Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development最新文献

{"title":"Seismic Stratigraphy and Development of Deep Fluvial Channel Incisionsin the Middle Miocene Deposits, Ewan and Oloye Fields, NorthwesternNiger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Durogbitan Aa","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000198","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic interpretation of depth converted three-dimensional seismic survey from Ewan and Oloye fields; onshore northwestern Niger Delta has helped in the identification of incised valleys (up to 350 m) deep. This study evaluated their morphologies, evolution and the local controls that influence their development. The seismic reflections of the incised valleys are characterized by low-moderate amplitude, variable internal reflections, aggradational, chaotic and progradational-sigmoid reflection patterns overlying by parallel to sub-parallel reflections configuration. The seismic reflection characteristics are probably due to variable sedimentation processes within the valleys which were affected by mass wasting. Asymmetry morphology of the valleys suggests fluvial origin while low sinuosity of the channel may indicate high gradient and high discharge. The occurrence of incised valleys landward of the shelf edge suggests and partially reflects underlying structural control. This might be caused by uplift due to shale diapirism (shelf instability). The magnitude of incision is difficult to explain in terms of sea-level fall alone because ecstaticallydriven sea level variations during the Miocene are generally reported to be less than 100 m. This suggests that the character of fluvial incisions development and depositional facies preserved within the study area is locally controlled by growth faults, rapid relative sea level changes, basin physiography (shelf edge), shelf instability, variation in sediment input, slope collapse (mass flow depositional processes and downward cutting by downslope sediment flow). The incised valleys within the study area probably serve as conduits for sediment transport to the deep water. Seismic delineation of the distribution and morphology of these incised valleys may also provide critical input for reservoir modeling and volumetric analysis.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133022529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comb Grouper (Mycteroperca acutirostris) Information from Catches atCopacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","authors":"T. B. Andreoli, M. Ramires, Marie-Laure Clauzet, A. Begossi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000200","url":null,"abstract":"Reef fishes are of great importance for artisanal fisheries in the coast of Brazil. For example, snappers and groupers are very important targets of small-scale fisheries; among the groupers, two are of notable importance: the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) and the comb grouper (Mycteroperca acutirostris). The urgency of their management has been stressed in some studies. Compared to E. marginatus and to other groupers, there is a rather scarce literature and information on comb grouper. There is some information for M. bonaci. Comb grouper is an important target fish for artisanal fisheries in Brazil. Even though there are studies of comb groupers in Brazil, there is lack of information on the reproduction of comb groupers.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127046228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic Consequences of Long-term Global Salination of Ocean","authors":"G. Banfalvi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000196","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term salination of two major osmolyte systems, the ocean and the inner environment of vertebrates has been compared. The average osmolality of today’s sea (1.09 Osm) is more than three times higher than that of the blood of land vertebrates (~0.3 Osm). Of the two major strategies for ionic adaptation, in the first pattern the osmolarity of organisms (unicells, invertebrates, primitive vertebrates) equals that of the surrounding water, but the qualitative composition of body or cells fluid differ from those of the environment. In the second pattern of ionic adaptation advanced invertebrates and vertebrates maintain their energy consuming osmotic content and ionic composition of their extracellular environment. In spite of geological changes, terrestrial vertebrates maintained their physiological ionic concentration that corresponded to the sea at the time of their emergence in the Devonian era, rather than the osmolality of the ocean maintained its constancy. Paradoxically, the recent global melting of ice and snow with its temporary dilution effect is opposed by the long-term salination of the ocean. To resolve the contradiction between the salination process and its short term oscillations supported by Raoult’s law of dilute solutions, glacial periods favoring salination and interglacial periods of dilutions are: a) characterized as salinity fluctuations over geological ages, b) representing a dynamic osmolyte system against a general geochemical balance, c) directed towards a general salination process of oceans interrupted by glacial and interglacial oscillations. The gradually increasing salinity of ocean poses a long-term threat to the biodiversity and global life. It is assumed that unless mitigative measures of global proportion will be implemented, biodiversity of life on Earth will be endangered by the salinity of oceans and the shrinkage of the fresh water resources.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117074360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and Characterization of a Novel Kidney-cell Line fromOrange-spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides, and its Susceptibility toGrouper Iridovirus","authors":"Sue-Min Huang, C. Tu, S. Kuo, H. Kuo, C. Chou, Shao-Kuang Chang","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000192","url":null,"abstract":"A new continuous cell line, designated as GK-7, was developed from the kidney tissue of the marine grouper, Epinephelus coioides. The cell line grew well in Leibovitz’s L-15 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum at a range of temperatures from 20 to 32℃, with optimal growth at 25℃. Morphologically, the GK-7 cell line is spindleshaped epithelial-like cell comfirmed by immunophenotyping with cytokeratin antibody. Chromosome number analysis showed that GK-7 cells of the 50th and 150th cell passages had a modal diploid chromosome number of 48 and 66, respectively. Replication of GIV with the cell line showed that the maximum virus yield reached up 108.4 TCID50 mL-1 with the cells of the 50th passage. Electron micrographs showed abundant cytoplasmic icosahedral virions with a mean diameter of 200 nm in virus-infected cells. Negative staining of ultrathin sections of infected cells showed three-layered membrane enveloped mature viral particles with a diameter about 240 nm. Green fluorescent protein can be expressed in both cell lines at 48 hr after the cell lines were transfected with a green fluorescent reporter gene driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter. Our results showed that the GK-7 cell line provided valuable tools for the isolation and investigation of fish iridovirus and for vaccine production.