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Scientists as businessmen – can they, should they? 科学家作为商人——他们可以吗，他们应该吗?
Handbook of Universities and Regional Development Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.4337/9781784715717.00018
Katalin Erdős
{"title":"Scientists as businessmen – can they, should they?","authors":"Katalin ErdÅ‘s","doi":"10.4337/9781784715717.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715717.00018","url":null,"abstract":"The academic entrepreneurial processes attracted significant interest from policy makers and researchers alike. Extensive research tried to shed light among others on the factors that enhance academic entrepreneurship, the organizational consequences of those, respectively on the potential concerns that are related to them. Interestingly it seems that somewhat less attention has been given to one of the key actors in the entrepreneurial turn, to the scientists themselves. This chapter aims to provide an insight into the world of academic entrepreneurs by introducing their importance in the entrepreneurial processes, the motivations of scientist for entrepreneurship, respectively shedding light on their diverse involvement by differentiating between commercialization in engaged universities and commodification in entrepreneurial universities. Through some examples of the categorization of academic entrepreneurial types it also highlights the complexity of the phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":330924,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Universities and Regional Development","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114906467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changing higher education systems through corporate social responsibility? _ A study on multinational enterprises’ efforts to establish proto-institutions at Vietnamese universities 通过企业社会责任改变高等教育体系?——跨国企业在越南大学设立示范机构的研究
Handbook of Universities and Regional Development Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.4337/9781784715717.00026
Jöran Wrana, Moritz Breul, J. R. Diez
{"title":"Changing higher education systems through corporate social responsibility? _ A study on multinational enterprises’ efforts to establish proto-institutions at Vietnamese universities","authors":"Jöran Wrana, Moritz Breul, J. R. Diez","doi":"10.4337/9781784715717.00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715717.00026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":330924,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Universities and Regional Development","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134472704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A history of the American land-grant universities and regional development 美国赠地大学与地区发展的历史
Handbook of Universities and Regional Development Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.4337/9781784715717.00008
Nathan M. Sorber
{"title":"A history of the American land-grant universities and regional development","authors":"Nathan M. Sorber","doi":"10.4337/9781784715717.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715717.00008","url":null,"abstract":"The Morrill Act of 1862 created the American land-grant universities and reshaped higher education in the United States. The legislation greatly expanded the number of public universities in the nineteenth century, creating the foundation of leading global universities like Cornell University, the University of California, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Pennsylvania State University, and the University of Wisconsin. This chapter traces land-grant universities evolving role in national, state, and regional development from origins until today through four domains: the national development framework, the local development framework, the human capital framework, and emergent frameworks in an era of privatization and commercialization. The chapter highlights the critical role that land-grant teaching, research, and knowledge dissemination have had on economic development strategies in the United States.","PeriodicalId":330924,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Universities and Regional Development","volume":"509 38","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113994353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The pathways and challenges of university engagement: comparative case studies 大学参与的途径和挑战:比较案例研究
Handbook of Universities and Regional Development Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.4337/9781784715717.00022
H. Goldstein, Verena Radinger-Peer, S. Sedlacek
{"title":"The pathways and challenges of university engagement: comparative case studies","authors":"H. Goldstein, Verena Radinger-Peer, S. Sedlacek","doi":"10.4337/9781784715717.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715717.00022","url":null,"abstract":"Research universities fill a variety of roles within contemporary society (Goldstein et al., 1995). Arguably the most important role has been providing advanced education to a segment of the population so that they have the requisite know-how to enter the professions. A second has been to generate knowledge through research that leads to scientific progress over time and indirectly often leads to productivity growth in the economy. These have been the traditional missions of research universities since their founding in the late nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":330924,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Universities and Regional Development","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126779204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The second academic revolution: antecedents and consequences of academic entrepreneurship 第二次学术革命:学术创业的前因后果
Handbook of Universities and Regional Development Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.4337/9781784715717.00009
H. Etzkowitz
{"title":"The second academic revolution: antecedents and consequences of academic entrepreneurship","authors":"H. Etzkowitz","doi":"10.4337/9781784715717.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715717.00009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":330924,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Universities and Regional Development","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122574743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The regional impacts of university spin-offs: in what ways do spin-offs contribute to the region? 大学分拆对地区的影响:分拆对地区的贡献是什么?
