Intermetallics最新文献

{"title":"Achieving controllable strength-plasticity balance in metallic glass: Potential energy gradient","authors":"Rutong Wan ,&nbsp;Zhilin Long ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Cui ,&nbsp;Lidong You","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallic glasses (MGs) have long been plagued by a dilemma concerning their strength and plasticity. This has restricted the potential applications of these materials. Inspired by the concept of gradient materials, we have devised a novel strategy to address this challenge by leveraging potential energy gradients. In this study, we have designed three distinct types of MGs, each exhibiting controllable step potential energy gradients. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations have demonstrated that potential energy gradient MGs, characterized by a spatial gradient distribution of free volume, possess a \"shear band deflection\" ability. This free-volume gradient structure promotes the branching and deflection of shear bands, disperses deformation, and delays damage, thereby conferring additional plasticity to the gradient MGs. Concurrently, the high icosahedral content in potential energy gradient MGs contributes to their strength. The simultaneous enhancement of strength and plasticity can be modulated by altering the direction and step amplitude of the potential energy gradient, indicating that the long-standing trade-off between strength and plasticity in MGs can be addressed by controllable potential energy gradients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108757"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superconductivity in Ba5Ir7Ge4 derived from MgCu2-type Laves phase BaIr2","authors":"Terunari Koshinuma ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Fujihisa ,&nbsp;Yoshito Gotoh ,&nbsp;Izumi Hase ,&nbsp;Kenji Kawashima ,&nbsp;Shigeyuki Ishida ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Eisaki ,&nbsp;Hiraku Ogino ,&nbsp;Taichiro Nishio ,&nbsp;Akira Iyo","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We successfully synthesized the new compound Ba₅Ir₇Ge₄ at ambient pressure by adding Ge to BaIr₂, which is a high-pressure stable MgCu₂-type Laves phase. Rietveld analysis revealed that Ba₅Ir₇Ge₄ crystallizes by replacing part of the Ir₄ tetrahedra in BaIr₂ with Ge₄Ir tetrahedra, forming in a network of corner-sharing Ge₄Ir and Ir₃Ge tetrahedra. While BaIr₂ has a cubic structure, Ba₅Ir₇Ge₄ adopts a new prototype structure with a tetragonal space group <em>I</em>4₁/<em>a</em> (no.88) (<em>a</em> = 12.9726(2) Å, <em>c</em> = 8.2703(2) Å). Our experiments demonstrated that Ba₅Ir₇Ge₄ is a type-II superconductor with a transition temperature (<em>T</em>_c) of 3.2 K, which is slightly higher than that of BaIr₂. Electronic structure calculations show that the density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy is primarily contributed by the <em>d</em> states in the Ir atoms forming the Ir₃Ge tetrahedra. Despite having smaller DOS at the Fermi level, Ba₅Ir₇Ge₄ exhibits a slightly higher <em>T</em>_c than that of BaIr₂, which can be attributed to its higher Debye temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-principles and experimental study on structure and properties of CuCrCoFeNixTi high entropy alloy","authors":"ChongYang Wang,&nbsp;Xiaohong Yang,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Sun,&nbsp;Haiyang Kang,&nbsp;Peng Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CuCrCoFeNixTi(x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.0) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were designed and the solid solution structure model were established based on the first principles. Lattice constant, phase structure, elastic properties, state density and differential charge density of the HEAs were obtained. The simulation results show that the heat of formation of the alloys are negative. With the increases of Ni content, the density of HEA increases, the lattice constant decreases, the Poisson ratio increases, the G/B value decreases and the Cauchy pressure increases. It indicates that the HEAs change from brittleness to toughness. The differential charge density maps show that the charge distributions in the HEAs are relatively uniform, and the metal bond characteristics are presented. The state density diagrams show that CuCrCoFeNi₂Ti has the highest peak state density, which indicates that its metal properties are higher and its toughness is better. Finally, the CuCrCoFeNi_xTi HEAs were prepared by vacuum arc melting and the homogenization was carried out. The microstructures of the alloys were observed and the compression tests were conducted. The results show that the XRD patterns obtained by experiment are similar to those of simulation, and CuCrCoFeNi_xTi HEAs are mainly composed of FCC phase structure. As the Ni content increases, the microstructures of HEAs were more