mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@最新文献

{"title":"A study on BK polyomavirus among kidney transplant recipients and nontransplants","authors":"G. Abed, W. Al-Saeed, Asmaa Salem, Ahmed Abood","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_34_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_34_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: BK polyomavirus (BKV) induces allograft malfunction in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and it could cause loss of the allograft, however, this virus does not cause any harm among healthy subjects. Aims: This study was conducted to determine and compare the frequency of BK viremia between RTR and healthy subjects, and to find out its risks and its relation to their renal function. Settings and Design: This was a case–control study. Subjects and Methods: A total of 206 blood samples were collected from (106) RTRs within the first 2 years posttransplantation from the center of kidney diseases and transplantation, and (100) nonrenal transplant samples (healthy blood donors from the Iraqi Blood Donation Center in the Medical City of Baghdad. The large tumor antigen region of BKV was amplified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical Analysis Used: Frequencies, percentages, Chi-square-test, odds ratio (OR), and confidence interval were used for statistical analysis by SPSS v. 28 (IBM ,USA). Results: BKV was positive in 23 (21.7%) of RTR patients and 8 (8.0%) of control, which is statistically significant P = 0.005. RTR patients under tacrolimus (TAC) were at a higher risk, to had BKV viremia (P = 0.05). However, there was no significant difference neither in relative risk (OR = 0.904) nor the distributions (P = 0.839) regarding serum creatinine levels. Conclusions: A significantly higher BK viremia among RTR and increasing risk of reactivation with TAC immunosuppression should warn the nephrologists about the risk of this immunosuppression regimen on the renal allograft.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":"21 1","pages":"134 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48243697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma in child's central teaching hospital: An eight-year experience","authors":"Doaa Hatam, A. Al-Janabi, Shaimaa AL-Harris","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_25_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_25_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in the first two decades of life. There is, however, a paucity of reports on the pattern of its occurrence in Iraq. Aim: To determine the demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and survival among children with RMS treated at Child's Central Teaching Hospital (CCTH). Patients and Methods: A retrospective study was on 48 patients of histologically proven. RMS, in previously untreated children aged <15 years old at the CCTH in Baghdad, during the period from January 2009 to December, 2017. Results: Forty-eight patients with confirmed RMS were included. The mean age (standard deviation) was 4.9 (3.5) years. Thirty-four patients (70.8%) were <6 years, male 22 patients (46.8%), female 26 patients (54.2%), male:female ratio of approximately 1:1.2. Histopathology was embryonal in 38 case (79.1%). Incisional biopsy was done in 21 patients (43.8%), while excisional biopsy in 18 (37.5%) patients. The head and neck was the most common site of involvement at presentation, (nonorbital) 16 (33.3%) of cases. The estimated 4-year event-free survival (EFS) was 26.3% ± 7%. Twenty-one (43.8%) patients abandoned treatment. Among the cases who completed their treatment in the center, eight cases (16.7%) relapsed. In univariate analysis using log-rank test, nodal involvement was found to significantly influence the EFS at 4 years (P = 0.01). The estimated 4-year overall survival was 41.4% ± 9%. Nodal involvement significantly reduces overall survival at 4 years (P = 0.006). Conclusions: Clinical features and epidemiology of RMS in Iraqi children treated at CCTH somewhat resembles those of other countries. However, the EFS at 4 years and overall survival at 4-years are lower than that reported elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":"21 1","pages":"53 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44914592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistance To Antibiotic","authors":"Hanan Shatti, W. Al-Saeed, M. Nader","doi":"10.4103/MJ.MJ_11_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJ.MJ_11_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Due Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common type of bacteria that causes hospital-acquired infections because it has multiple resistance mechanisms to antibiotics such as biofilm formation. It is important to understand to investigate biofilm production in multidrug resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from different sites of infection. Materials and Methods: This work was done on 114 patients were collected from different specimens From hospitals Baghdad. The collected samples were cultured on different media (blood agar, MacConkey agar, nutrient agar, and Cetrimide agar) for isolation of P. aeruginosa bacteria as well as isolates from all patient were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion method ,in vitro formation of biofilm in microtiter plates containing Muller –Hinton broth. Results: Forty specimens (35.1%) were observed to have bacterial growth (positive samples) for P. aeruginos, the results of P. aeruginosa isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility showed that among forty positive results, the most isolates were potentially resistant to different antibiotics presented that the isolates resistant to piperacillin (34, 85%), gentamicin (26, 65%), tobramycin (30, 82.5%), amikacin (27, 67.5%), cefepime (25, 62.5%), meropenem (31, 77.5%), carbenicillin (31, 77.5%), ceftriaxone (30, 75%), ciprofloxacin (27, 67.5%), imipenem (22, 55%), ceftazidime 26 (65%), and norfloxacin 24 (60%). The results showed the ability of P. aeruginosa isolates to produce biofilm were 40 (100%) has the ability to produce biofilm, these were the result divided in to strong 19 (47.5%), moderate 12 (30%), and weak 9 (22.5%). Conclusion: There were 40 isolates biofilm producers in divers levels of biofilm strength.