Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii最新文献

{"title":"Selection of forecrops and sowing time for the new winter durum wheat varieties ‘Yubilyarka’ and ‘Yantarina’","authors":"А. A. Sukharev, A. Popov, G. Ovsyannikova, I. K. Kopman, N. Samofalova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-65-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-65-72","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2020–2022. The purpose of the current study was to identify the best forecrops and optimal sowing time for the new winter durum wheat varieties ‘Yubilyarka’ and ‘Yantarina’. There has been established that the winter durum wheat varieties ‘Yubilyarka’ and ‘Yantarina’ respond well to the choice of a forecrop and sowing time. The effect of forecrops on productivity of the winter durum wheat varieties ‘Yubilyarka’ and ‘Yantarina’ was 90 % and 85 %, respectively. There has been revealed that weedfree fallow was the best one for the studied varieties, providing the formation of a mean grain productivity of 6.25–6.31 t/ha over the years of the trial when sown from September 10 to 30. At the same sowing time when sown after sunflower, productivity of the varieties of 3.73–4.02 t/ha was the lowest during the entire period of the study. There has been established that for all forecrops, the lowest grain productivity of the varieties ‘Yubilyarka’ and ‘Yantarina’ was obtained when sown on October 10 (late date) and averaged 5.60 and 5.77 t/ha in 2020–2022 when sown after weedfree fallow; 4.16 and 4.35 t/ha when sown after peas; and 3.51 and 3.63 t/ha when sown after sunflower. The studied varieties formed the largest number of productive stems of 540–609 pcs/m2 when sown in weedfree fallow, and the smallest number of 382–410 pcs/m2 when sown after non-fallow forecrops. The quality indicators of grain of the winter durum wheat varieties ‘Yubilyarka’ and ‘Yantarina’ were mainly affected by forecrops and slightly by sowing time. The production of high-quality winter durum wheat grain is cost-effective. The conditional net income reached 52908–53268 rubles/ha, and the profitability of grain production was 127–129 %. When sown after sunflower, the productivity was the lowest during the entire period of study and averaged 3.73–4.02 t/ha over three years. There has been found a productivity decrease on 0.5–0.7 t/ha with a late sowing date (October 10).","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47567000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of the correlation between productivity and biochemical parameters of soybean","authors":"A. Ashiev, K. N. Khabibullin, M. Skulova","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-14-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-14-20","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current study was to identify the correlation between seed productivity and quality indicators of the soybean collection samples. The study was carried out in the fields of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2019–2021. Over the years of study, the weather conditions were unstable and differed from the long-term mean data. The objects of research were 85 soybean samples from the world collection of the N. I. Vavilov Institute. The study has established that the most variable trait was productivity (V = 45.4 %) than protein (V = 6.4 %) and oil percentage in seeds (V = 9.7 %). The correlation between productivity and seed quality was weak and amounted to r = –0.24 with protein and r = 0.29 with oil content. The correlation between protein and oil content was higher and amounted to r = –0.51. Span charting showed that the bulk of soybean collection samples had a mean protein percentage of 40.5–43.0 %, and the most productive samples had 39.0–39.5 % of protein. The predominant part of the collection had an oil content in seeds from 19.0 to 21.5 %, which also included samples with maximum seed productivity and 19.0–19.5 % of oil. Against the background of the established negative correlation between protein and oil content in seeds, there were found the samples with a very high content of protein and oil in seeds at the same time. There were selected three soybean collection samples (‘Zodiak’ (Moldova), ‘Selekta-101’ (Russia) and ‘Antuxiaoneidou’ (China), which had large productivity a high content of protein and oil in seeds. The study results of the correlation between seed productivity and quality indicators of the soybean collection samples will be used in further breeding work.