mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@最新文献

{"title":"Coronavirus disease-19 pandemic and telework: Banking upon the collaboration between workers and employers","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_8_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_8_22","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about a significant change in the dynamics of health and the work profile. Telework refers to the practice of working remotely with the help of different information and communication technology applications and thereby continuing the work. Although telework definitely minimized the probability to acquire the COVID-19 infection, gradually evidence emerged suggesting problems resulting because of defective design of the workplace and long duration of working hours. It is an undeniable fact that the ongoing pandemic frankly resulted in an overnight change in the work pattern of all employees. To conclude, considering the trends of the COVID-19 pandemic, telework is expected to be there, even in the postpandemic period. This calls for the need to enhance collaboration between workers and employees to enable a reduction in the incidence of physical and mental illnesses and promotion of safe and healthy behavior.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46596789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of agglutinin-like sequence 1 gene in Candida albicans that is isolated from diabetic foot patients","authors":"Mohammad A. Tariq, Uroba Abbas","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_37_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_37_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Candida albicans is a microbe living within the natural human flora and is found in the upper respiratory tract, mouth, intestines, and vagina. C. albicans is able to cause infections that range from superficial infections of the skin to life-threatening systemic infections. Aim of Study: Detection of virulence gene agglutinin-like sequence (ALS) 1 by using molecular technology from clinical samples (C. albicans) that is isolated from ulcers of diabetic foot patients. Materials and Methods: This work was done on 235 patients who had diabetic foot patients admitted to the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes (Baghdad Health Department/Rusafa) for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers during November 2020 till March 2021. The collected samples of diabetic foot ulcers were cultured on different media (Sabouraud's dextrose agar with chloramphenicol for selective isolation and culturing of yeasts and HiCrome Candida Medium) for isolation of C. albicans fungus as well as automated biochemical test VITEK 2 system. The ALS1 virulence gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction using newly designed primers with a molecular size (419 bp). Results: Out of 235 Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) cases, C. albicans were isolated in 20 (8.5%) patients (12 males and 8 females) of diabetic foot ulcers. In this study, the incidence of C. albicans infection at age [50–59 years] group was [40%], and increased at age group [60–69 years] to [55%], which represents the highest incidence of infection, then decreased in the age group [79–79 years] to [5%]). Seventy-five percent of the isolates were ALS1 gene positive. Conclusions: Diabetic people are more susceptible to infections due to their hyperglycemic environment and reduced immunity. The use of HiCrome Candida Identification Media with VITEK 2 system can help reduce the unnecessary steps of microorganism identification process. C. albicans infection is more common in males the females regarding diabetic foot ulceration. Majority of diabetic foot ulcers occur in older adults. ALS gene might be associated with diabetic foot ulceration.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42419041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma in type 2 diabetes and its correlation with atherosclerosis","authors":"Marwa Jasim Al-Tamimi, R. Al-Shawk, I. Al-Karawi","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_13_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_13_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Immunity plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), play an important role in atherosclerosis-related inflammation. Aims: This study aims to determine whether IFN-γ level and AIP in patients with T2DM are associated with atherosclerosis development and the effect of IFN-γ concentration level in disease progression. Materials and Methods: This study involved 60 Iraqi T2DM patients (30 with dyslipidemia and 30 without dyslipidemia) with an age range of 35–70 years. For the purpose of comparison, 22 healthy participants comparable for T2DM were included in the study. Results: this study shows a significant increase in IFN-γ level in the patient groups as compared to the control group (P < 0.009). There was a gradualincrease of AIP in the three studied groups with a significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The level of IFN-γ and the AIPmay reflect the progression atherosclerosis which may give an alarming sign in studying group patients.