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":"21 1","pages":"13 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49313664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid, Vitamin C alone, or in combination on methotrexate-induced liver injury","authors":"R. Hasan, Ali Algareeb","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_23_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_23_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Different mechanisms have been attributed to methotrexate (MTX)-induced liver injury, one of which is related to MTX generation of free radicals and inducing the disturbance of oxidative stress biomarker. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a strong antioxidant dietary supplement and has an anti-inflammatory effect. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and might produce an anti-inflammatory action through its antioxidant effect. The Aim of the Current Study: To evaluate the effect of ALA and Vitamin C single or concurrent use of them on MTX-induced liver injury. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five adult male albino mice were divided into five groups: Group 1 were administered distilled water and sodium bicarbonate orally by oral gavage for 10 days and injected normal saline intraperitoneally (ip) in the 10th day, Group 2 were injected MTX ip on the 10th day only, Group 3 were administered 100 mg/kg Vitamin C orally for 10 days and injected MTX ip on the 10th day, Group 4 were administered ALA 60 mg/kg orally for 10 days and injected MTX ip on the 10th day, Group 5 were administered both ALA and Vitamin C orally and injected MTX ip on the 10th day. After 2 days of the last treatment, the animal was anesthesized and the blood was withdrawn to be used for biochemical assessment of liver functions and liver tissue was dissected out to be used for oxidative stress biomarker determination and histopathological study. Results: MTX group showed an increase in serum level of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase, an increase liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and a reduction of tissue glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD), while the treatment groups showed an improvement of liver enzyme elevation and decreased lipid peroxidation MDA and increased SOD. Conclusion: Pretreatment by using ALA alone or vitamin alone provides comparable improvement of liver histology and liver injury while combined regimen did not provide more significant improvement of liver injury than using each one alone.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":"21 1","pages":"41 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42658143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular technology for the detection of Pyoviridine gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn cases","authors":"Eman AL-Jesmany, O. Abbas, Basima Hasan AlSaadi","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_14_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_14_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Using molecular technology for the purpose of confirmation of the diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which depends on the detection of proteins like Pyoverdine gene of P. aeruginosa as diagnostic test. Materials and Methods: This work was done on 110 patients who had sustained burn injury from hospitals Baghdad, Al-Yarmouk and the Medical City Teaching Hospital during the period from October 2020 to the end of March 2021. The collected samples were cultured on different media (blood agar, MacConkey agar, nutrient agar, and Cetrimide agar) for isolation of P. aeruginosa bacteria as well as automated biochemical tests such as Api20E and VITEK 2 systems. The results showed that 76 (69%) samples had bacterial growth of P. aeruginosa. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was evaluated using the VITEK 2 compact. The Pseudomonas was detected using species-specific gene 16SrRNA gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and also detected by (PCR) using newly designed primers with a molecular size (389 bp) for pyoviridine gene. Results: This work showed that the predominant growth of burn wound infections was P. aeruginosa 76 samples (69%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing results showed the same sensitivity pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates to ceftriaxone and cephalothin (67.1%), gentamicin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefotaxime (65.7%). Resistance to imipenem, tobramycin, ticarcillin, and meropenem were (57.8%), (51.3%), (56.5%) and (55.2%) respectively, and had the highest sensitivity to amikacin (34.2%). Moreover, the highest resistance was to ciprofloxacin (69.7), and norfloxacin (71%). The results of using the 16SrRNA gene for the detection Pseudomonas give positive results (100%). Pseudomonas spp was detected by (PCR) for pyoviridine gene, revealed that 50% isolates give positive results. PCR product pyoviridine of the isolates (3) with the highest resistance to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) was sent to nitrogen-based sequencing, and the sequencing results revealed the mutation presence. Conclusion: This study shows the current resistant pattern of P. aeruginosa against different classes of antibiotics and the involvement of several virulence genes in resistance mechanisms by using PCR which ultimately helps to select appropriate antibiotics useful for the treatment of many burned complicated by P. aeruginosa.