homogeneous, the compressive strength increased from 710.3 MPa to 1878.5 MPa, and the elongation rate increased from 4.9 % to 14.7 %. The fracture morphologies of CuCrCoFeNi_xTi HEAs present a quasi-cleavage fracture, which are mainly manifested in cleavage steps and tearing edges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108735"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of alloying and aging treatment on the strain hardening behavior of non-equiatomic CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy","authors":"Bushra Harun ,&nbsp;E-Wen Huang ,&nbsp;Yao-Jen Chang ,&nbsp;An-Chou Yeh ,&nbsp;Jayant Jain ,&nbsp;Suresh Neelakantan","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the study was to investigate the work hardening behavior of Al_xCo_1.5CrFeNi_1.5Ti_y (where sum of x and y is 0.5, in atomic ratio and x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5) high entropy alloys (HEAs) in solutionized and peak-aged conditions. Work hardening behaviour was mainly driven by L1₂ and B2 precipitate formation, during aging, and the ease of stacking fault (SF) formation with varying Ti/Al concentrations. Increasing Ti concentration was found to decrease stacking fault energy (SFE), promoting SF formation and further enhanced work hardening. B2 precipitates contributed to Orowan looping-induced hardening, while L1₂ precipitates induced hardening through precipitate shearing via partial dislocations. Addition of Ti into the AlCoCrFeNi system induced a transition in the deformation mechanism from wavy slip to planar slip. Ordered domains formed during aging facilitate SF generation, resulting in higher work hardening rates. In addition, Taylor lattice-type deformation substructures were observed in the solutionized condition of Ti-containing alloys and were absent in their aged counterparts because precipitation facilitates the easy formation of SFs and hence decreases the propensity of Taylor lattices. Present study enhances the understanding of work hardening in various HEA compositions, aiding in the optimization of alloy design for structural materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108752"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dependence of structure and property modification on individual doping between Cu and Ti in FeCrV multi-component alloys","authors":"Zhi-hao Xu ,&nbsp;Fang-qian Zhao ,&nbsp;Si-zhe Diao ,&nbsp;Ping-ping Liu ,&nbsp;Jia-wei Bai ,&nbsp;Wen-tuo Han ,&nbsp;Ke-wei Gao ,&nbsp;Li-ping Guo ,&nbsp;Yu-fei Wang ,&nbsp;En-gang Fu ,&nbsp;Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FeCrV multi-component alloys (MCAs) with trace amounts of Cu or Ti, synthetized via mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering, have the characteristics of nanocrystalline and nano-precipitates, which contribute to their excellent mechanical properties at room temperature. The high thermal stability of nanostructure and exceptional irradiation resistance are of great significance for evaluating their potential advantages as advanced nuclear energy materials. In the present study, the response of structural stability and mechanical properties to the doping of Cu_0.05 and Ti_0.2 (at%) in FeCrV under series of annealing temperatures and durations was investigated systematically. FeCrVCu_0.05 shows the satisfactory structure and performance stability until 600 °C for 30 h mainly due to the good thermal stability of Cu nano-precipitates (∼13 nm) and nanocrystalline (∼367 nm). In contrast, the excessive Laves phase of Fe₂Ti appeared in FeCrVTi_0.2 under the same annealing condition, exerting a detrimental impact on its high-temperature performance. Brittle FeV intermetallic compounds formed in both alloys at 800 °C for 5 h. Additionally, the irradiation resistance was evaluated by the sequential (Fe²⁺+H⁺)-He⁺ ions implantation at 450 °C. The two alloys exhibit comparable resistance to irradiation hardening, probably attributed to their similar sink strength though the dominant sink is different. Electrical properties, thermal conductivity, Young's modulus and corrosion resistance of the two alloys were also obtained. A comparative analysis of the different effects of the doping of Cu and Ti was conducted. Collectively, some relevant experimental data on FeCrV-based MCAs was supplemented for a more comprehensive understanding of this family. This work may help to offer a feasible basis for further optimization of new MCAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108753"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructures and mechanical properties of Zr-based metallic glass composites plasticized with titanium wire mesh","authors":"Yaning Dou ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Lele Gao ,&nbsp;Chenyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengkun Li ,&nbsp;Haifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengwang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adding