Handbook of Universities and Regional Development Pub Date : 2018-04-16 DOI: 10.4337/9781784715717.00016
Einar Rasmussen
{"title":"The regional impacts of university spin-offs: in what ways do spin-offs contribute to the region?","authors":"Einar Rasmussen","doi":"10.4337/9781784715717.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715717.00016","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of university spin-off firms is seen as an important mechanism for generating economic and societal impacts from universities and for the transfer of university knowledge into application in society. Spin-offs tend to be localized near their parent university, and therefore may be particularly important for generating regional contributions from universities. However, the importance of spin-offs for regional development is debated and there seems to be no universal recipe for how to facilitate their regional impacts. This Chapter provides a conceptual discussion of research-based evidence on how university spin-offs may lead to regional impacts. Several levels of analysis and both direct and indirect impacts are considered. It is very rare that university spin-offs by themselves grow into firms with significant regional impacts. Rather, the impacts of university spin-offs appears to be more subtle, by indirectly contributing to the development of businesses and society at the regional level. Hence, instead of asking ‘how substantial is the impact of university spin-offs?’, the Chapter concludes that it would be more relevant to ask ‘in what way do spin-offs contribute to regional stakeholders such as their parent university, regional businesses and industry, as well as the society more generally’. The Chapter points at a number of research opportunities and discusses how policy can harness the regional impacts of spin-offs.","PeriodicalId":330924,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Universities and Regional Development","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125702433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
University knowledge transfer mechanisms 大学知识转移机制
Handbook of Universities and Regional Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781784715717.00014
{"title":"University knowledge transfer mechanisms","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781784715717.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715717.00014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":330924,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Universities and Regional Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132144825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of non-research universities in regional innovation systems in China 非研究型大学在中国区域创新体系中的作用
Handbook of Universities and Regional Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781784715717.00025
Yuzhuo Cai, Po Yang, A. Lyytinen
{"title":"The role of non-research universities in regional innovation systems in China","authors":"Yuzhuo Cai, Po Yang, A. Lyytinen","doi":"10.4337/9781784715717.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715717.00025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":330924,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Universities and Regional Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114381895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Universities as actors in regional development 大学在区域发展中的作用
Handbook of Universities and Regional Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781784715717.00007
{"title":"Universities as actors in regional development","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781784715717.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715717.00007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":330924,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Universities and Regional Development","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127931812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The transformative role of universities in regional innovation systems : Lessons from university engagement in cross-border regions 大学在区域创新体系中的变革作用:来自大学参与跨境区域的经验教训
Handbook of Universities and Regional Development Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4337/9781784715717.00011
J. V. D. Broek, F. Eckardt, P. Benneworth
{"title":"The transformative role of universities in regional innovation systems : Lessons from university engagement in cross-border regions","authors":"J. V. D. Broek, F. Eckardt, P. Benneworth","doi":"10.4337/9781784715717.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784715717.00011","url":null,"abstract":"Universities play many important roles in the knowledge-based economy, providing innovation support services directly, but also changing the way that innovation is organised in their regions, and building new economic development pathways. Their roles can be particularly important in less successful regions that lack a critical mass of other knowledge actors who have the skills to organise regional innovation structures and processes. This working paper seeks to explore the roles that universities can play in one very specific type of peripheral region namely cross-border regions, where national borders hinder interactions, network-formation and institutionalisation between innovation actors that might geographically be proximate. Our research question is: what roles do universities play in cross-border regions and how can we understand these roles through a conceptual typology? We propose a conceptual typology for how universities may build up elements of university innovation activities in cross-border regions using their teaching, research, management and administrative processes. We explore this in six border regions: Bothnian Arc, Hedmark - Dalarna, Helsinki – Tallinn, Ireland – Northern Ireland, TTR-ELAt and Oresund to reflect more widely on universities’ wider roles in building up regional innovation systems.","PeriodicalId":330924,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Universities and Regional Development","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126138102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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