IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series最新文献_第2页

The Heterogeneous Effects of Large and Small Minimum Wage Changes: Evidence Over the Short and Medium Run Using a Pre-Analysis Plan 大小最低工资变化的异质效应:使用预分析计划的短期和中期证据

IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3386/w29264

Jeffrey Clemens, M. Strain

{"title":"The Heterogeneous Effects of Large and Small Minimum Wage Changes: Evidence Over the Short and Medium Run Using a Pre-Analysis Plan","authors":"Jeffrey Clemens, M. Strain","doi":"10.3386/w29264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w29264","url":null,"abstract":"This paper advances the use of pre-analysis plans in non-experimental research settings. In a study of recent minimum wage changes, we demonstrate how analyses of medium- and long-run impacts of policy interventions can be pre-specified as extensions to short-run analyses. Further, our pre-analysis plan includes comparisons of the effects of large vs. small minimum wage increases, which is a theoretically motivated dimension of heterogeneity. We discuss how these use cases harness the strengths of pre-analysis plans while mitigating their weaknesses. This project's initial analyses explored CPS and ACS data from 2011 through 2015. Alongside these analyses, we pre-committed to analyses incorporating CPS and ACS data extending through 2019. Averaging across the specifications in our pre-analysis plan, we estimate that relatively large minimum wage increases reduced employment rates among low-skilled individuals by just over 2.5 percentage points. Our estimates of the effects of relatively small minimum wage increases vary across data sets and specifications but are, on average, both economically and statistically indistinguishable from zero. We estimate that medium-run effects exceed short-run effects and that the elasticity of employment with respect to the minimum wage is substantially more negative for large minimum wage increases than for small increases.","PeriodicalId":331900,"journal":{"name":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125569907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

California's Paid Family Leave Law and the Employment of 45-64 Year Old Adults 加州带薪家庭休假法与45-64岁成年人的就业

IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-08-28 DOI: 10.1093/workar/waab022

A. Bartel, Soohyun Kim, C. Ruhm, Jane Waldfogel

{"title":"California's Paid Family Leave Law and the Employment of 45-64 Year Old Adults","authors":"A. Bartel, Soohyun Kim, C. Ruhm, Jane Waldfogel","doi":"10.1093/workar/waab022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waab022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Paid family leave allows workers to take time off from work to care for a family member with a serious health condition, with reduced financial risk and increased job continuity. In 2004, California was the first state in the nation to implement a paid family leave program allowing workers to take up to 8 weeks off work with partial pay to care for their own or a family member’s serious health condition. Although the effects of California’s law on the labor supply of parents of newborns have been extensively studied, the role of paid family leave in the labor supply of workers who may need to provide care for a spouse has not been studied widely. We examine the effects of California’s law on the employment of workers who are aged 45–64 and have a disabled spouse, using the 2001–2008 American Community Survey. Our preferred estimates suggest the paid leave program increased the employment of 45- to 64-year-old women with a disabled spouse in California by around 0.9 percentage points (or 1.4% on a prelaw base rate of 65.9%) in the postlaw period compared with their counterparts in other states, with a 2.9 percentage point rise in private-sector employment. The employment of men with a disabled spouse in California also increased, but by a smaller amount: 0.7 percentage points (or 0.8% on a prelaw base 86.8%; with a nonsignificant 0.4 percentage point decrease in private-sector employment).","PeriodicalId":331900,"journal":{"name":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128514452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Early-Life Famine Exposure, Hunger Recall and Later-Life Health 早期饥荒暴露、饥饿回忆与晚年健康

IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-06-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3870300

Zichen Deng, M. Lindeboom

引用次数: 1

Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Children's Academic Performance in China 精准扶贫与中国儿童学习成绩

IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.1111/ROIW.12517

Huifu Nong, Qing Zhang, Hongjia Zhu, Rong Zhu

引用次数: 8

Ex Ante Inequality of Opportunity in Health Among the Elderly in China: A Distributional Decomposition Analysis of Biomarkers 中国老年人健康机会的事前不平等:生物标志物的分布分解分析

IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/ROIW.12514

Lanlin Ding, Andrew M. Jones, P. Nie

{"title":"Ex Ante Inequality of Opportunity in Health Among the Elderly in China: A Distributional Decomposition Analysis of Biomarkers","authors":"Lanlin Ding, Andrew M. Jones, P. Nie","doi":"10.1111/ROIW.12514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ROIW.12514","url":null,"abstract":"We present a comprehensive analysis of ex ante inequality of opportunity (IOp) in health among Chinese adults aged 60+ and decompose the contributions of different sets of circumstances. Data are drawn from the 2011 and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) linked with the 2014 CHARLS Life History Survey. We use a range of blood-based biomarkers, and apply a re-centered influence function (RIF) approach and a Shapley-Shorrocks decomposition to partition the contribution of circumstances across different quantiles of the biomarker distributions. We find that IOp accounts for between 3.75% and 29.57% of total health inequality in old age across the range of biomarkers. Shapley-Shorrocks decompositions show that spatial circumstances such as urban/rural residence and province of residence are the dominant determinants of IOp for most of the biomarkers. Distributional decompositions further reveal that the relative contributions to IOp in health of household socioeconomic status and health and nutrition conditions in childhood increase towards the right tails of the distribution for most of the biomarkers, where the clinical risk is focused.","PeriodicalId":331900,"journal":{"name":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114174817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Generation of Italian Economists 一代意大利经济学家

IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3851043

Enrico Nano, U. Panizza, M. Viarengo

{"title":"A Generation of Italian Economists","authors":"Enrico Nano, U. Panizza, M. Viarengo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3851043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3851043","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the role of financial aid in shaping the formation of human capital in economics. Specifically, we study the impact of a large merit-based scholarship for graduate studies in affecting individuals' occupational choices, career trajectories, and labor market outcomes of a generation of Italian economists with special focus on gender gaps and the role of social mobility. We construct a unique dataset that combines archival sources and includes microdata for the universe of applicants to the scholarship program and follow these individuals over their professional life. Our unique sample that focuses on the high end of the talent and ability distribution also allows us to analyze the characteristics of top graduates, a group which tends to be under-sampled in most surveys. We discuss five main results. First, women are less likely to be shortlisted for a scholarship as they tend to receive lower scores in the most subjective criteria used in the initial screening of candidates. Second, scholarship winners are much more likely to choose a research career and this effect is larger for women. Third, women who work in Italian universities tend to have less citations than men who work in Italy. However, the citation gender gap is smaller for candidates who received a scholarship. Fourth, women take longer to be promoted to the rank of full professor, even after controlling for academic productivity. Fifth, it is easier to become a high achiever for individuals from households with a lower socio-economic status if they reside in high social mobility provinces. However, high-achievers from lower socio-economic status households face an up-hill battle even in high social mobility provinces.","PeriodicalId":331900,"journal":{"name":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123710045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Gender Gaps in Cognitive and Noncognitive Skills: Roles of Ses and Gender Attitudes 认知与非认知技能的性别差异:性别角色与性别态度

IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-01-31 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3788115

Justine Hervé, Subha Mani, J. Behrman, Arindam Nandi, Anjana Sankhil Lamkang, R. Laxminarayan

引用次数: 1

Biased Health Perceptions and Risky Health Behaviors: Theory and Evidence 有偏见的健康观念和危险的健康行为:理论和证据

IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-01-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3594130

Patrick Arni, D. Dragone, L. Goette, Nicolas R. Ziebarth

引用次数: 26

A Short History of the Gender Wage Gap in Britain 英国性别工资差距简史

IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1093/OXREP/GRAA046

A. Bryson, H. Joshi, B. Wielgoszewska, D. Wilkinson

引用次数: 15

Who and for How Long? An Empirical Analysis of the Consumers' Response to Red Meat Warning 谁和多久?消费者对红肉警告反应的实证分析

IZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-11-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3734750

V. Carrieri, Francesco Principe

引用次数: 3