a second phase to metallic glasses to prepare metallic glass composites is an effective and commonly employed approach for plasticizing metallic glasses. In this study, a newly designed die-casting process was adopted to incorporate titanium wire mesh as the second phase into the Zr_41.2Ti_13.8Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5 (at%) metallic glass, successfully fabricating metallic glass composites with good plasticity. The detection results indicate that the interface between the second phase and the metallic glass matrix in the metallic glass composites fabricated by this process exhibited favorable metallurgical bonding, with no generation of brittle intermediate phases. Furthermore, the incorporation of the second phase can effectively induce the generation of multiple shear bands, and thereby enhance the plasticity of the metallic glass composite. The research results on mechanical properties indicate that when the wire diameter and pore size of the titanium wire mesh are 60 μm and 135 μm respectively, the compressive strength of the metallic glass composite is 1.59 ± 0.02 GPa and the compressive plastic strain reaches 11.8 ± 0.7 %. This research not only offers a novel method for the preparation of metallic glass composites but also provides a reference for the microstructure design of high-plasticity metallic glass composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108754"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relieving residual stress and enhanced mechanical properties by novel sandwich composites filler metal","authors":"Mingzhu You ,&nbsp;Weimin Long ,&nbsp;Guanxing Zhang ,&nbsp;Sujuan Zhong ,&nbsp;Hongwei Dong ,&nbsp;Dongliang Wang ,&nbsp;Shizhong Wei ,&nbsp;Hua Yu ,&nbsp;Zongye Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sandwich composite filler metal is a crucial approach to relieve the residual stress and obtain a reliable joint between non-metallic and metals. A novel sandwich composite filler metal, BAg40CuZnNi/CuMn2/BAg40CuZnNiMnCo, was originally prepared by roll bonding and annealing. The microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stress of the YG15/42CrMo joints brazed were characterized by scanning electron microscope, universal testing machine, and X-ray residual stress diffractometer. During annealing, diffusion layers were formed at the BAg40CuZnNi/CuMn2/BAg40CuZnNiMnCo interfaces, the growth of the diffusion layer conformed to the parabolic relationship and was dominated by the diffusion mechanism. During the early stage of brazing, the brazing seam was divided into seven different regions, accompanied by the formation of an interfacial diffusion layer. With brazing time increased, the width of the CuMn2 interlayer in the brazing seam and the amounts of Cu-rich phase gradually decreased, while enriched the Ag-Cu eutectic structure. The increased brazing time and reduced thickness of the CuMn2 interlayer decreased the shear strength of the brazed joint. An appropriate thickness of the CuMn2 interlayer changed the microstructure in the brazing seam, reduced the residual stress on the YG15 surface, further effectively improving the shear strength of the brazed joint with dimple fracture. The results provide a reference for the brazing of nonmetals and metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering γ-TiAl alloys: The effects of Sn, Si and Mn on densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties","authors":"J.J.M. Ellard ,&nbsp;M.N. Mathabathe ,&nbsp;C.W. Siyasiya ,&nbsp;A.S. Bolokang ,&nbsp;V.N. Vilane ,&nbsp;R. Rikhotso-Mbungela ,&nbsp;C. McDuling ,&nbsp;S. Masete","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the quest to enhance the castability of modified second-generation γ-TiAl intermetallic alloys and improve their mechanical properties, the effects of small additions of Sn, Si, and Mn were investigated and compared in terms of densification, microstructural evolution, and corresponding mechanical properties. The alloys were produced by vacuum arc remelting of blended and cold-pressed precursor powders. The processing parameters were uniformly maintained for all the alloys. According to the results, the relative green density of quaternary-Si (Ti-48Al-2Nb-0.7Cr-0.3Si) compact was the highest with a value of 90.00 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 0.07 %. The addition of 1 at.%Sn improved the castability of the alloy as indicated by the absence of shrinkage cavities and the highest relative density of 99.87 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 0.06 %. However, after heat treatment, low values of room temperature yield strength (286 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 23 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (486 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 48 MPa) were obtained as the Sn promoted the growth of γ grains and hindered the nucleation of α₂ and Ti₅Si₃ phases. Conversely, additions of 0.3 at.