{"title":"Indoor Positioning System using Light Emitting Diode","authors":"Jun Kit Foong, Y. C. See, O. Ng","doi":"10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689178","url":null,"abstract":"Visible light communication (VLC) is a kind of wireless data transmission that delivers data through visible light modulation. Considering this, VLC is used in an indoor positioning system (IPS). This paper explores the concept of VLC in IPS by constructing a hardware system. The proposed system comprises four transmitter circuits with a Bridgelux light-emitting diode modulated to four unique frequencies by 555 timers. A receiver circuit with an STM32F401C discovery board which has an ARM Cortex M4 microcontroller, is connected to an OPT101 photodiode. On the received analogue optical signal, the microcontroller will perform an Analogue-to-Digital Conversion and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The FFT's Received Signal Strength (RSS) is fed into a Lambertian optical wireless direct current gain. The distance and position of the photodiode receiver in relation to the LED transmitters are calculated using trilateration technique. Without external ambient illumination, the suggested system can achieve an average location accuracy of 0.2321 m.","PeriodicalId":331220,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC 2021)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117139737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raihah Aminuddin, Muhammad Azziq Shamsudin, Nor Izreen Fara Abdul Wahab
{"title":"Mobile Application Framework for Monitoring Target Heart Rate Zone During Physical Exercise Using Deep Learning","authors":"Raihah Aminuddin, Muhammad Azziq Shamsudin, Nor Izreen Fara Abdul Wahab","doi":"10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689179","url":null,"abstract":"As excessive physical exercise may increase the risk of injury, causes fatigue, and may lead to death, an athlete's performance and health must be monitored. Monitoring the intensity of training using Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) method during physical exercise has been widely used by athletes and personal trainers in order to understand the effects of training intensity on their health and performance. In relation to this, the intensity of the exercise can be determined using the RPE method and athlete's Target Heart Rate (THR) zone. Therefore, this study proposes a mobile application to monitor the THR zone of athletes automatically during physical exercise sessions using the Faster Region Based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) algorithm. The algorithm has been widely used in facial recognition and has a high recognition rate and accuracy. This study implements a modified waterfall model as the methodology. The developed application will benefit athletes and trainers as they will gain immediate feedback during their physical exercise sessions.","PeriodicalId":331220,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC 2021)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121979223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Controllability Study of Two-Wheel Robot for Nonlinear Optimal Control and Implementation","authors":"Surapong Kokkrathoke, Xu Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689177","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the benefits of controllability study, used to facilitate the implementation of a nonlinear optimal controller. The controllability technique can be applied to investigate the controllable ranges of different state-space models from the same physical system. Once the controllability of each mathematical model is established, controllable parts from different models are selected to build a new joint model before implementing the nonlinear freezing optimal control and extended Kalman filter. When applied to a two-wheel LEGO EV3 robot, the novel mixing model demonstrates excellent stabilising control results compared against both previous models by: 1) producing smoother transient behaviour with less oscillations and 2) demonstrating a broader initial pitch angle range for stabilisation using a nonlinear optimal controller.","PeriodicalId":331220,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC 2021)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133925319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Normidatul Salwa Sobri, Phang Guan Lin, Nur Akmal Binti Haniffah, Zulkiffli Abd Kadir, K. Hudha, M. S. Rahmat
{"title":"Impact Testing of Magnetorheological Elastomer Based Matrix Material and Magnetic Particle","authors":"Normidatul Salwa Sobri, Phang Guan Lin, Nur Akmal Binti Haniffah, Zulkiffli Abd Kadir, K. Hudha, M. S. Rahmat","doi":"10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689137","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetorheological Elastomer (MRE) is a responsive device that consists of magnetic-field-dependent materials spreading over a polymeric matrix that produce modulus feedback known as magnetorheological effect (MR effect). The composition of these materials in the MRE is one of the factors that influence the MR effect and overall behaviour of MRE - hence, becoming the focus of this study. In this study, the MRE is fabricated and tested in the laboratory for impact tests to evaluate the capability of the proposed composition in producing force absorption. The experimental results show that MRE specimen that made up of a composition of 60% of CIP and 40% of Room Temperature Vulcanization (RTV) silicon rubber records the maximum absorption force at each current compared to other compositions.","PeriodicalId":331220,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC 2021)","volume":"339 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124770416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Akmal Shaik Mydin, M. H. Alkawaz, K. Ghafoor, Omar Farook Mohammad, Md Gapar Md Johar
{"title":"A Study on Medical Image Compression Techniques based on Huffman Coding and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)","authors":"Muhammad Akmal Shaik Mydin, M. H. Alkawaz, K. Ghafoor, Omar Farook Mohammad, Md Gapar Md Johar","doi":"10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689166","url":null,"abstract":"In emergency situations, different types of medical images must be transferred from one place to another, and larger-sized images are difficult to transfer because they are time-consuming and take up more storage space. The size of the images that belongs to a single patient is very large, and it includes the resolution factor as well as diagnostic images. As a result, effective compression techniques for these medical images are required. Therefore, this paper has studied and analyzed the previous methods for the medical image compression using Huffman Coding & Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). This paper is also highlighted the strength and the weaknesses of Huffman Coding and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) along with the parameters measurement that used for image compression.","PeriodicalId":331220,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC 2021)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116070378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharifah Athirah Sharif Zulkepele, Safaa N. Saud Al-Humairi, Jeeventra Sharma Chandrasekaran, A. S. Ahmad, R. J. Daud
{"title":"Towards A Clean Energy: Design A Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Generation System for Highway Streetlights","authors":"Sharifah Athirah Sharif Zulkepele, Safaa N. Saud Al-Humairi, Jeeventra Sharma Chandrasekaran, A. S. Ahmad, R. J. Daud","doi":"10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSPC53359.2021.9689162","url":null,"abstract":"As the world's power consumption is regularly increasing, demand for more power generation is inevitable. The current system of Malaysia's majority street light depends on the electrical grid system that operates under considerable manpower and maintenance routine; these systems are not reliable as they are dependent on an electrical grid system that uses non-renewable sources. This paper will describe a novel system that includes a hybrid renewable energy system for street light using combined solar energy with photovoltaic panels and vertical wind. The utilization of a merged solar and wind turbine system was utilized to ensure the supply of electricity independently due to the system working as a standalone system for the supply of street lights with a 24/7 monitoring system. Based on experimental findings, the voltage produced by solar or wind depends on climate changes. The dual system's voltage and current generated are reliable and nearly constant since both energies are generated.","PeriodicalId":331220,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE 9th Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC 2021)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115185669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}