Iraqi National journal of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Human Astrovirus among Children with Cancer in Basrah","authors":"Morroge Jassim Dr, Janan Hasan prof, H. Hasony","doi":"10.37319/iqnjm.1.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37319/iqnjm.1.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The impairment of the T-lymphocyte system leads to reduced viral clearance, resulting in intensified disease and the possibility of prolonged infection.(2) The poor functioning of B lymphocytes makes the host susceptible to bacterial and viral infections, especially in cases of malignant disease.\u0000Aim of the study. The present study set out to determine the frequency of human astrovirus infection among patients who suffered from malignancies who were being treated in the Oncology Center of the Basrah Children’s Specialty Hospital.\u0000Patients and Method. A cross-sectional study was approved for a population of children with cancers during the period from October 1, 2015 through the end of January, 2016. Forty-five children (24 females and 21 males), all with cancers, were admitted to the Oncology Center of Basrah Children’s Specialty Hospital. Their ages ranged from under 1 year to 15 years. According to the results of a specially designed questionnaire, data were obtained from patients who were either symptomatic or asymptomatic for human astrovirus infections, including 3 newly diagnosed cases (before chemotherapy) and 38 cases (during chemotherapy), with the remaining 4 cases admitted after chemotherapy. Ninety stool samples were collected at day 0 and day 4 after admission, and all were tested using astrovirus antigen enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) kits (EIA-4456). \u0000Results. On both days, the rate of astrovirus infections was 15.6% in the hospitalized children with cancers, and there were no statically significant differences between hematological malignancies and solid tumors (P value was 0.857). Among hematological malignancies, astrovirus was detected at a significant rate (the P value was 0.0001) in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, while patients with solid tumors exhibited significant expression of rhabdomyosarcoma (the P value was 0.001). \u0000Astrovirus infection was more prevalent in females (85.8%) than in males (the P value was 0.001). Infection was most prevalent in the age group of >1–5 years (57%), and most of the infected patients (85.8%) were from rural areas (the P value was 0.012). In most of the symptomatic infected cases (71.4%) the symptom was acute diarrhea (the P value was 0.05), and this was typically during chemotherapy.\u0000Conclusion. Astrovirus infections occur at significant rates in acute myeloblastic leukemia, among hematological malignancies, and in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, in the solid-tumor category. Therefore, astrovirus screening should be done for all children with cancers, and especially for patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia or rhabdomyosarcoma. \u0000Keywords: Cancer in children, human astrovirus","PeriodicalId":333401,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National journal of Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130551579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GHB Dependent Changes in PEA-15 Gene Expression in Different Human Cell Lines","authors":"A. Abdullah, E. Ellis","doi":"10.37319/iqnjm.1.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37319/iqnjm.1.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is found to be present endogenously in mammalian brains. It has been abused increasingly in recent years, particularly in date rape sexual assaults. Metabolism of GHB happens very rapidly; it disappears within 12 hours, making its detection in criminal cases very complicated.\u0000Aim. This study intended to determine whether PEA-15 gene expression in human cell lines can be used as a marker for expanding the window of GHB detection beyond 12 hours. \u0000Methods. The effects of GHB on cell viability was determined by use of the MTT assay. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blots were used to assess the effect of GHB exposure on PEA-15 mRNA and protein levels respectively in human brain and blood cells. \u0000Results. The viability of human brain cells was decreased as GHB concentrations increased. PEA-15 mRNA levels increased in 1321N1 and SH-SY5Y cells by 4.2- and 3.7-fold respectively, after a 100 µM GHB treatment (p<0.01 both), but with no change at 1µM GHB. However, PEA-15 mRNA levels were increased significantly in THP-1 cells by 40.8-fold after a 10 µM GHB treatment (p<0.01), but with no change at 900 µM GHB. PEA-15 protein expression levels were increased in THP-1 cells by 1.9- and 1.6-fold (p<0.001) after 10µM and 900µM GHB treatments respectively, and increased in SH-SY5Y cells by 1.6-fold (p<0.05) after a 100 µM GHB treatment. However, there were no changes in PEA-15 protein levels in SH-SY5Y cells after 24 hours of GHB exposure.\u0000Conclusion. The results of this study on human cell lines support the previous study in mice, which suggests PEA-15 levels as a possible surrogate marker for GHB administration beyond 12 hours. Additional studies are required.\u0000Keywords. GHB, PEA-15, SH-SY5Y cells, SH-SY5Y cells, and THP-1 cells.","PeriodicalId":333401,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National journal of Medicine","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122440814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repair of Fingertip Defect Using an Anterograde Pedicle Flap Based on the Dorsal Perforator","authors":"Afrah Ahmed Dr, Sabah Naji Dr","doi":"10.37319/iqnjm.1.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37319/iqnjm.1.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The hand is the most frequently injured body part. Injuries to the fingertips are among the most common hand injuries. In this article an anterograde pedicle flap based on the dorsal branches of proper digital artery from the dorsum of the middle phalanx was used to reconstruct the fingertip defect as described by Peng Wei MD in a single stage to provide a durable, sensate coverage with the least possible complications.\u0000Aim of study. To introduce and assess the result and long term follow up of using an anterograde pedicle flap based on the dorsal branches of proper digital artery from the dorsum of middle phalanx.