%Si and 0.3 at.%Mn did not improve the castability of the alloys. However, Si promoted the nucleation of Ti₅Si₃ precipitates which improved the yield strength to 494 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 31 MPa and uniform elongation to 1.4 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 0.1 % after heat treatment. Additionally, the quaternary-Si alloy exhibited improved fatigue properties at room temperature with a fatigue limit of 388 MPa. Its fatigue fracture modes were Inter-lamellar and cleavage at lower stress amplitudes, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, while inter-lamellar fracture mode dominated at higher <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>. Mn promoted the nucleation of α₂-phase to give a moderate value of 426 <span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo></mrow></math></span> 19 MPa yield strength after heat treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108746"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced creep properties and creep-induced microstructure evolution behavior of carbon-doped TiAl alloys","authors":"Ye Tian ,&nbsp;Qingchao Li ,&nbsp;Zhenquan Liang ,&nbsp;Shulong Xiao ,&nbsp;Xinyi Li ,&nbsp;Xicheng Wang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Tian ,&nbsp;Yuyong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the tensile creep experiments at 750–850 °C under 150 MPa were conducted on Ti-43Al-6Nb-1Mo-1Cr (at.%) alloy and Ti-43Al-6Nb-1Mo-1Cr-0.5C alloy. The findings reveal that the high-temperature creep performance of both alloys exhibits significant sensitivity to the creep temperature. Introducing the C element leads to a significant reduction in the steady-state creep rate and enhances the creep performance of TiAl alloys. Furthermore, the creep apparent activation energy increases from 334.52 kJ mol⁻¹ to 350.85 kJ mol⁻¹ following the introduction of C. Microstructure evolution during creep encompasses several typical types: (i) dynamic recrystallization, which predominantly occurs at the lamellar colony boundaries and has a softening effect; (ii) phase transformation from the B2 phase to the γ phase, leading to the formation of ellipsoidal γ phases within the blocky B2 phase and at the B2/γ phase interface; (iii) lamellar degradation, it causes B2 phase to precipitate at the interface of lamellae; (iv) the precipitation of carbides, C element dissolves completely in the initial microstructure and precipitates dynamically during creep. Carbides can pin dislocations and induce the generation of twins, thereby enhancing the creep performances of alloys. Furthermore, an increase in temperature will promote microstructure evolution, resulting in increased dynamic recrystallization, larger-sized γ phase, more lamellar degradation and more carbides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108749"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodeposition and properties of Ni-Co-W-(Mo-Cu) high/medium entropy alloy coatings deposited from an aqueous bath","authors":"D. Ahmadkhaniha ,&nbsp;D. Ascani ,&nbsp;M. Fedel ,&nbsp;C. Zanella","doi":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intermet.2025.108744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to deposit multi-elemental coatings, including Ni-Co-Mo-W, Ni-Co-Cu-W and Ni-Co-Cu-Mo-W, with different configurational entropy from an aqueous bath by direct current electrodeposition. For this purpose, the effect of current density on the elemental composition was studied, and it was shown that the induced deposition of W was mainly controlled by Co, while the induced deposition of Mo was affected by both Ni and Co. In addition, Ni showed an activation deposition mechanism, while Mo suffered from concentration polarization for a prolonged electrodeposition process. All elements deposited homogeneously through the coatings' thickness except Cu showed some segregation. However, XRD spectra proved to have an amorphous structure for all coatings. Upon heat treatment, the crystallization of the coatings occurs, which results in an increase in hardness values from 5.6 to 11 GPa by increasing the heat treatment temperature up to 800 °C in the case of Ni-Co-Mo-W coating. The maximum hardness values were achieved at 500 °C in other coatings, and then a slight decrease was observed. Polarization results of the as-deposited coatings showed the potential for passivation of these coatings. However, due to the defects in the coatings, they were not completely protective towards the substrate. The results suggest that the presence of Cu had the main impact on the coating's properties since it decreased Co deposition, the hardness and the thermal stability of the coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":331,"journal":{"name":"Intermetallics","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}