":"10.18778/1427-9657.08.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.08.14","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the directions and mechanisms of adapting the social policy of Belarus to the demographic, migration, communication and technological challenges of modern society. The purpose of the article is to search for social policy mechanisms aimed at developing human potential and stimulating the social activity of citizens. The author analyses the directions of the state’s social policy in the absence of the reproduction of labor resources, an increase in the demographic burden on the ablebodied population, an uneven distribution of labor resources, the emigration of skilled personnel, growth in automation and robotization of production, and a growing need to build effective communication between the government and the population. The article provides an extensive analysis of statistical information, sociological research data, the legislative framework, methods and social technologies of social policy. \u0000As a result of the study the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to search for new mechanisms for implementing social policy in various fields. Therefore, in the field of demography, it is advisable to search for indirect measures to increase social guarantees for women in order to stimulate fertility, and transform the pension system in order to reduce the demographic burden on the working population. In the field of migration, it is advisable to take government action to prevent the outflow of highly qualified specialists abroad and to return of students who have received education abroad. In the field of social and labor relations existing personnel technologists should be improved and objective methods for evaluating the effectiveness of employees based on a competency-based approach should be introduced. In the field of communication between society and the state it is necessary to inform the public about the current state policy and to organize public discussions of the state initiatives before making them.","PeriodicalId":33400,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47295577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability and economic freedom in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Quantitative analysis 中欧和东欧国家的稳定和经济自由:定量分析

Eastern Review Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.18778/1427-9657.08.06

A. Karateev

{"title":"Stability and economic freedom in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Quantitative analysis","authors":"A. Karateev","doi":"10.18778/1427-9657.08.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.08.06","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring the stability of states and political systems is of interest to scientists and politicians all around the world. One of the most important questions in this field is the question of the relationship between stability and freedom. \u0000This paper considers the relationship between economic freedom and stability with regards to the example of countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The study uses quantitative analysis and the operationalisation of economic freedom through the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF); furthermore, stability is studied through the Fragile States Index (FSI), and the Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism Index (PSI). \u0000The analysis reveals a strong correlation between economic freedom and stability. According to linear regression models obtained by the author, economic freedom has a strong impact on stability. Models show that most of the components of IEF increase stability, whilst some components decrease it. This means that the same factors affect economic freedom and stability in different ways. In particular, taxes have a very positive effect on stability. At the same it is obvious that taxes reduce economic freedom. This fact allows us to resolve the existing contradictions among politicians and scientists, who differently assess the impact of economic freedom on stability. It may be stated that whilst economic freedom has in general a strong positive effect on stability, it can also have a negative effect.","PeriodicalId":33400,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0