Annals of Nigerian Medicine最新文献_第5页

HIV/AIDS treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: Towards universal access and universal "test and treat" strategy 撒哈拉以南非洲的艾滋病毒/艾滋病治疗:实现普遍可及和普遍“检测和治疗”战略

Annals of Nigerian Medicine Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.108106

Mukhtar Abdulmajid Adeiza

引用次数: 1

Exhaled nitric oxide in the diagnosis and management of bronchial asthma: From bench to bedside? 呼出一氧化氮在支气管哮喘诊断和治疗中的应用:从实验室到床边?

Annals of Nigerian Medicine Pub Date : 2011-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.92949

A. Abba, Mukhtar Abdulmajid Adeiza

引用次数: 0

Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: The tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma release assays 潜伏性结核感染的诊断:结核菌素皮肤试验和干扰素释放试验

Annals of Nigerian Medicine Pub Date : 2011-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.92946

Mukhtar Abdulmajid Adeiza

{"title":"Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: The tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma release assays","authors":"Mukhtar Abdulmajid Adeiza","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.92946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.92946","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) represent a complex interaction between the causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the human host immune response.[1] TB is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2 billion people are infected worldwide, and according to the 2010 global TB report, there were an estimated 9.4 million incident cases of TB with 12% of these occurring in HIV-positive patients.[2] The bulk of this disease burden resides in sub-Saharan Africa and the majorities of these infections are asymptomatic and may reactivate later in life. This huge global reservoir is termed latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and constitutes an important source of infection and a continuous source of transmission. The goal of testing for LTBI is to identify individuals who are at increased risk for the development of TB and therefore would benefit from treatment. Currently, there is no available gold standard or confirmatory test for the diagnosis of LTBI and available surrogates are not without limitations with respect to technical issues with test performance, cost, specificity, sensitivity, effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, and environmental mycobacteria. LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115090717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Study of blood glucose level in normal and low birth weight newborns and impact of early breast feeding in a tertiary care centre 三级保健中心正常和低出生体重新生儿血糖水平及早期母乳喂养影响的研究

Annals of Nigerian Medicine Pub Date : 2011-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.92951

A. De, R. Biswas, M. Samanta, C. Kundu

{"title":"Study of blood glucose level in normal and low birth weight newborns and impact of early breast feeding in a tertiary care centre","authors":"A. De, R. Biswas, M. Samanta, C. Kundu","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.92951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.92951","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Neonatal hypoglycemia, a common metabolic problem, often goes unnoticed owing to lack of specific symptoms. We designed this study to assess the incidence of hypoglycemia in healthy normal birth weight and low birth weight babies, including both preterm and small for gestational age (SGA) newborns, to evaluate the impact of early breastfeeding on hypoglycemia and to assess the impact of exclusive breast feeding on glucose values up to 48 h of age. Design and Settings: A hospital-based prospective longitudinal study. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted over six months involving one hundred fifty healthy (both term and preterm) appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or SGA babies with birth weight between 1.5 kg and 3.99 kg. Blood glucose values were measured at the age of 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after delivery which was independent of feeding time. Blood glucose value less than 40 mg/dl (2.2 mmol/l) was defined as hypoglycemia. Sick newborns, those less than 34 weeks of gestation or less than 1500 g, infant of diabetic mother, those with birth asphyxia, congenital malformations and endocrine deficiencies were excluded. Results: Overall incidence of hypoglycemia was 32%. Hypoglycemia was significantly greater in SGA and preterm as compared to AGA and term newborns respectively (P<0.001). Incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly more in newborns with delayed breast feeding than early breast feeding (64% vs 17%; P<0.001). Conclusion: Low birth weight babies (both preterm and small-for-date) are prone to develop hypoglycemia especially in first 24 h of life with delayed introduction of breast feeding being an additional risk.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127430558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

A case of tuberculous lymphadenitis with erythema nodosum 结核性淋巴结炎伴结节性红斑1例

Annals of Nigerian Medicine Pub Date : 2011-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.92956

S. Acharya, S. Shukla, Amit Gupta, Dinesh Singh, S. Diwan

引用次数: 1

Tuberculosis in the left inguinal region associated with cutaneous tuberculosis of left second toe: An unusual presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis 左腹股沟区结核伴左第二趾皮肤结核:肺外结核的不寻常表现

Annals of Nigerian Medicine Pub Date : 2011-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.92952