\u0000Patients and method. A total of twelve male patients were presented to us between November 2016 and January 2018. All of them had history of fingertip injuries and had undergone reconstruction using anterograde pedicle flap based on the dorsal branches of proper digital artery from the dorsum of the middle phalanx” the period of follow up ranged from one month to six months with an average of three months.\u0000Result. In this study 12 patients presented with fingertip defect were surgically treated by using an anterograde pedicle flap based on the dorsal perforator. All the patient had satisfactory result with good pliable contour coverage of their injured fingertip with no restriction of finger movements.\u0000Conclusion. The use of anterograde island flap based on the dorsal branches of proper digital artery from the dorsum of middle phalanx is suitable for reconstruction of fingertip defects of various amputation planes, it provided good contour texture with preservation of digital artery and nerve, it also provides patient with acceptable fingertip appearance.One of the major drawbacks of this procedure is that it requires tedious and meticulous dissection and that donor site requires full-thickness skin graft, which leads to donor site morbidity and scarring.\u0000Keywords.","PeriodicalId":333401,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National journal of Medicine","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122616833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wide-Awake Flexor Tendon Repair Under Tumescent Injection","authors":"Hanan Abid Dr, Sabah Naji Dr","doi":"10.37319/IQNJM.1.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37319/IQNJM.1.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Flexor tendon injuries are frequent, due to variable hand\u0000activities, and the repair is challenging to hand surgeons, especially in zone II,\u0000because of the coexistence of two tendons within a tight fibro-osseous tunnel.\u0000Flexor tendon repair under tumescent infiltration provides anesthesia and a\u0000bloodless field, so that no tourniquet or sedation is needed.\u0000Aim of study. The goal of this study was to identify a surgical adjustment\u0000and intraoperative total active movement examination of the repaired tendon\u0000so that no gapping is formed, and smooth gliding is obtained, avoiding tendon\u0000rupture and producing an optimal range of motion.\u0000Patients and method. From January 2016 to April 2017, 9 patients (17\u0000tendons), with a mean age of 31.8 years, presented within 3 to 14 days of\u0000injury to zone I or zone II of their flexor tendons. Tendon repair was done\u0000under tumescent infiltration (lidocaine 1% with adrenaline 1:200,000) only,\u0000with no tourniquet or sedation, and with an intraoperative total active\u0000movement examination.\u0000Result. After 6 months of follow up, all the patients had excellent range of\u0000motion according to the Boyes outcome scale, and none showed signs of\u0000postoperative tendon rupture.\u0000Conclusion. Tumescent infiltration for flexor tendon repair allows\u0000intraoperative surgical adjustment and total active movement examination,\u0000which will minimize postoperative rupture and adhesion. This procedure will\u0000also facilitate the surgeon’s work by eliminating the need for general\u0000anesthesia or sedation; however, this procedure is not applicable for children,\u0000major trauma, or those who are mentally challenged.","PeriodicalId":333401,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National journal of Medicine","volume":"27 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132969604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Sewage Workers’ Exposure to Hazardous Materials in Iraq","authors":"Estabraq Abdul Rasool Kwaeri Al-wasiti Prof","doi":"10.37319/iqnjm.1.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37319/iqnjm.1.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sewage workers, who maintain the sewage system and provide an essential service for public health protection, may come in direct contact with sewage hazards, which then may induce DNA damage and oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to assess the level of nitric oxide, homocysteine, 8-OHdG, and vitamins A & E in the plasma of sewage workers for different periods of exposure. \u0000Results: Nitric oxide, vitamin A, and vitamin E showed significant reduction in sewage workers when compared with a non-exposed control group. However, homocysteine and 8-OHdG levels were increased in sewage workers when compared with the non-exposed control group. \u0000Conclusions: Sewage workers are exposed, through different pathways, to a variety of toxicants that cause an increase in homocysteine. Homocysteine, in turn, increased the DNA oxidative damage by increasing the concentration of 8-OHdG and decreasing nitric oxide and vitamins E & A through a decrease in the antioxidant and an increase in oxidative damage.\u0000Key words: sewage hazards, nitric oxide, homocysteine, 8-OHdG, vitamins E & A","PeriodicalId":333401,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National journal of Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127448643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-war environmental pollution as a risk factor of congenital disorders in Iraq: A study review","authors":"M. Dr","doi":"10.37319/iqnjm.2.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37319/iqnjm.2.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several years of war with the recent terrorist conflicts have cumulatively affected Iraq’s land, air, water, and health infrastructure, and a substantial rise in the incidence of congenital defects has been reported in the period following the Gulf War in 1991, which was principally accredited to the environmental contamination by depleted uranium.\u0000Aim: The aim is to review some published works of literature that are specifically concerned with environmental pollution after the war in Iraq as a possible risk factor for developmental disorders.