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124142280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Approach to Use Phage Therapy against Aeromonas hydrophilaInduced Motile Aeromonas Septicemia in Nile Tilapia","authors":"Elnaiem Da, G. El–Didamony, M. Th","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000194","url":null,"abstract":"Infections with Aeromonas hydrophila is a progressive problem in aquaculture. The use of antibiotic such as Ciprofloxacine has contributed to the rapid and effective treatment of disease cause by this organism. However the Fast-paced increase of resistance to the Said antibiotics has posed problems and there is now a new approach to look for alternative method to control this bacterial pathogen. Phage therapy comes in as a new method to respond to these growing problems. This study demonstrated the promising action of isolated bacteriophage ΦZH1 and ΦZH2 for therapy against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia in Nile tilapia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133167125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Re-evaluation of the Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Faciesof Middle Miocene Paralic Deposits (Agbada Formation), Ewan and OloyeFields, Northwestern Niger Delta","authors":"Durogbitan A Abimbola","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000193","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses depositional environments and facies of the middle Miocene (Agbada Formation), northwestern Niger delta, based on cores and well log data, and incorporating ichonological data, that has led to a revision and re-evaluation of the facies within the study area. Log motif analysis, calibrated by lithology descriptions based on core photos, was used to define log facies associations and to identify stacking patterns and key surfaces. Six main wireline log facies associations have been recognized using gamma ray log motifs calibrated with core. Within the cored interval two lithofacies associations have also been identified, based on composition, colour, sedimentary structures, and ichnofabric. They are: slope channel sand and shoreface sequences. The interpreted depositional facies model suggests an extensive development of marine dominated slope channel fill and shoreface deposits in the northwestern part of the delta. This suggests that in the studied area, the coastal barrier complex contains a large amount of sand that was originally deposited in river mouth bars, but was laterally removed by longshore current and re-deposited on the shoreline margin and basin ward through developed of canyons on the slope which serves as feeders and conducts for slope and basin fans. The descriptive framework for the ichnofabrics analysis is based on bioturbation index (degree of bioturbation), burrow size, burrow frequency and ichonological diversity. Six ichnofabrics are recognized within the core namely: Planolites-Teichnichnus, Planolites-Phoebichnus, Planolites, Planolites-Thalassinoides, Teichichnus-PhoebichnusPlanolites and Palaeophycus-Planolites ichnofabrics. Observed tiering patterns are both simple and complex, which may reflect gradual aggradation or degradation of the substrate leading to overprinting as a stable ichnofauna structure develops. This type of tiering arrangement indicates a stable environment. The ichnofabrics are named after the dominant trace observed. Sedimentological analyses indicated that the depositional environments range from inner shelf to offshore.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123380286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of the Niger Delta: Local Facies Belts Orientation versusDepobelts and Growth Fault Orientations","authors":"Durogbitan A Abimbola","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000190","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents for the first time, evidence and the relationship between the ancient coastal belt and the modern coastal belt in terms of local facies belts orientation versus depobelt and fault orientations within the Niger Delta. This observation suggests that the ancient coastal belt of the delta is more lobate /arcuate than the modern Niger delta. The delta became broadly convex to the sea during the late Miocene. Deltas are influenced by a variety of fluvial and marine processes and these processes controlled their morphology. The most widely used classification scheme today is that of Galloway who subdivided delta according to their dominant processes i.e. rivers, waves and tide. Fluvially dominated deltas tend to display lobate-elongate morphology, e.g. the Balize delta- Mississippi. In contrast wave-dominated deltas tend to be more lobate and have smooth, arcuate to cuspate margins, e.g. the Nile delta. Tide dominated deltas tended to be estuarine to irregular in geometry. Although the Niger delta has been characterized to be mixed influenced delta showing the combination of the effects of river, wave and tidal processes, the modern Niger delta has been described to be more wave dominated and more lobate, and the classification falls within the wave dominated section on Galloway classifications. This implies that during Miocene, the delta was more fluvially dominated in relation to sediment supply and basinal processes (wave and tide). This also implies that the modern Niger delta cannot be used as a direct analogue for the ancient delta.