Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Bottom Sediments Physicochemical Characteristics on Distribution of Microelements in the Crimean Shelf Water Areas","authors":"E. A. Kotelyanets, K. Gurov","doi":"10.22449/2413-5577-2020-4-117-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-4-117-129","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of studies of the Kalamitsky Bay bottom sediments pollution level with microelements and heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V, As, Sr, Ti, Fe, Mn) in comparison with the content of these microelements and heavy metals in the Balaklava Bay sediments. The paper analyzes data obtained during expeditions on the R/V Professor Vodyanitsky in the Kalamitsky Gulf in August 2011 (seaward part) and on the R/V Rioni in September 2012 (coastal area) as well as in the Balaklava Bay in October 2018. Content of microelements and heavy metals in bottom sediments of the studied water areas was determined by the X-ray fluorescence method using Spectroscan MAX-G device. For the water area of the Kalamitsky Gulf, the features of the studied trace element spatial distribution are considered, groups of trace elements with different spatial distribution patterns are identified. The correlation analysis determined influence of physicochemical characteristics of the sediments on distribution and accumulation of trace elements. In the water area of the Kalamitsky Gulf, a statistically significant correlation was observed of nickel, iron and zinc content with the clay fraction; dependance of increased concentrations of zinc, nickel and chrome on the content of organic carbon and predominance of lead in highcarbonate sediments. For the Balaklava Bay, the maximum positive values of correlations with the pelitic-silty fraction were noted for iron, manganese, vanadium and chrome; organic carbon correlates with chrome, iron, nickel and copper, whereas carbonates correlate with strontium. Similar patterns were observed earlier in the Sevastopol region bays, Feodosiya Gulf and Kerch Strait.","PeriodicalId":332238,"journal":{"name":"Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132246503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Reed Vegetation Area in the Sivash Gulf (Sea of Azov) according to Satellite Data","authors":"E. Eremina, E. Sovga, S. Stanichny, V. Mikhailov","doi":"10.22449/2413-5577-2020-4-54-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-4-54-65","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes peculiarities of formation of the Sivash Gulf coastal area, which manifest at the moment as a combination of abrasive and accumulation processes. The paper gives more details about vegetation coasts (a special coast type related to a specific sedimentation type) defined by reed vegetation development, which is prevalent near clough entries in apexes of ingressive gulfs and “secondary” lagoons. Using data of digital multizonal satellites Landsat 5 and 7 as well as Sentinel-2 L1C, the paper considers dynamics (2014–2020) of reed coast areas in the East and South Sivash after damming the North Crimean Canal in 2014 as a consequence thereof and related increase of salinity in the gulf water area. For comparison, the paper analyzes dynamics of vegetation coast spread as a result of the canal functioning, also reed vegetation area growth up to the 1990s is considered. The ecological role of reed vegetation as a distinctive biotope is shown. It is emphasized that damming of the North Crimean Canal not only led to changes of the gulf salinity regime but also affected its entire ecosystem, including the reed coast, formation of which was promoted by increase of fresh water volume in the gulf water balance. Impact of the North Crimean Canal and its damming in 2014 on change of the reed vegetation area in the East and South Sivash was estimated using satellite data. At the studied zone of Prisivashie, flood plain areas shrank most of all in the Knyazevsky and Balaganovsky Gulfs as well as near the Alekseevskaya extinct lake in the South Sivash. In the Rogachinsky Gulf, despite discontinued drainage, influence of waste waters remains significant. Therefore, reed communities have preserved here best. It is shown that for some water areas shrinkage of areas populated by reed vegetation can considerably slow down provided there are local p ermanent or periodic fresh water sources, e. g. waste waters coming from settlements.","PeriodicalId":332238,"journal":{"name":"Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133639693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of the Coastal Current Direction Bimodality at the Southern Coast of Crimea in 2002–2008","authors":"A. S. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.22449/2413-5577-2020-4-78-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-4-78-88","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at improvement of knowledge about the structure of bimodal distribution of coastal current direction repeatability at Cape Kikineiz of the Southern coast of Crimea as per monitoring data obtained at the stationary oceanographic platform of the Black Sea hydrophysical sub-satellite testing area of the MHI RAS. Used for monitoring, a vertical measuring antenna with a fixed aperture of Euler testers of the current horizontal component provided verifiable and synchronic isolation of the current's structural characteristics with a vertical velocity shift and multiscale coherent oscillations of the current. New results of analysis of in situ data are presented regarding characteristics of the coastal current and its variability. The data were obtained within the period from November 2001 to 2008. Change patterns of the long-term coastal current regime are noted. The current's characteristics are matched to the results obtained at Cape Kikineiz of the Southern coast of Crimea for the period from September 2008 to 2019. Regular intense oscillations of the coastal current at the local inertial (17 hrs) and daily component as well as current oscillations with a period of 11.6 day are defined. Evolution is analyzed of probability density distribution of the velocity module and current vector direction after calculations, during which a corresponding vector distribution of intensive inertial-gravitational, mesoscale and synoptic oscillations was excluded in the original vector series of dynamics using a digital filtration method. When excluding the contribution of daily and inertial oscillations, the backward and primary mode ratio in the histograms of the coastal current direction repeatability decreases by more than three times. When excluding the contribution of mesoscale and synoptical oscillations, the backward mode of current is almost absent and there exists only a large-scale coastal current coinciding with a cyclonic direction of the coastal edge of the Black Sea Rim Current. Bimodal distribution of the coastal current direction repeatability is a result of superposition of velocity vectors of a large-scale current and variable contribution of existing orbital velocities of multiscale wave and vortex formations present in the coastal-shelf area.","PeriodicalId":332238,"journal":{"name":"Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125999391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Seasonal Hypoxia and Hydrogen Sulphide Formation in the Bottom Waters of the Sevastopol Bay in 2009–2019","authors":"S. Kondratev, A. Vidnichuk","doi":"10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-107-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-107-121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":332238,"journal":{"name":"Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126169553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of the Concentration of Suspended Matter in the Upper Layer of the Sea of Azov Based on a Variational Algorithm for Assimilation of Measurement Data","authors":"V. S. Kochergin, S. Kochergin","doi":"10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-17-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-17-27","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to test the variation algorithm and create a program code for assimilation of the measured concentration of suspended matter. The paper considers an example of variational assimilation of data on the concentration of suspended matter in the upper layer of the Azov Sea. The most up-to-date information is received from satellites, but it often contains omissions due to various reasons, including the scattering effect of clouds. Therefore, taking into account satellite information, a model solution was developed from which measurement data with omissions were selected. This information simulated presence of clouds. The numerical implementation of the passive impurity transport model used the results of calculations based on the dynamic model of the Sea of Azov, gradient methods for minimizing the forecast quality function, and the solution of an adjoint problem for constructing its gradient in the parameter space. When implementing the variation procedure, integration is performed of the main and adjoint tasks as well as the task in variations. The last is necessary for determining the iterative parameter when performing a gradient descent. Integration problems are solved using TVD approximations. As a result of numerical experiments, the reliable operation of the procedure under the specified conditions is shown, which allows to restore the initial field with good accuracy. The implemented variational algorithm for assimilation of measurement data can be applied to identify the input parameters of numerical modeling based on information distributed over time and space to solve various environmental problems.","PeriodicalId":332238,"journal":{"name":"Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126026093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content of Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in the Dnieper-Bug Bottom Sediments","authors":"E. A. Kotelyanets, T. Khmara","doi":"10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-140-151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-140-151","url":null,"abstract":"Представлены результаты