\u0000Patients and Methods: In addition to the published articles, this review includes a direct descriptive data of congenital anomalies, which was obtained from Al-Khansaa, Al-Salaam, Al-Batool Teaching Hospitals of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and General Mosul Hospital in Mosul city over a period of 12 months, starting from October 2017 to October 2018. \u0000Results: All of the research related to this topic were discussed, and most of them revealed that a higher incidence of congenital disorders was detected among people exposed directly or indirectly to post-war environmental pollution by depleted uranium (DU) and other chemical constituents. From the analysis of the scientific publications, we observed that Basrah, Baghdad, Falluja, Mosul and Al-Anbar are predominantly affected by war contamination. The study revealed that there were 317 cases of birth defects out of the 44,372 newborns delivered over a period of one year after war in Mosul; thus, the overall percentage of congenital disorders was 0.71%, and defects of the nervous system were the most prominent, among which anencephaly was the predominant condition. The highest percentage of anomalies was detected in the maternal age of 21–26 and more in female newborns.\u0000Conclusion: We must decrease parental exposure to the possible teratogens through prenatal counseling and public education about the penalties of environmental pollution in order to arrange practical guidelines for public health and to alleviate the outcome of pregnancy.\u0000\u0000Keywords: pollution, congenital, post-war,environmental, review","PeriodicalId":333401,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National journal of Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123088710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effect of Axillary Lymph Node Involvement\u0000and Dissection in the Development of Post-Mastectomy\u0000Lymphedema","authors":"Ahmed N. Abdulnabi, Issam Merdan Prof.","doi":"10.37319/iqnjm1.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37319/iqnjm1.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lymphedema of the upper extremity is a serious consequence of\u0000breast cancer surgery. Postmastectomy lymphedema of the upper limb is\u0000usually related to many risk factors, like axillary surgery, radiotherapy, venous\u0000obstruction, obesity, and infection. In the current study, the objective was to\u0000identify the relationship between the extent of lymph node involvement and\u0000axillary dissection on the development of lymphedema.\u0000Patients and methods: One hundred and seventy patients managed by\u0000modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection for mammary-invasive\u0000adenocarcinoma between January 2009 and December 2016 in Al-Fayhaa\u0000Teaching Hospital. The patients were divided into three groups according to\u0000the number of lymph nodes involvd, by pathology. The patients had been\u0000followed up for at least two years and assessed by standard lymphedema\u0000assessment, then categorized into three groups, according to the severity of\u0000lymphedema.\u0000Results: After the analysis of patient parameters, the highest age group was\u000036–45 years. More than 60% of the patients had 4–9 lymph nodes involved.\u0000Forty-one patients from the 170 developed lymphedema postoperatively. Forty\u0000patients had seroma and twenty-one patients had wound infection\u0000postoperatively.\u0000Conclusion: Post-mastectomy lymphedema is a sequelae of disease process\u0000related to the extent of lymph-node involvement and resection rather than\u0000operative fault.\u0000Key words: breast cancer, mastectomy, lymphedema.","PeriodicalId":333401,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National journal of Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125806059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction Due to Intussusception: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"Sadik Kadhem, Omer Salman","doi":"10.37319/iqnjm.1.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37319/iqnjm.1.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Intussusception is a very rare cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction, particularly in preterm neonates. This rarity may lead to a significant delay in diagnosis. We present a case report of ileo-ileal intussusception occurring in a preterm neonate. Intussusception should be suspected in any neonate suffering from intestinal obstruction. Performing an abdominal ultrasound may confirm the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":333401,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National journal of Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115691344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Predicts Peptic Ulcer in Patients Referred for Endoscopy?","authors":"Omran Habib prof., R. Abdul-Wahab","doi":"10.37319/iqnjm.1.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37319/iqnjm.1.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Peptic ulcers and other gastric lesions are significant\u0000medical conditions. Endoscopy is one useful diagnostic tool, the use of\u0000which is dependent on patient selection.\u0000Objectives: This study attempts to explore how predictive selected\u0000symptoms may be, along with their characteristics in diagnosing peptic\u0000ulcers and other gastric lesions in patients undergoing endoscopy.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 152 patients\u0000referred to the endoscopic unit at Al-Sadr teaching hospital in Basrah.\u0000The patients were carefully interviewed to determine clinical and\u0000sociodemographic characteristics. They were subjected to endoscopic\u0000examination by a specialist physician, and their results were recorded\u0000on the same information sheet. Data were analyzed using the\u0000Statistical Package for Social Science, version 20.\u0000Results: Given the complexity of the risk factors, clinical\u0000manifestations and diagnostic techniques, it seems difficult to predict\u0000which patients are likely to have peptic ulcers and which are not. In\u0000this study, only self-reported stress and H pylori infection were found\u0000to significantly predict the likelihood of peptic ulcers among patients\u0000subjected to endoscopic examination.\u0000Conclusions: Patients subjected to endoscopy are expected to have a\u0000variety of gastric lesions, including peptic ulcer. A substantial\u0000proportion of these patients were entirely lesion free.\u0000Key words: Prediction, peptic ulcer, Basrah, endoscopy","PeriodicalId":333401,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi National journal of Medicine","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134151104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}