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126465086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Sheraoh Island at South-Eastern Qatar: First Distributional Records of Some Inland and Offshore Biota with Annotated Checklist","authors":"M. M. Kardousha, A. Al-Muftah, J. Al-Khayat","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000191","url":null,"abstract":"Sheraoh island is the most remote among Qatari islands, nearly 73.5 km south-eastern of the mainland of the peninsula. In March 2010, a preliminary general survey of the species was conducted. Observations were made partly by wading and snorkeling in the intertidal zone and partly by surveying the inland habitats. In total the 31 species were recorded, 4 species of halophyte plants: Halopeplis perfoliata, Suaeda vermiculata, Salsola baryosoma and Zygophyllum qatarense, one unexpected terrestrial mammal: the cape hare Lepus capensis, 2 species of visiting birds: Motacilla flava and Anthus campestus and one species of sea bird. Phalacrocorax nigrogularis, one dolphin species: Sousa chinensis. The largest richness was found in the marine habitats, 3 species of sea weeds: Colpomenia sinusa, Padina boergesenii and Sargassum boveanum, 3 species of corals: Anomastraea irregularis, Platygyra lamellina and Porites harrisoni, 2 species of nudibranchs: Chromodoris cazae and Chromodoris sp. (unidentified)., 4 crab species: Hermit crab (unidentified), Etisus laevimanus, Grapsus albolineatus and Lambrus prensor, 4 species of echinoderms: Pentacentral mammillatus, Ophiothela venusta, Diadema setosum and Echinometra mathaei, 5 species of bony fish: Doryrhamphus sp. (larva), Cypserulus oligolepis, Lethrinus nebulosus, Cephalopholis miniatus and Hemiramphus marginatus, one species of sea snakes: Hydrophis sp. The most striking result is to collect an unknown nudibranch species and to report the cape hare which is unexpected inhabitant. All figures of this study are published for the first time in Qatar.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127092646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic and Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of Ewan and Oloye Fields(Middle Miocene), Northwestern Niger Delta: Implications for DeltaicDepositional Sequences","authors":"Durogbitan A Abimbola","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000197","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this works is to define local sequence variability and its implications for deltaic depositional sequences within the studied area. This research work makes use of depth converted three dimensional seismic cube, well logs, core photography descriptions and biostratigraphic reports. Recognition and interpretation of stratal surfaces were based on facies shifts and stacking patterns and reflection terminations derived from the interpretation of seismic data and wireline logs integrated with core photography and biostratigraphic reports. Seismic stratigraphic analysis of well and seismic data suggests that middle Miocene- early Pliocene strata within the studied area were made of six depositional sequences. Sequences are made up aggradational to progradational HST that makes up about 50% of a sequence. TST are thin and widespread while LST are restricted to within WNWESE trending valley fills typically 4 km wide and an average 120 m deep. Outside the LST valleys, transgressive surfaces, maximum flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries are coincident on interfluves. This suggests that during LST times most of the area was periodically subaerially exposed and several incised valleys/canyons were developed. These incisions/canyons acted as a sand feeder that led to the deposition of high amplitude deposits (sandstones) on the slope and within the basin floor setting. Sequences mapped over the study area show local variation associated with growth faults. There is a strong local growth fault control on sequence variability. Further local controls on sequence geometry are shelf instability and slope scars which have a strong geomorphological impact on the area. The depth of incised valleys within the uppermost HST (up to 350 m) is difficult to explain in terms of sea level fall alone because eustatically-driven sea level variations during the Miocene are generally reported to be less than 100 m (330 ft). This suggests that the character of sequence development and depositional facies preserved within the study area depends on relative sea level changes, relative rates of regional structural collapse and sedimentation rate. The occurrence of several incisions in the middle Miocene succession is interpreted as evidence of significant relative sea level fluctuations, and the presence of type-1 sequence boundaries may be the stratigraphic signature of major drops in relative sea level during Miocene and Pliocene. Variability within the depositional sequences is said to be largely controlled by local growth faults, rapid relative sea level changes, basin physiography (shelf edge) and high rate of sediment influx.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121423097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioacoustic Spectral Whistle Sound and Behaviour of Male Dolphin Bottle Nose ( Tursiops aduncus ) at Safari Park Indonesia, Cisarua Bogor","authors":"Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis, P. Wulandari, T. Hestirianoto, S. Pujiyati","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000189","url":null,"abstract":"Whistle sound is generally used for echolocation purposes, while the sound of the blast-beat and whistles play a major role in internal and inter-group communication. The purpose of this research is to know the power spectral patterns and fluctuations in sound based on frequency and Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the sounds produced by dolphins and observing the position of dolphins, Noisy Time Domain (NTD) and behavior using underwater camera, and also comparing between time and sound spectrum. Data recording was taken at the Safari Park of Cisarua Bogor in Indonesia, by taking data in show pool and show pool. The results showed that salinity before feeding time in the show pool with replication 1,2, and 3 has salinity value that is equal to 30%. Data at the show pool before feeding with replications 1,2, and 3 has a salinity of 29%. Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the whistle sound before feeding was different from one another, but it has the same frequency range. The highest intensity values is at sound whistle 3 before feeding time at the show pool with an intensity value of 28.03 dB/Hz with frequency interval of 14642-16000 Hz. F-test at the show pool before meals has heterogeneous value. Treat before meals at the show pool has a value of P < 0.001 and P < 0.001. Value Noisy Time Domain has differences with each other and has a lot of different sound patterns. In general, there are real differences are evidenced by F test on a range of time at each whistle on physiotherapy and swimming pool show in the time before meals. The position of dolphins in a pool show more dominant and often in the bottom of the pool, the position of the dolphins affects the frequency.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126014665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}