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47072533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive Variety Testing of winter common wheat in the conditions of the Penza region","authors":"S. V. Kosenko","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-36-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-36-41","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented the results of winter common wheat, studied in the nursery of the Competitive Variety Testing in the forest-steppe zone of the Penza region for 2016–2020. The purpose of the study was to estimate breeding lines of winter common wheat of the Competitive Variety Testing according to the main economic and biological traits and to identify samples with a complex of economically valuable traits and properties, in which the productivity level is stably maintained. The objects of the study were 35 winter common wheat lines developed by the FSBSI “Federal Research Center of Fiber Crops”. The zoned variety of winter common wheat ‘Fotinya’ was used as a standard one. The productivity of winter common wheat lines in the competitive variety testing ranged from 4.31 t/ha (the line ‘Erythrospermum 17/01-1-08’) to 4.85 t/ha (the line ‘Erythrospermum 12/00-16-04’). According to productivity, the standard variety ‘Fotinya’ significantly exceeded 13 lines, the increase of which ranged from 0.37 to 0.92 t/ha, НСР05 = 0.24 t/ha. During the study period, there was carried out a comprehensive estimation of winter common wheat lines to identify the best of them as carriers of economically valuable traits, which can promote developing new highly productive varieties with a high level of adaptability to the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The lines ‘Erythrospermum 12/00-16-04’, ‘Erythrospermum 29/03-2-06’, ‘Erythrospermum 21/00-3-08’, ‘Erythrospermum 18/04-3-08’, ‘Erythrospermum 17/01-7-08’ are of great interest for breeding, since they have been distinguished by a set of indicators (with a mean yield of 4.38–4.85 t/ha, more than 90 % of winter resistance, early maturity, 9 points of resistance to lodging, natural grain weight of 767–780 g/l, 86–90 % of kernel hardiness, 28.2–32.2 % of gluten in grain, 14.8–17.1 % of protein in grain). The selected lines have been recommended for inclusion in breeding programs for the development of highly productive winter common wheat genotypes.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69569625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of grain productivity and biometric elements of winter wheat varieties depending on the variety change periods","authors":"O. Levakova, O. Gladysheva, M. Kostanyants","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-42-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-42-47","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was carried out at the Institute of Seed production and Agrotechnologies, Branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM” (Ryazan region) on dark gray forest soil of medium fertility (organic matter content 5.60 %) in 2018–2022. The objects of the study were 9 winter common wheat varieties (developed by the FSBSI FRC “Nemchinovka” and FSBSI FRAC VIM), which were included in the State List of Breeding Achievements from 2005–2023 in the Central region of the Non-Blackearth part of the Russian Federation and divided according to the variety change periods, i.e. period V with ‘Galina’, ‘Angelina’, ‘Moskovskaya 56’, ‘Viola’; period VI with ‘Danaya’, ‘Felitsiya’, ‘Galateya’, ‘Anfisa’, ‘Boyarka’. The purpose of the study was to analyze the grain yield and biometric elements of its structural indicators in the winter common wheat varieties, depending on the variety change periods in the conditions of the southern part of the Central region of the Russian Federation. During the study, there has been established an excess of the average (by 15.9 %), minimum (by 27.9 %) and maximum (by 8.3 %) productivity of varieties of the last variety change period with 5.2 % advantage in realizing the yield potential (average 74.5 %) and adaptability coefficient by 17.4 % (average value over 1.0). The variety ‘Galateya’ has high values of productivity potential with adaptability coefficient of 1.12. There has been established that in modern varieties there was a decrease in the stem length by 5.9 cm on average. The shortest varieties were ‘Viola’, ‘Felitsiya’, ‘Anfisa’ and ‘Boyarka’ with 96–97 cm. There has been established that the varieties of the period VI experienced a stem augmentation on 12.7 %, number of grains per head on 2.5 %, grain weight per head on 11.7 % and 1000-grain weight on 4.2 % in comparison with the varieties of the previous selection. A significant contribution to the productivity of new varieties (r ≥ +0.700) was made by the traits ‘number of grains per head’ and ‘grain weight per head’. The variety ‘Anfisa’ had the longest head of 11.3 cm. The varieties ‘Galateya’, ‘Felitsiya’, and ‘Boyarka’ had number of grains per head more than 42.0 pcs., and grain weight per head of more than 2.0 g. All varieties of the last variety change had large grain, m1000 > 46.0 g, the variety ‘Galateya’ had especially coarse grain of 49.1 g.