J. Kar, M. Kar, S. Maiti

引用次数: 1

Prevalence and determinants of "low birth weight" among institutional deliveries 机构分娩中“低出生体重”的患病率和决定因素

Annals of Nigerian Medicine Pub Date : 2011-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.92950

K. Agarwal, A. Agarwal, Vinita Agrawal, P. Agrawal, V. Chaudhary

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of \"low birth weight\" among institutional deliveries","authors":"K. Agarwal, A. Agarwal, Vinita Agrawal, P. Agrawal, V. Chaudhary","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.92950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.92950","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development. It is also a subject of clinical and epidemiological investigations. This study was planned to find out the epidemiological factors associated with low birth weight (LBW) among institutional deliveries so that suitable recommendation can be made to prevent LBW. Objectives: The present study was therefore undertaken to find out some maternal factors that may have their association, if any with LBW. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at tertiary care hospital among 350 mothers delivering live born neonate in study place. All babies were weighed within 24 hours after the birth. The babies were weighed on beam type weighing machine up to 20 g accuracy. LBW was defined as a birth weight of <2500 gram. All mothers were examined and interviewed within 24 hours after delivery and findings were recorded. The analysis was done using Epi Info package. Results : In this study, 40.0% mothers delivered LBW babies. Findings indicate that gestational age less than 37 weeks (76.5%), maternal age less than 20 years (58.5%), irregular antenatal checkup (70.5%), mother′s height less than 150 cm (68.5%), mother′s weight less than 50 kg (76.1%), hemoglobin less than 10 gm/dl (60.5%), severe physical work (78%), and tobacco chewing (58.5%) are significant determinants of LBW. Conclusion: Our study indicates that gestational age, maternal age, regular antenatal checkup, mother′s height, mother′s weight, anemia, physical work, and tobacco chewing are significant determinants of LBW. Prevalence of LBW can be reduced by increasing the gestational age, regular antenatal checkup, balanced diet during antenatal period, adequate rest during antenatal period, and avoiding the tobacco chewing.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116927894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 67

Amyand′s hernia: A rare occurrence Amyand疝气:罕见

Annals of Nigerian Medicine Pub Date : 2011-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.92955

T. Khan, M. Wani, A. Bijli, S. Wani, Nayeem-ul-hassan, I. Irshad, N. Shaheen, H. Khan

引用次数: 2

Epstein-Barr virus and associated head and neck manifestations 爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒及其相关的头颈部表现

Annals of Nigerian Medicine Pub Date : 2011-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.92947

Nitul Jain, Vishwas Bhatia, Sohail Lattoo

引用次数: 6

Profile of refractive errors and presbyopia in a university community: A clinical study 大学社区屈光不正和老花眼的临床研究

Annals of Nigerian Medicine Pub Date : 2010-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/0331-3131.78273

E. Abah, D. Chinda, E. Samaila, E. Anyebe

{"title":"Profile of refractive errors and presbyopia in a university community: A clinical study","authors":"E. Abah, D. Chinda, E. Samaila, E. Anyebe","doi":"10.4103/0331-3131.78273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-3131.78273","url":null,"abstract":"Aim : To determine the prevalence and distribution of refractive errors and presbyopia in the university community. Materials and Methods : A prospective study of all consecutive patients who visited A.B.U. Sick Bay between March 2009 and May 2010 was conducted. The ophthalmic nurse booked all patients whose visual acuity improved with the use of pinhole for further examination and refraction by one of two ophthalmologists who visited the facility twice a week. Those who did not turn up for refraction were excluded. Results : A total of 1448 patients with mean age of 24.6 SD± 4.9 years, distributed along gender and occupational lines, were seen within the study period. The prevalence of refractive errors and presbyopia was 15.8%. The prevalence of refractive error alone in the sample population was 9.5%, that of presbyopia only was 4.2% and that of those who had both refractive error and presbyopia was 2.1% (i.e. total prevalence of refractive errors = 11.6%). However, the total prevalence of presbyopia among those above 40 years was 49.7%. The predominant errors were astigmatism and simple myopia. Conclusion : Presbyopia and refractive errors, especially astigmatism and simple myopia, are common eye conditions in the university environment. Many patients would not turn up for their refraction appointments. It is recommended that mass enlightenment and screening for refractive errors be commenced, while routine assessment of new students and staff will also help to curb the negative impact on academic performance.","PeriodicalId":331118,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nigerian Medicine","volume":"27 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130165067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6