Annals of Nigerian Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A case of multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma","authors":"K. Tagore, R. Kumar, N. Bhavani, S. Ramachander","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.100223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.100223","url":null,"abstract":"Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma is an unusual mesothelial lesion that deserves separate consideration because of its characteristic histologic picture and its benign behavior. In the past, this lesion was often confused with cystic lymphangioma, mesenteric lymphatic cyst, diffuse mesothelioma, and disseminated form of mucin-producing adenocarcinoma. Diagnostic accuracy and long-term follow-up are needed due to high incidence of recurrence. We report a rare case of huge multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma in a 36-year-old woman. At follow-up 18 months after surgery, the patient remained asymptomatic with no further growth.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"25 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131338159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health care financing in Nigeria: Which way forward?","authors":"B. Olakunde","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.100199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.100199","url":null,"abstract":"The way a country finances its health care system is a key determinant of the health of its citizenry. Selection of an adequate and efficient method(s) of financing in addition to organizational delivery structure for health services is essential if a country is set to achieve its national health objective of providing health for all. Health care in Nigeria is financed by tax revenue, out-of-pocket payments, donor funding, and health insurance (social and community). However, achieving successful health care financing system continues to be a challenge in Nigeria. This article examines the different financing mechanisms that have been used in Nigeria, including the National Primary Health Care Development Fund proposed for increasing the resource allocation to primary health care. It draws on available and relevant literature to provide an overview and the state of public health care financing in Nigeria. This article concludes by recommending the need for Nigeria to explore and strengthen other mechanisms of health system and shift focus from out-of-pocket payments, address the issues that have undermined public health care financing in Nigeria, improve on evidence-based planning, and prompt implementation of the National Health Bill when signed into law.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117314191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of clinical and etiological profile of community-acquired pneumonia with special reference to atypical pneumonia","authors":"TC Nagesh Kumar, Roshna Rafiudeen, K. Rashmi","doi":"10.4103/anm.anm_26_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/anm.anm_26_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often difficult to establish. The most effective methods, especially for the diagnosis of atypical pathogens, are often invasive and may not always be justified. We studied the clinical and etiological profile of CAP, especially with regards to pathogens causing atypical pneumonia. Aims and Objectives: The aim is to study the clinical profile and etiological agents in patients suffering from CAP in our hospital and to detect proportion of atypical pathogens among these CAP patients. Methodology: From September 2012 to September 2014, 122 patients were diagnosed as having CAP and were included in this study. After sputum, blood culture, and serological evaluation, they were grouped as having typical and atypical pneumonia. Chi-square test was used as statistical method to compare between these two groups. Results: Of 122 patients, 40.2% of patients were found to have typical organisms and 20.5% had atypical organisms causing pneumonia. The common etiological agents were Streptococcus pneumoniae (15.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.2%) among typical pneumonia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (7.4%) and Legionella pneumophila (5.7%) among atypical pneumonia cases. Conclusions: It is difficult to differentiate these causative agents by clinical features alone. Hence, appropriate serological, sputum, and blood culture should be carried out for early diagnosis, prompt treatment and also to reduce complications.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132883317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence among pregnant women in Minna, Nigeria","authors":"I. Ndams, I. Joshua, S. Luka, H. Sadiq, S. Ayodele","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.73871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.73871","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the dominant mode of acquisition of HIV infection for children, currently resulting in more than 200 new pediatric HIV infections each year worldwide. In most cases, MTCT of HIV is believed to occur close to or during childbirth. Materials and Methods : A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at General Hospital Minna, Nigeria, to elicit their sociodemographic characteristics and determine their HIV status. Structured questionnaires and interviews were the tools used for the collection of data. Results: The mean age and age range of the respondents were 20 years and 20-42 years, respectively. Of the 231 samples collected, 18 (7.8%) tested positive for HIV, and 11 (18.2%) of these were students. Conclusion: The study showed a significant HIV prevalence, which could serve as a baseline data for subsequent monitoring of the disease among pregnant women in Minna. And, there is need for sensitization of people on voluntary counselling and testing and other core interventions of prevention of maternal to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, such as anti-retroviral prophylaxis, safer delivery and infant-feeding practices in view of its advantages.