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":"21 1","pages":"23 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43490781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate against methotrexate-induced acute liver injury: An experimental study","authors":"A. Al-Gareeb, Ghaith Mohammed","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_24_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_24_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is a synthetic antimetabolite with a wide range of clinical applications, but its liver toxicity induced mainly through oxidative stress represents a primary concern on its clinical use. Pomegranate fruit contains many polyphenolic compounds that possess potent antioxidant effects and, therefore, have a possible hepatoprotective effect. Objectives: This study seeks to address the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate against MTX-induced liver injury. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight healthy female albino mice were grouped into four groups; control and MTX groups received oral 0.5 ml distilled water, while; the PG150 group received 150mg/kg oral pomegranate, and the PG300 group received 300mg/kg oral pomegranate. The oral course continues for 10 days, and on the last day, all groups were injected with 20 mg/kg MTX intraperitoneally, except the control group injected with normal saline. 48-hours later, samples were collected and prepared for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. Results: After biochemical analysis, MTX causes an elevation in serum Alanine aminotransferase, Lactate dehydrogenase, and liver tissue malondialdehyde, indicating hepatic injury, while pomegranate pre-treatment will hold down this elevation significantly and dose-dependently, causing amelioration of the toxic effect of MTX; the histopathological findings support this finding. Also, MTX causes consumption of liver tissue content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione (GSH), while pomegranate pre-treatment boosts the SOD and GSH hepatic tissue level. Conclusion: Pomegranate has a dose-dependent amelioration effect on the toxic effect of MTX on the liver.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":"21 1","pages":"48 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45177965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of retinol-binding protein 4 in women infected with Toxoplasma gondii","authors":"Rajaa Ali, A. Al-Kuraishi, F. Farhan","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_20_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_20_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ocular toxoplasmosis mainly affected people in the second to fifth decades, as a result of acute or reactivate congenital or postnatally acquired infection. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a protein transporter for retinol (Vitamin A) from the liver to peripheral tissue. Because of its function in vision RBP4 has become a target for ophthalmology research. Objectives: Identification of the role of RBP4 parameter in women infected with acute toxoplasmosis. Methodology: One hundred and fifteen blood samples were collected from aborted women, who were suspected of having toxoplasmosis for the period October 2020 to March 2021; in addition, 25 samples were collected from apparently healthy women to use as a healthy control group. All sera were investigated for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies, all IgG-positive samples (50 samples) were neglected. IgM and IgA-positive samples (40 serum samples) out of 115 samples were used as toxoplasmosis case group (acute toxoplasmosis), while the negative IgM, IgA, and IgG aborted women samples were used as aborted nontoxoplasmic control group (25 serum samples). The samples from healthy women that gave negative results for the three antibodies were used as the healthy control group. Results: The RBP4 serum level was reflected a significant decrease 1.84 ± 0.44 ng/ml in aborted toxoplasmic cases when compared with aborted nontoxoplasmic and healthy control groups; 2.85 ± 0.60, 3.90 ± 0.62 ng/ml, respectively. Conclusion: There was a highly significant decrease in RBP4 serum levels in acute toxoplasmosis-infected women. This decreasing may be one of the indirect effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on their hosts. Furthermore, this level can be used as aid test for the detection for toxoplasmosis.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":"21 1","pages":"37 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44443719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need of modifying current teaching in pathology practical classes – A study from second professional MBBS student's perspective in North India","authors":"Vandna Yadav, Rimjhim Shrimal, Vinod Kumar, A. Deshmukh","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_41_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_41_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main goals of teaching in second professional MBBS Pathology practical classes is to provide a framework for the description of the disease and to provide students with knowledge of the functional and structural changes in order that disease pathogenesis is well understood. Aims: It was a cross sectional descriptive study which aimed to find out the importance of teaching in pathology practical classes in the MBBS curriculum as well as to assess the student's perception regarding subject understanding. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and sixteen students of 2nd MBBS who had already completed 1st year and were about to appear in university examination in the year 2020 were included. An extensive questionnaire was prepared regarding 2nd-year pathology teaching. The feedback from students was obtained and analyzed. Results: About 67.5% of students found pathology practical classes more interesting than theory classes. 