Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym最新文献

{"title":"The Phenomenon of Underemployment in Poland","authors":"Katarzyna Cymbranowicz","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"The labour market is usually associated with phenomena such as unemployment, employment and professional activity/inactivity. The ways in which these categories are shaped depend on various factors of an economic, social and technological nature. It is impossible to disagree with the statement that the contemporary labour market – local, national, and global – is undergoing dynamic changes. In the public debate, the themes of flexicurity, flexible forms of employment, reconciling professional work with private life, and lifelong learning appear more frequently. They cause heated discussions and often also controversies, since their impact on the situation of workers and employers in the labour market is increasing. Observing the trends in the world economy and the global labour market, it can be argued that employment becomes a privilege.Due to the reasons mentioned above, in the paper, issues which relate to ‘incomplete’ employment are discussed. Theoretical considerations are focused on the terminological and methodological problems related to the interpretation of the concept of underemployment both in the Polish and foreign literature. Furthermore, the relationships between the phenomenon of underemployment and the concept of employment flexibility and security are presented, since they are extremely important from the perspective of the contemporary labour market. The theoretical analysis is complemented by a statistical analysis of empirical data that illustrates the current scale of the phenomenon of underemployment in the labour market in Poland compared to other European Union member states (EU-28). The article adopts the research thesis that in Poland there is a problem of ‘incomplete’ employment. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to attempt to identify the scale of this phenomenon on the Polish labour market. Implementation of this objective will be possible thanks to the study of national and foreign literature and a conducted statistical analysis of selected indicators of the labour market in the context of this phenomenon, obtained from the database of the European Statistical Office (Eurostat).","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"19 1","pages":"137-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Shall We Do with Our Boys? An Impact of the GI Bill on the US Economy","authors":"Kamil Kowalski","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"The GI Bill of Rights (The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944) was a comprehensive program to aid returning veterans in their speedy readjustment to a civilian life. Its role was also to enable the veterans to fit them into the civilian economy. In the first part of the text, the economic and political context of the discussion around the Bill is discussed. The author refers to the popular belief that the end of the war was expected to result in the return of another economic depression. The latter was to be deepened by winding down war production and speeded up by returning servicemen. The text examines how the Bill was to tackle that challenge. The main body of the article is built around the analysis of the provisions of the Act that relate to the benefits for the former soldiers. This includes a mustering-out pay, education benefits, medical care for the disabled in the war, unemployment insurance, an allowance credit and pensions for disabled veterans. The requirements, terms of funding and sum of benefits are presented and discussed. The last part concludes with the general remarks about the significance of the Bill and its contemporary perception in the USA.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"19 1","pages":"167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John Bloch’s \"The Future of War.\" Pacifism Based on Economics","authors":"Andrzej Pieczewski","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"John Bloch (1839–1902) was a railroad tycoon, banker, social activist, philanthropist and man of science. He was shortlisted for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1902 for his multi-volume work entitled The Future of War in its Technical, Economic and Political Relations, which was dubbed ‘the bible of pacifism.’ Thanks to his multilayered activities he perfectly fits the positivist ideals of his time. Despite this, due to the course of history and ‘unfavourable circumstances’ for featuring his figure, for decades he was largely forgotten. The goal of this article is to present Jon Bloch and his works in the fields of entrepreneurship, science and most of all his attempts in aid of peace. I will present his major pacifist hypotheses and arguments which are included in his work The Future of War. The author substituted the usual religious and humanitarian arguments in aid of peace, with economic assertions. Published in many languages, the book became essential reading for the intellectuals and politicians at the break of 20th c., while Bloch gained the nickname of ‘the father of contemporary pacifism.’ In order to verify the legitimacy of this claim I will contrast Bloch’s work to a work entitled The Great Illusion, by Norman Angell. Published in 1909, eleven years after the first publication of The Future of War, Angell’s The Great Illusion is wellknown to the Anglo-Saxon readership.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"44 1","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control Mechanisms in the Process of Preventing Corruption in Public Administration Offices on the Example of Entities in the Podkarpackie Province","authors":"A. Walenia","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"A crucial element of the mechanism to prevent corruption in public administration is the explicit procedure of reacting to corruption events, regardless of whether it is based on ISO procedures or if it results from another system of legal solutions. The statutory anti-corruption solutions introduced in public institutions in the form of management control involve the staff abiding by ethical values, and they serve to improve the transparency, legal conduct, and ethics in the operations of a public administration office. The results of empirical research confirm that the implemented management control procedures form integral parts of the anti-corruption system in public entities.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"19 1","pages":"155-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poverty, Obesity, Diabetes: Are They the By-Products of Liberalization of Global Economy?","authors":"S. Rehman","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"The paper briefly describes the causes of a global rise in obesity and diabetes. In so doing, it establishes links between (1) poverty and obesity, and (2) obesity and diabetes. The paper also presents data from a survey (N=147) conducted in a depressed economy in Texas where cases of obesity and diabetes are among the highest in the US. The paper argues for a paradigm shift in viewing the role of policymakers in regards to food and pharmaceutical industries, both locally and globally.