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123485136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclavian artery aneurysm with incidental bovine aortic arch branch","authors":"G. Ogbole, A. Adeyinka, E. Umeh","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.119987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.119987","url":null,"abstract":"Aneurysms of the Subclavian artery are uncommon, accounting for less than 0.2% of all arterial aneurysms. The most common causes are arteriosclerosis, thoracic outlet obstruction, and trauma. Anomalous branching aortic arrangements are less uncommon, occurring in some 35% of subjects. We report a case of subclavian artery aneurysm in a 62-year- old man presenting with a painless right supraclavicular swelling of approximately 30 years duration. He was a known hypertensive diagnosed 21 years previously and compliant with medication. His serum lipid profile was normal. Doppler Ultrasound of the right subclavian artery showed a thin walled fusiform aneurysmal dilatation located 3.6 cm from its origin with fine internal echoes, and measuring 2.74 cm in diameter. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) within the aneurysm was 33 cm/s, compared with 55 cm/s and 45 cm/s in the right pre-aneurysmal segment and left subclavian arteries respectively. There was turbulent flow and spectral broadening within the aneurysm. Computerized Tomographic (CT) angiography of the aortic arch confirmed a right subclavian aneurysm, and showed an anomalous origin of the left common carotid and subclavian arteries. An anomalous common origin of the left common carotid from the brachiocephalic trunk representing a bovine type variant is a rare condition, its association with subclavian artery aneurysm an even rarer finding.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116999087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Otitis Media in Children Attending Paediatric out-patient Department of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.","authors":"S. Adeleke, W. Ogala, Ha Akihionbare","doi":"10.4314/ANMED.V3I1.44310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ANMED.V3I1.44310","url":null,"abstract":"A prospective study of the incidence, predisposing factors, aetiological agents and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and complications were carried out in 165 consecutive children seen in the Paediatric Out-Patient Department of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. The age range of the patient was 10 days to 10 years with mean age of 2.5+ 0.2 years. The peak incidence was seen in Infancy. There were 90 males and 75 females with a male to female ratio of 1:0.8. The incidence of otitis media in this study was 1.53%. Ninety one (55.2%) cases were acute otitis media. A total of 350 isolates were recovered from 225 affected ears. Staphylococcus aureus 46.5% was predominant in acute otitis media while pseudomonas aeruginosa 30% was predominant in chronic otitis media. The distribution of various organisms 185(52.9%) gram – positive 148(41.70%) gram-negative and anaerobes 12(3.4%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis 3(0.9%), and fungi 2(0.6%). S taphylococcus aureus was found to be 100% sensitive to cloxacillin, erythromycin (94%), gentamycin (90%) and amoxicillin (90%) while the gram negative organisms were 100% sensitive to gentamycin. The major complications encountered were mastoid abscess (6.1%), hearing loss (4.8%), meatal stenosis (2.4%) and otogenic tetanus (1.8%). Other complications were facial nerve palsy and osteomyelitis (1.2%) each. It is therefore suggested that there should be prompt treatment of ear discharges. There should be control aimed at interrupting the transmission of infection agents especially the control programme against acute respiratory tract infections. Key words: Epidemiology, Otitis Media, Zaria","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124792449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile of acute flaccid paralysis: A study from a tertiary care centre in Kashmir, India","authors":"N. Mohsin, R. Asimi","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.189805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.189805","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: As a part of Global Polio Eradication Programme by World Health Organisation, surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) was an important public health activity in many countries. With nearing the eradication of poliomyelitis, other causes of AFP are gaining importance in both children and adults. This study was designed to know the clinical characteristics, and differential diagnosis of causes of AFP, including distribution by age, gender, and time. This was a prospective observational study. Methods: AFP cases were diagnosed on the basis of history and physical examination. The underlying etiology was ascertained by appropriate laboratory investigations such as arterial blood gas analysis, urinary pH, electrolytes, thyroid profile, electrophysiological studies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and imaging. Results: Between July 2010 and September 2012, 106 cases of AFP were enrolled. Out of 106 patients, 58 (54.7%) were suffering from acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, a subtype of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), 15 (14.2%) from hypokalemic paralysis, 8 (7.5%) from myasthenia gravis, 8 (7.5%) from thiamine deficiency, 5 (4.7%) from transverse myelitis, and 2 (1.9%) from cord compression. Other diagnoses include; acute motor axonal neuropathy 3 (2.8%), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 2 (1.9%), meningoencephalitis 2 (1.9%), diabetic polyneuropathy 2 (1.9%), and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy 1 (0.9%). Most cases, 42/106 (39.6%) were admitted during the spring season. Conclusion: GBS was the most common cause of AFP in all age groups. Most of the AFP cases occurred during spring season. No case of poliomyelitis was found.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130139871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Men′s perspectives on intimate partner abuse in an urban community in North-Western Nigeria","authors":"M. Ibrahim, S. Bashir, A. Umar, A. Gobir, S. Idris","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.141028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.141028","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intimate partner abuse (IPA) has many negative consequences on the health of women and their children, and on the economic and social development of communities. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of IPA among men in an urban community of North-Western, Nigeria, their reasons for engaging in it, and the complications experienced by their partners. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Samaru, Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. This was a cross-sectional study in which 397 married men were interviewed using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire containing both open- and close-ended questions. A man was considered to have engaged in IPA if he had engaged in at least one form of physical, sexual, emotional and/or economic abuse in the last 12 months. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 30.3 ± 27.5 years, and they were mostly Hausa-Fulani 183 (46.1%), and having tertiary education 238 (59.2%). Among all respondents, 186 (46.9%) had engaged in IPA in the last 12 months, the most common type being physical abuse 184 (46.3%). Of all IPAs, 78 (41.9%) occurred, while the partner was pregnant. Some common reasons for engaging in IPA include wife′s nagging and impatience, husband′s heavy drinking, and negligence of domestic duty by wife. Major complications of IPA experienced by their wives were physical injury and miscarriage. Conclusion: Prevalence of IPA amongst the respondents is very high, with almost half occurring during pregnancy. It is recommended that excessive alcohol consumption and gender roles should be discouraged in the community. In addition, screening of antenatal clinic attendees for IPA should be instituted in such communities.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133010331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbital and ocular trauma at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika-Zaria: A retrospective review","authors":"A. Rafindadi, V. Pam, D. Chinda, Fatima A Mahmud-Ajeigbe","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.119982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.119982","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Orbital and ocular trauma is a major cause of monocular blindness and visual impairment worldwide. The department of ophthalmology of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) only existed at the old Kaduna hospital prior to the full functional take off at the new Shika hospital complex. With the number of orbital/ocular trauma cases and resulting complications on the increase in the eye clinic, a review to determine the incidence, as well as management protocol will lead to improvement in the treatment and visual outcomes of future cases. Aim: To determine the incidence of orbital/ocular trauma in ABUTH, Shika-Zaria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study involving the analyses of all case files of patients who had orbital trauma and were treated at the eye clinic, ABUTH, Shika-Zaria between January 2006 and December 2007. A detailed protocol was used for data entry. Results: A total of 142 (1.8%) patients with orbital/ocular trauma were seen over a period of 2 years. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The age range was 4 months to 65 years. A unimodal age pattern was observed with peak occurrence in those 16-30 years (33.1%), closely followed by age group 0-15 years (32.4%). Individuals most commonly involved in orbital/ocular trauma were students (32.4%), while the home (42.3%) was the most common location where injury occurred. Mild blunt trauma (49.3%) was the most common diagnosis, followed by severe blunt trauma (30.3%). Severe and mild penetrating injury occurred in (16.2%) and (4.2%) of the patients respectively. Conclusion: An important cause of ocular morbidity presenting at the eye clinic of the ABUTH, Shika-Zaria is orbital/ocular trauma. Factors associated with increased occurrences of orbital/ocular trauma include younger age, male gender, being a student, and domestic and road traffic accidents. More care should be provided at school play grounds, and adequate supervision should be given to vulnerable groups in homes. Road safety rules and guidelines should be enforced on the highways.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131341622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a behavioral intervention on male involvement in birth preparedness in a rural community in Northern Nigerian","authors":"M. Ibrahim, M. Sufiyan, S. Idris, S. Asuke, S. Yahaya, A. Olorukooba, K. Sabitu","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.141025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.141025","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Delays in care seeking for obstetric emergencies are major determinants of maternal death in Nigeria. Birth preparedness has been found to be effective in reducing these delays. Male involvement is necessary for improving birth preparedness because of patriarchy which allows men to control women′s access to and utilization of maternal health care. Aim: To assess the effect of a health promotion intervention on male involvement in birth preparedness in a rural community in northern Nigeria. Materials and Method: A quasi-experimental study in which 205 and 206 married men were enrolled into study and control groups respectively. Pre-intervention, data were collected from both groups. Thereafter, a three-component health promotion intervention was carried out among the study group. Six months after, a post-intervention survey was carried out among both groups. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics 17.0, and statistical significance of difference between pre- and post-intervention levels of birth preparedness was determined using Chi-square test at P < 0.05. Qualitative data was analyzed manually according to themes. Results: Post-intervention, both study and control groups did not show statistically significant increase in the practice of birth preparedness. Analysis of qualitative data revealed that their religious beliefs were not in favour of the practice of birth preparedness. Conclusion: The intervention did not increase male involvement in birth preparedness likely due to religious misconceptions. Therefore, future studies should consider assessing the effect of interventions that employ religious approaches on birth preparedness.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126511426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}