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47835409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inheritance features of productivity traits in pea hybrids F1 and F2","authors":"F. Davletov, K. Gainullina, А. М. Dmitriev, E. Badamshina","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-21-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-21-28","url":null,"abstract":"The main reserve for improving of pea grain production is the development of new highly productive varieties. In this case, intraspecific hybridization is the main tool, but the patterns of inheritance by hybrids of several economically valuable traits are still insufficiently studied. The purpose of the current work was to establish the inheritance nature of productivity traits in pea hybrids. The trials were carried out in 2020–2022. The objects of the study were 8 pea hybrid combinations F1 and F2. The estimation of the collection and hybrid material was carried out in accordance with the Methodology of the State Variety Testing (2019). Segregation analysis in F1 pea hybrids has revealed different types of inheritance of the studied quantitative traits, from hybrid depression to overdominance. According to ‘plant height’, the dominance degree (hp) varied from 0 to 3.00. According to ‘number of pods per plant’ it varied from –0.50 to 3.00. According to ‘number of beans per pod’ it varied from 1.67 to 4.00. According to ‘1000-seed weight’ it varied from 0.20 to 0.44. Hybridological analysis of F2 pea plants based on ‘plant height’ in 4 hybrid combinations has revealed incomplete negative dominance (hp from –0.20 to –0.43), in 4 hybrid combinations it was incomplete dominance (hp from 0.60 to 0.69). According to ‘number of pods per plant’, two hybrid combinations have shown complete dominance (hp = 1.00), one hybrid combination has shown incomplete dominance (hp = 0.35), five hybrid combinations have shown incomplete negative dominance (hp from –0.50 to –0, 71). The trait ‘1000-seed weight’ in all hybrid combinations was inherited according to the type of incomplete dominance (hp from 0.10 to 0.16). According to ‘number of beans per pod’, four hybrid combinations have shown incomplete dominance (hp from 0.67 to 0.83); one hybrid combination has shown incomplete negative dominance (hp = –0.50); three hybrid combinations have shown complete negative dominance (hp = –1.00).","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44963494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between quantitative traits and grain productivity of the waxy maize hybrids","authors":"G. Krivosheev, A. S. Ignatiev, D. R. Lupinoga, Yu. B. Arzhenovskaya, N. Shevchenko","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-29-35","url":null,"abstract":"A subspecies of waxy maize (Zea mays L. ceratina) is characterized by the fact that its grain contains 100 % amylopectin starch, a valuable raw material for confectionery production, the manufacture of polymers, and a blood substitute. The absence of domestic waxy maize hybrids in the State List of Breeding Achievements necessitates the study in this area of breeding. The purpose of the current study was to identify dependencies that make it possible to increase the efficiency of the breeding process when developing waxy maize hybrids. The study was carried out at the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2020–2022. The objects of the study were 36 waxy maize hybrids developed by the method of interline hybridization. The studied traits differed in the degree of variation. High coefficients of variation were identified in the traits ‘grain productivity’ (V = 30.1 %) and ‘one cob weight’ (V = 21.5 %). The traits ‘number of rows’ (V = 8.4 %) and ‘grain yield during threshing’ (V = 8.2 %) turned out to be slightly varying. An increase in the values of any studied trait resulted in an increase in grain yield. However, the signs of productivity were not equivalent according to their effect on the formation of the grain productivity of the waxy maize hybrids. There have been identified the most influential traits of productivity, such as ‘number of cobs per 1 plant’, ‘one cob weight’ and ‘number of seeds per cob’. The correlation between them and grain productivity is positive, close (r = 0.73±0.12 – 0.82±0.10). The identified traits have been positively associated with the rest (r = 0.30±0.16 – 0.74±0.12), the selection of samples with high values does not reduce the values of other productivity traits. The identified dependencies must be taken into account when selecting the initial material and when developing waxy maize hybrids.