88% of students were confident to interpret CBC reports. Almost half (50%) did not visit the histopathology section while; only 12% and 38% of students were confident to collect blood and urine samples of the patient. About 83% and 93% of students found gross specimen and clinical charts useful in teaching. 63.88% of students suggested to increase the number of practical hours in pathology. Conclusion: Our study has emphasized the importance of teaching in pathology practical classes as important for better understanding in clinical subjects. As the competency-based curriculum is being starting from 2019 batch and onward, this elaborative study, especially in the practical aspects in the subject Pathology can act as a baseline to get access to the effectiveness of the new curriculum in the coming years.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":"21 1","pages":"78 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44231549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the left ventricular performance in hypertensive patients with normal coronary angiography and ejection fraction: Insight by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography","authors":"Safa R. Fadhil, HachimRasan Elaebi, S. Abbas","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_36_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_36_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the validity of the longitudinal speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in the detection of early changes in the performance of the left ventricle for hypertensive patients with normal ejection fraction (EF) and coronary angiography. Patients and Methods: A case-control study enrolled 50 patients and a randomly collected control group of 30, who consulted Ibn-Albitar Cardiac Center from November 2016 to the first September 2017. The patients had hypertension while the control did not. Both had normal coronary angiography, assessed by conventional echocardiography, two-dimensional STE, and anthropometric measures. Results: The mean age for the patients or cases was 52.48 ± 4.292 years, and their mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.10 ± 1.854 kg/m2. They had been diagnosed with hypertension for a mean duration of 8.14 ± 3.326 years. All were on treatment; the mean left ventricular (LV) mass was 108.96 ± 19.469 (g/m2) while the mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) was −16.720 ± 3.191. There was an approximately equal number of males and females among the cases: 24 (48.0%) and 26 (52.0%), respectively. Twenty-seven (54.0%) had LV hypertrophy (LVH), and only 4 (8.0%) cases had diastolic dysfunction with GLS −12. The mean age of the controls was 55 ± 4.792 years, and their BMI was 30.77 ± 2.063 kg/m2. They had a mean LV mass of 92.50 ± 10.058 (g/m2) and their GLS was slightly lower (more negative) than the cases, at −17.517 ± 2.222. Thirteen controls were males (43.3%) while 17 (56.7%) were females. Only 2 (6.7%) had diastolic dysfunction with GLS −14. GLS was significantly higher (less negative) in the cases with LVH compared to the controls: 15.278% compared to −17.517% respectively, with a mean difference of −2.238%. There was no statistically significant difference between controls and cases without LVH. Conclusions: The use of STE is beneficial in the detection of subtle changes in the LV of hypertensive patients with normal coronary angiography and normal EF.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":"21 1","pages":"68 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46107965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and sequencing of ISAba2 of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from baghdad hospitals","authors":"Salah M. Muhsin, Wasan A. Bakir, M. Sabbah","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_17_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_17_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The ability of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii to survive in any situation including the acquisition of many different kinds of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes is the primary source of worry in hospital settings. Despite their low hydrolysis capability, oxacillinase (OXA) types are often associated with genetic factors such as insertion sequences (ISs) in order to enhance carbapenemase production and mobilization. As a result, assessing the frequency of IS genes in A. baumannii is extremely essential in many hospitals and medical institutions. Aims: The goal of this work is to find the IS ISAba2, which may have a role in antibiotic resistance in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii. Methods: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the presence of A. baumannii by identifying the blaOXA-51 gene. According to the current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations (2020), antimicrobials are determined using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion technique on Mueller-Hinton agar. The molecular research of ISAba2 includes PCR and Sanger sequencing of the PCR results. Results: Among 38 A. baumannii isolates, 23 (61%) and 25 (66%) were resistant to meropenem and imipenem, respectively. The blaOXA-51 gene was detected in all 21 XDR strains tested; furthermore, ISAba2 was found in all 21 XDR-analyzed A. baumannii isolates. Conclusions: ISAba2 has a high predominance between extreme drug-resistant A. baumannii. The identification of these parameters can assist in the control of infection and decrease of the microorganism's prevalence rate.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":"21 1","pages":"29 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41613439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}