содержания микроэлементов (As, Ti) и тяжелых металлов (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V, Sr, Fe, Mn) в поверхностном слое донных отложений акватории Днепро-Бугского лимана с учетом их гранулометрического состава. Анализ полученных результатов позволил выделить зоны повышенного содержания данных микроэлементов и тяжелых металлов в донных отложениях исследуемой акватории. Исходя из особенностей пространственного распределения элементов, выделены две группы: в акватории Бугского лимана определены максимальные концентрации Cr, Co, Sr, Zn, V, Ti, а в западной части Днепро-Бугского лимана – максимальные концентрации Cu, Fe, Mn. Пробы донных отложений были отобраны в верхнем слое осадков Днепро-Бугского лимана в сентябре 2007 г. во время гидролого-гидрохимической съемки. Содержание микроэлементов и тяжелых металлов в донных отложениях определяли с помощью рентгенофлуоресцентного метода анализа. Проведена оценка уровня загрязнения донных отложений микроэлементами и тяжелыми металлами путем сравнения с загрязненностью ранее изученных мелководных акваторий (Севастопольская и Балаклавская бухты). Рассмотрены особенности пространственного распределения микроэлементов и тяжелых металлов в донных осадках Днепро-Бугского лимана с учетом динамики его водных масс, которая отличается исключительной сложностью.","PeriodicalId":332238,"journal":{"name":"Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125764926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second-Phase Eutrophication of the Black Sea Shelf","authors":"O. Yunev","doi":"10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-80-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-80-91","url":null,"abstract":"Целью настоящей работы является исследование возможных механизмов эвтрофикации черноморского шельфа. Данное исследование базировалось на анализе результатов долговременных изменений индикаторов эвтрофикации (фосфатов, нитратов и кислорода) и проводилось для разных слоев моря с осреднением данных для различных временных интервалов: концентрации биогенных веществ в поверхностном слое (январь – март), кислорода в поверхностном слое и слое под термоклином (май – сентябрь). Данные по изменению содержания кислорода в двух слоях были использованы в качестве косвенного показателя изменения летней первичной продукции в зоне фотосинтеза. Концентрация биогенных веществ на северо-западном шельфе в зимний период характеризовалась постепенным увеличением в 1970-х – первой половине 1980-х гг., уменьшением во второй половине 1980-х и стабилизацией в 1990-х гг. В то же время синхронные изменения содержания кислорода в поверхностном слое и слое под термоклином свидетельствовали об увеличении летней первичной продукции вплоть до начала 1990-х гг. Анализ этих результатов выявил, что в эвтрофикации черноморского шельфа можно выделить два этапа. С начала 1970-х до первой половины 1980-х гг. основным источником эвтрофирования шельфа было необычно интенсивное поступление биогенных веществ в море с речным стоком. Во второй половине 1980-х и начале 1990-х гг., когда поступление биогенных веществ в море со стоком рек стабилизировалось, источником эвтрофирования черноморского шельфа стали регенерированные биогенные элементы, поступавшие в водную толщу из донных отложений. Ключевые слова : черноморский шельф, индикаторы эвтрофикации, долговременные изменения, этапы эвтрофикации. Благодарности : работа выполнена по теме государственного задания ФИЦ ИнБЮМ РАН No AAAA-A18-18021490093-4 («Функциональные, метаболические и токсикологические аспекты существования гидробионтов и их популяций в биотопах с различным физико-химическим режимом»). Автор выражает благодарность за ценные замечания по работе, сделанные д. г. н. Еленой Евгеньевной Совгой, ведущим научным сотрудником МГИ РАН. Для цитирования : Юнев О. А. Вторичная эвтрофикация черноморского шельфа // Экологическая безопасность прибрежной и шельфовой зон моря. 2020. No 2. С. 80–91. doi:10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-80-91","PeriodicalId":332238,"journal":{"name":"Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127574520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arctic Ocean Level Trends","authors":"E. Lemeshko, E. Lemeshko","doi":"10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-28-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-2-28-40","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic plays a significant role in the Earth’s climate system and the purpose of this article is to analyze peculiarities of variability of the Arctic Ocean level and to compare it with that of the World Ocean level . According to altimetry data for the period of 1993– 2018 an estimate of the World Ocean level trend of 3.15 ± 0.2 mm/year with a 68 % confidence interval was obtained. Whereas an increase in the linear trend of 0.8 mm / year for the period 2004–2015 should be noted in comparison with 1993–2004. Estimation of the linear trend of the World Ocean barystatic level is 2.13 ± 0.12 mm/year with a 68 % confidence interval for the period 2002–2018, and the steric level trend is 1.02 mm/year, which is consistent with estimates