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48736293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual Cause of Persistent Frontal Headache in a 9-Year-Old Boy","authors":"S. Swain","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_40_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_40_21","url":null,"abstract":"Headache is a common clinical experience of the patients and is found in all age groups. Intranasal mucosal contact with the absence of inflammation in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses may cause a secondary headache which is called a rhinogenic contact point headache (RCPH). RCPH is currently a topic of interest among clinicians and is accepted as a cause of headaches by the International Headache Society Classification. The diagnostic nasal endoscopy showed an S-shaped deviated nasal septum with intranasal mucosal contact in both nostrils. The headache of the child was disappeared after performing septoplasty and excision of the bilateral mucosal contact points. These anatomical variations in the nasal cavity in the pediatric age with bifrontal headache is a very rare clinical entity. Hence, clinicians and pediatricians should keep in mind RCPH during the evaluation of headaches in a pediatric patient. In this case report, a 9-year-old boy presented with a persistent bifrontal headache due to mucosal contact points in the nasal cavity.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45252333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of debriefing and feedback in facilitating learning through simulation-based medical education","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_38_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_38_20","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical skills training has been acknowledged as one of the crucial domains of medical students' training and plays an important role in aiding them to become competent health-care personnel. The inclusion of simulation in medical curriculum has emerged as the approach to provide opportunities to undergraduate students to practice, learn, and assess skills in controlled settings and that too without harming the patients. Although mere participation in a simulation exercise might result in learning, the given feedback ascertains the attainment of the learning objectives. The conduction of the debriefing session after the simulation exercise is one of the most common ways to deliver feedback and it simultaneously gives the teacher an opportunity to understand the knowledge, skills, and attitude of the student, which contributed to the performance of the student in the simulation exercise. In conclusion, the components of feedback and debriefing are critical to ensure effective learning in simulation-based medical education. Thus, it is essential to plan for a feedback session and also train the teachers in the skills of administering feedback and debriefing and all the medical institutions implementing simulation-based education should strengthen the feedback element.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42620471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of combination of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of breast masses","authors":"N. Mahmmud, Sara Ahmed, Ansam Othman","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_8_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_8_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study: The aim was to characterize benign and malignant breast lesions on the basis of their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphology and dynamic contrast enhancement in combination with the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and their apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values at 1.5 T MRI, along with histopathological correlation. Patients and Methods: In this prospective study, 56 patients with suspicious breast mass who underwent 1.5 T MRI and proved by histopathology were included. Morphology was studied depending on the MRI signal intensity and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging plus kinetic curve of enhancement of breast lesions. DWI and ADC values were calculated at b values of 0, 600, and 850 s/mm. The ADC value and histopathology correlation were analyzed. Results: Out of the 56 lesions, 27 lesions were histologically malignant (48.2%) and 29 were histologically benign (51.8%), with age range between 25 and 75 years, with a mean of 54.1 years, and with a standard deviation of ±12.69 years. The MRI results found a sensitivity (SN) of 85.2%, a specificity (SP) of 72.4%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 74.2%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 84%, and an accuracy of 78.6%. The DWI findings were as follows: 100% SN, 82.8% SP, 84.4% PPV, 100% NPV, and 85.3% accuracy. The combined MRI interpretation and DWI and ADC findings were as follows: 100% SN, 92.1% SP, 71.1% PPV, 100% NPV, and 86.4% accuracy. All malignant lesions showed restriction at DWI, while only 17.2% of the benign lesions are restricted at DWI. The mean of ADC value was higher in benign cases as compared to the malignant lesions (0.815 vs. 1.287 × 10−3) with statistically significant difference (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The combination of contrast-enhanced breast MRI with DWI and ADC value increases the diagnostic accuracy and SP in the characterization of benign and malignant breast lesions.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48428109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketamine for treatment-resistant depression","authors":"Raad Madhloom","doi":"10.1016/c2019-0-02581-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/c2019-0-02581-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41801467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of different doses of curcumin and vitamin c in methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in mice","authors":"Dhekra Khudair, A. Al-Gareeb","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_5_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_5_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methotrexate, the antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drug, is used in the treatment of different types of cancers and the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. Hepatotoxicity is one of its major side effects. Objectives: The present