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42709259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new winter rye variety ‘Irtyshskaya 2’","authors":"V. M. Triputin, Yu. N. Kashuba, A. Kovtunenko","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-8-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-8-13","url":null,"abstract":"Winter rye, with all its advantages (adaptability, stress resistance, increased productivity), cannot compete with other grain crops, and the reason is grain quality to a greater extent. Solution of the issue is possible when cultivating rye varieties with a low content of water-soluble pentosans in grain. In Western Siberia, winter rye has traditionally been considered a leading grain crop, which efficiently uses environmental resources and is more productive in comparison with winter wheat and triticale. In order to increase the efficiency, the low-pentosan rye variety ‘Bereginya’ was involved in the breeding study of the Omsk Agricultural Research Center. As an initial form, this variety was used to develop a new variety ‘Irtyshskaya 2’. The purpose of the current work was to characterize this variety according to a number of valuable traits. The study was carried out on the experimental plots of the laboratory for winter crop breeding in 2020–2022. The estimation of the rye variety ‘Irtyshskaya 2’ has identified several advantages in comparison with the standard variety ‘Irina’. The new variety was more productive. Its excess over the standard variety was 0.36 t/ha (with an average productivity of 6.34 t/ha). The variety ‘Irtyshskaya 2’ is characterized by the best severity of quantitative traits (‘grain size’ and ‘head productivity’) and grain quality indicators (‘grain unit’, ‘falling number’). In order to select for increased productivity of a new variety there has been proposed grain content of a head as the main trait, which is characterized by a strong correlation with the trait ‘grain weight per head’ (r = 0.731–0.889). In 2022 the variety ‘Irtyshskaya 2’ was sent to the State Variety Testing and recommended for use in the West Siberian and East Siberian regions.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45875016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sowing time and seeding rates on field germination and harvesting preservation of wintering peas in the southern part of the Rostov region","authors":"S. Vasilchenko, G. Metlina, A. Ashiev","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-85-2-114-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-85-2-114-120","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper has presented the study results of the elements of cultivation technology (sowing time, seeding rate) of wintering peas in the southern part of the Rostov region. Field trials were carried out during two agricultural years in 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. The objects of research were the varieties of wintering peas ‘Fokus’, ‘Faeton’, ‘Zimus’. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of sowing time and seeding rates on field germination and harvesting preservation of wintering peas in the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary calcareous heavy loamy chernozem on loess-like loams. The content of humus in the arable layer was 3.36%, pH was 7.0, P2O5 was 24.4; K2O was 360 mg/kg of soil. The sowing time had an impact on field germination. On average, over the years of research, field germination in the 1st period ranged from 27.0 to 93.5 %, in the second from 33.6 to 91.0 %, in the third from 31.5 to 94.5 %. The share of the effect of the sowing time on field germination ranged from 9.4% for the variety ‘Faeton’ to 22.5 % for the variety ‘Fokus’. The harvesting preservation of wintering peas ranged from 93.8 % (‘Zimus’) to 94.8 % (‘Faeton’) in the first sowing period, in the second sowing period it ranged from 95.0 % (‘Faeton’) to 95.5 % (‘Fokus’), in the third, the harvesting preservation ranged from 94.7 % for the variety ‘Fokus’ to 95.6 % for the variety ‘Zimus’. The share of the effect of the sowing time on harvesting preservation ranged from 5.4 % for the variety ‘Zimus’ to 23.4 % for the variety ‘Fokus’. On average, over the years of study, the maximum field germination was observed for the variety ‘Faeton’ (93.5 %) at a seeding rate of 1.0 million germin. seeds/ha. The best preservation was identified for the variety ‘Faeton’ (96.5 %) at a seeding rate of 1.0 million germin. seeds/ha in the second sowing period.