of other authors obtained by independent methods. The linear trends of the Arctic Ocean barystatic level are calculated for the period 2002–2015 and compared with estimates of the linear trend of the World Ocean level and its steric component. The processes of variability of the barystatic level in the Norwegian, Barents and Arctic seas of Russia are mainly seasonal and intra-seasonal in nature, the contribution of interannual variability is less than 20–30 %; in the East Siberian, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, the contribution of interannual variability reaches 50 %; processes in the region of Greenland are characterized mainly by interannual variability, which makes 70– 90 % of the contribution to the total variance of the barystatic level.","PeriodicalId":332238,"journal":{"name":"Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122997066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results of Coastal Zone Dynamics and Beach Sediments Granulometric Composition Monitoring in the Central Part of the Kalamitsky Gulf","authors":"K. Gurov","doi":"10.22449/2413-5577-2020-1-36-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-1-36-46","url":null,"abstract":"На основе данных натурных наблюдений исследованы локальные особенности динамики ширины пляжа, а также гранулометрический состав наносов на участке береговой зоны Каламитского залива в районе пересыпи оз. Сакского. Анализ результатов измерений позволил выделить периоды наибольшей изменчивости пространственного положения линии уреза, оценить ее годовой ход. Отмечено, что в пределах рассматриваемой части пересыпи можно выделить несколько участков нарастания и отступания берега, чередующихся между собой. Участки, подверженные наибольшему ветро-волновому воздействию и показывающие максимальную динамику исследуемых морфометрических параметров, расположены вблизи перпендикулярных к берегу берегозащитных сооружений. Результаты исследования показали, что, проходя через берегозащитные сооружения, пляжевые наносы подвергаются сортировке, при этом доля крупнозернистой фракции заметно сокращается. Наибольшая дифференциация материала в пробах наносов пляжа отмечается к северу от берегозащитных сооружений. Гранулометрический состав наносов, перемещающихся вдоль линии уреза, также изменяется, сокращается доля гравийного материала и его крупность. Анализ распределения гравийного материала возле уреза показал, что при определенных волновых условиях данная фракция обходит берегозащитные сооружения санатория «ПолтаваКрым». В результате вдольберегового перемещения гравийного материала изменяется долевое соотношение фракций наносов. Дальнейшее детальное изучение особенностей пространственного распределения наносов пляжей позволит использовать полученные данные для их усвоения в математических моделях динамики береговой зоны.","PeriodicalId":332238,"journal":{"name":"Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133328158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex Application of Ray and Wave Approaches to Sound Field Calculations in a Narrow Waveguide on the Black Sea Shelf","authors":"V. Lisyutin, O. Lastovenko, A. Yaroshenko","doi":"10.22449/2413-5577-2020-1-91-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/2413-5577-2020-1-91-102","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with study of combined use of ray and wave methods for assessment of underwater sound field intensity in shallow water given different types of sediments and different sound localizations. A hydroacoustic waveguide is considered with a sound velocity profile containing a narrow near-bottom and weakly pronounced near-surface sound channels. Two types of seabed are considered: silty and sandy, and two cases of source location: near-surface and near-bottom. Two approaches are used to calculate the acoustic field: the ray method and normal wave method. It is accepted that the ray method is more consistent with the high frequency range, whereas the normal wave method is more consistent with the low frequency range. It is shown that as the frequency increases, the vertical profile of normal waves concentrates in the region of global minimum on the sound velocity profile. The dispersion characteristics of normal modes and their attenuation coefficients are analyzed. It is shown that the smallest group velocity of a normal mode corresponds to the largest attenuation coefficient, which is explained by a significant interaction with the bottom. The calculated sound field levels in the water layer are used to estimate the field level of a sound source that is traumatic for benthic fauna. It is shown that in case of a sound velocity profile with two sound channels and source location on the axis of a narrow waveguide, the ray method for calculation of the pattern of sound strength decay with distance gives a systematic underestimation of the field level.","PeriodicalId":332238,"journal":{"name":"Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' pribrezhnoy i shel'fovoy zon morya","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123653181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}