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"19 1","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Moral and Political Dimension of Economics. The Fact-Value Dichotomy","authors":"Vasco Almeida","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"Since the neoclassical school, the separation between facts and values, is and ought, positive and normative, has become a concern in conventional economic analyses. Economics should focus on facts, and present general principles, leaving the choice of various technical alternatives to policy makers. This article addresses the following questions: can economics, seen as a positive science, be separated from the political dimension? Is it possible to separate facts from values or are they necessarily intertwined? After showing how the separation between economics and moral philosophy unfolded throughout the history of economic thought, the article analyses the factvalue dichotomy discussion and concludes that facts and values are necessarily intertwined. Then, the article shows that the premises and theories of conventional economic theories contain hidden values, despite being presented as universal truths on which policies are based, and thus fail to discuss the various perspectives of the problems. Reviving a tradition commenced by Aristotle, the article concludes by arguing that economics is necessarily moral and political. However, the acknowledgement of the normative nature of economics cannot compromise the pursuit of objectivity.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"19 1","pages":"7-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employee Subjectivity as a Key Value in Management","authors":"A. Marek","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.09","url":null,"abstract":"People, with their knowledge and potential, are undoubtedly the most important part in any organisation because, thanks to them, it might accomplish its goals, gain a competitive advantage and achieve success on the market. That is why each organisation should hire the most appropriate employees and provide working conditions that enable them to unleash their potential for the company’s benefit. The fundamental value for creating a good work environment is employees’ subjectivity, which can be perceived in two ways. The basic level of honouring a person’s subjectivity is respecting human rights and the employee’s dignity in mutual relations. The higher level, though, is to give people a certain amount of autonomy and responsibility in their workplace. The aim of this paper is to identify and analyse interdisciplinary concepts that managers can use in order to ensure that people are given the respect they deserve.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"17 1","pages":"123-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining Human Security The Case of Albania","authors":"Eglantina Farruku","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a critical study of the concept and issues of human security. Its usage, definition and applicability may differ since different authors explain issues related to security differently. Although there is still no common definition on what human security is, most authors agree that human security is related to individuals in terms of their wellbeing. For too long, human security has been focused on the protection of state territory, regarded as the traditional perception of security. This kind of interpretation refers to a narrow security concept, not well constructed and incapable of addressing most of the important issues related to the security of the individual. The issue of security for a nation is quite different to the issue of security for individuals, because the first tends to protect the boundaries of the state where people live while the second aims to protect all human being from insecurities. Human security is a new challenge in today’s world; it presents new threats which are far away from the threats generated by the traditional concept of human security. The new concept of human security should be analysed in people’s daily lives, not in a country’s guns and weapons. To protect people’s lives means respecting all human rights prescribed in domestic law and international conventions; violating them means causing human insecurities and the failure of the state to fulfil its own responsibilities towards the law. Therefore, the protection and the welfare of the people should become first goal of the government. In cooperation with international organizations and NGOs, governments should find and promote appropriate policies to establish a political, economic and social security environment for all the people as citizens of that country.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"19 1","pages":"81-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Social Capital Be the New Dynamics of Economic Development","authors":"İlhan Eroğlu, Nalan Kangal","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"Besides other capital types, social capital is such a kind of capital, which is revealed by the confidence level of the society and certain financial facts. This study questions whether the social capital could be new dynamics for the developments of the countries along with other types of capitals (real capital and human capital). According to the recent research it has been concluded that the social capital has some positive effects to decrease the asymmetric information; to gain trust, information sharing and competitive power; to increase the participation in political life and social organizations; to fix the distribution of income; and to accelerate the economic growth. As a result, considering the fact that the countries with high confidence level have high humanitarian growth and high income per capita, it has been concluded that social capital may create new dynamics of economic development.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"19 1","pages":"51-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informal Institutions in the Corporate Governance System in Russia","authors":"Monika Fiedorczuk","doi":"10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.19.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"The corporate governance system in Russia, having evolved through years, can be characterized by the following features: the dominant role of the concentrated ownership structure, corporate supervision relying on a combination of ownership function and company management, the significant role of the state as the owner, and the fairly marginal relevance of external market mechanisms. Those features result partly from particular legal solutions and partly from the unwritten, informal customs or patterns of behaviour of the so-called informal institutions. The article’s main thrust is to analyse selected informal institutions which were considered the most significant from the Russian corporate governance system point of view. These are, among others: the tendency not to obey the rights of minority shareholders, informal relationships of enterprises with authorities of various levels, and corruption. The author assumes that informal institutions decide upon the specificity of the corporate governance system in Russia and its particular elements, and upon the efficient functioning of supervisory mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":33221,"journal":{"name":"Annales Etyka w Zyciu Gospodarczym","volume":"55 1","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67658572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}