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45415069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity and quality of winter wheat grain in crop rotations with different types of fallow and at different levels of fertilization","authors":"T. Dudkina","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-85-2-107-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-85-2-107-112","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the current work was to study the effect of various winter wheat forecrops (weedfree fallow, green fallow, sown fallow) and fertilization levels (control without fertilizers, NPK–60 kg.a.i./ha, NPK–80 kg.a.i./ha, NPK–100 kg.a.i./ha) on productivity and quality of winter wheat grain. The study was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Kursk FARC” in 2018–2020. There has been established that the large-sized grain was grown in a crop rotation with a sown fallow. There has been established that with an increase of mineral fertilizers’ doses, the differences between crop rotations raised. In the crop rotation with sown fallow, grain evenness was also higher, by 0.3 and 0.5 % more than in crop rotations with green manure and weedfree fallow. There has been found that regardless of the crop rotation, with an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers, grain evenness increased. There has been determined that the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ was the highest when it was sown in green fallow with 48.4 g of NPK–100 kg.a.i./ha, which was due to the improvement of the nutrient regime of the soil with the introduction of green manure. There has been determined that when growing wheat in green fallow in the variant without fertilizers, crude gluten in the flour was 2.3 and 2.5 % more than in sown and weedfree fallow. This pattern was also preserved on fertilized backgrounds. The indicator of gluten percentage in flour increased with the growth of fertilizer. There has been found that crop rotation with weedfree fallow was the best in terms of gluten elasticity. Winter wheat productivity at NPK–60 kg.a.i./ha and NPK–100 kg.a.i./ha was higher when sown in weedfree fallow, and on unfertilized control and at NPK–80 kg.a.i. / ha when sown in green fallow. There has been noted that there is a significant improvement in crop productivity, for example, from 4.39 to 6.19 t/ha in crop rotation with weedfree fallow, with an increase in fertilizer application rates.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47015727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the aftereffect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on sorghum grain productivity and quality on ordinary blackearth of the Central Pre-Caucasus","authors":"N. Shapovalova, A. Volodin, E. Men’kina, D. Akhmedshina","doi":"10.31367/2079-8725-2023-85-2-84-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-85-2-84-91","url":null,"abstract":"There have been presented the study results of the experiment of the Geographical Network of Experiments with fertilizers, established in 1975 on ordinary chernozem under conditions of unstable moisture in the Stavropol Territory. The purpose of the current study was to reveal the influence of the aftereffect of the long-term use of mineral fertilizers on the agrochemical properties of soil, productivity, and quality of sorghum grain, depending on the weather conditions of the year. There has been established that, after 30 years of action and 14 years of aftereffect of the use of phosphorus fertilizers in doses of 60–180 kg/ha of a.i. the content of residual phosphorus in the soil layer of 0–20 cm before sowing sorghum varied from 25 to 55 mg/kg. The crop productivity was closely dependent on weather conditions and the agrochemical condition of the soil. In arid conditions in 2020, the largest grain productivity (2.5–3.16 t/ha) was obtained in areas of phosphorus fertilizer’s aftereffect with a high content of P2O5 in soil (more than 30 mg/kg). In the wet year, the largest productivity (5.10–5.64 t/ha) were obtained in nitrogen fertilizers’ aftereffect against the background of low phosphates availability (12–16 mg/kg). In different weather conditions, the maximum level of sorghum productivity was obtained in the aftereffect of complete mineral fertilizer or with a balanced nutrient regime of the soil, in 2020 it was 3.81–4.96 t/ha and in 2022 it was 5.4–6.14 t/ha. Sorghum grain quality was also determined by the weather and soil properties. Grain with the highest crude protein percentage (9.9–13.6 %) was obtained in a dry year after the effect of nitrogen fertilizer. In both years of the study, the products obtained after the application of high doses of one phosphorus fertilizer (120–180 kg/ha a.i.) had the least nutritional value. The crude protein percentage in grain did not exceed 2.2–7.8 %. To stabilize productivity and increase the nutritional value of sorghum, it is necessary, first of all, to optimize the nitrogen nutrition of plants, especially in conditions of good moisture supply.","PeriodicalId":33209,"journal":{"name":"Zernovoe khoziaistvo Rossii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49317850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}