study assesses the hepatoprotective effect of different doses of curcumin and Vitamin C in methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: The prospective experimental study was conducted at the College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and in the animal's house of the Iraqi Center for Cancer Research, Baghdad-Iraq, from November 2020 to June 2021, and comprised Swiss albino female mice aged 3–4 months and weighing 30–40 g each. The mice were divided into 6 groups, the first group was considered as control which received only distilled water, the second group was considered as methotrexate group, third and fourth groups orally supplemented with 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg curcumin, respectively, fifth and sixth groups orally supplemented with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg Vitamin C, respectively, The experiment continued for 10 days, and on the 10th day all groups, except the control one, received 20 mg/kg methotrexate intraperitoneally to induce hepatotoxicity. Parameters measured were serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis. Results: The results show significant hepatoprotection produced by curcumin reflected by a decrease in LDH and MDA. Vitamin C also produced a significant hepatoprotection demonstrated by a decrease in ALT, ALP, LDH, and MDA. Conclusion: Curcumin and Vitamin C were found to provide hepatoprotection against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity through the modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers in a dose-dependent manner.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49051239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of omega-3 and vitamin c on methotrexate-induced liver injury","authors":"D. Mohammed, A. Al-Gareeb","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_6_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_6_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Methotrexate (MTX)-induced liver injury is a serious side effect characterized by the increased level of hepatic biomarkers and resulted in acute liver failure. Omega 3 and Vitamin C act as antioxidant that participate in the fighting of free radicals generation during the inflammatory process. Aims: To evaluate the effect of omega 3 and Vitamin C on hepatotoxicity induced by MTX. Settings and Design: 42 (Swiss albino mice) used and divided into six groups (7 mice each): First: Maintained with normal saline, second: Received a single dose injection of MTX (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), third: Pretreated with omega 3 100 mg/kg, fourth: Pretreated with omega 3 200 mg/kg, fifth: Pretreated with Vitamin C 100 mg/kg, sixth: Pretreated with Vitamin C 200 mg/kg, then these group injected with MTX on day 10. Subjects and Methods: MTX as 50 mg injection. Omega 3 as capsule 1000 mg. Vitamin C as powder 1000 mg. Assessment of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) made using automated computering device (Flexor–EL80) provider by Vitalab (South Africa). Assessment of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], reduced glutathione [GSH]) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) made by using competitive ELISA kits using (ELISA microplate Humareader). Results: This study showed a significant increase in the liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) as well oxidative stress markers (MDA, SOD, and GSH) with severe changes in the histopathological findings (severe inflammatory cell necrosis) among group injected with MTX as compared with control group and illustrated improvement in serum level of ALT, ALP, LDH, MDA, SOD and reduced GSH; besides improved histopathological findings (mild and moderate changes) for a group of mice pretreated with omega 3 and Vitamin C. Conclusions: This study concluded that pretreatment with omega 3 (which was strong antioxidant supplement) and Vitamin C (which was dose-dependent manner with beneficial antioxidant action) exert more hepatoprotective effect against oxidative tissue damage induced by MTX.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47164028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brainstem vertigo: A brainstorming clinical entity for a clinician","authors":"S. Swain, R. Sahana","doi":"10.4103/MJ.MJ_26_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJ.MJ_26_20","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke at the brain stem and cerebellum may cause sudden vestibular syndromem and isolated audiovestibular loss can herald impeding for infarction at the anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory. Patients complaining sudden isolated dizziness or vertigo are higher chance for the stroke than the general population. Proper bedside assessment of the patient is superior to the imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging for detecting the central cause. Misdiagnosis of the stroke in patient of brain stem vertigo leads to significant morbidity and mortality. The overdiagnosis of this clinical entity will cause unnecessary costly workups and medical treatment. It is important for a clinician to differentiate brain stem vertigo with isolated dizziness or vertigo from the benign disorders of the labyrinth as the treatment strategy and prognosis are different in these two situations. Bedside clinical indicators are often helpful to identify the central pathology, and so neuroimaging should be advised accordingly. This review article focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and current management of the brain stem vertigo. This article will surely increase awareness among the clinicians for accurate diagnosis and treatment of the brain stem vertigo.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47263561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}