{"title":"Key Messages and Findings","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/7c1b9014-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/7c1b9014-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":330526,"journal":{"name":"Global Value Chain Development Report","volume":"38 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116789738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Global Services Value Chains for Services-Led Development","authors":"Enrico Nano, Victor Stolzenburg","doi":"10.30875/146abfaa-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/146abfaa-en","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of global value chains (GVCs) has lowered the threshold for countries to participate in globalization� They offer a new path for development without having to establish complete production capabilities from upstream inputs to downstream final goods and after-sales services� Developing countries can plug into GVCs and specialize in specific economic activities in accordance with their comparative advantage to benefit from gains from trade and specialization�","PeriodicalId":330526,"journal":{"name":"Global Value Chain Development Report","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130114337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Productivity Growth, Innovation, and Upgrading along Global Value Chains","authors":"Elisabetta Gentile, Yuqing Xing, S. Rubínová","doi":"10.30875/e0f3a76e-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/e0f3a76e-en","url":null,"abstract":"Greater exposure to international trade improves productivity by increasing competition, expanding product markets, and improving access to production inputs� Productivity increases at the industry level because competitive pressure leads to a reallocation of resources to more productive firms, while the least productive ones are forced to exit the market (Melitz 2003; Melitz and Ottaviano 2008; Eslava et al� 2013)� The productivity of firms can also increase because heightened competition from imported products pushes them to invest in new processes, technologies, and skills to survive (Shu and Steinwender 2019)� The possibility to expand into larger export markets also incentivizes firms to improve the production efficiency and the quality of their products (Bustos 2011)� And access to a larger range of intermediate production inputs potentially lowers the input costs of firms, improves product quality, and expands product variety (Fieler, Eslava, and Xu 2018; Goldberg et al� 2010; Amiti and Konings 2007)� Indeed, a positive and significant causal effect of trade—measured as the sum of exports plus imports to a country’s gross domestic product—on aggregate productivity has long been established in the economic literature (Alcalá and Ciccone 2004; Alesina, Spolaore, and Wacziarg 2000; Frankel and Romer 1999)�","PeriodicalId":330526,"journal":{"name":"Global Value Chain Development Report","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132137410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abbreviations","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/a8635c72-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/a8635c72-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":330526,"journal":{"name":"Global Value Chain Development Report","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133583561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julian B� Alvarez, Kristina Baris, Maverick C. Crisostomo, J. Vera, Yuning Gao, Krizia Anne V. Garay, P. Gonzales, Christian J� Jabagat, Angeli S� Juani, Angelo B� Lumba, M. Mariasingham, Bo Meng, L. Rahnema, Kenneth S� Reyes
{"title":"Recent Trends in Global Value Chains","authors":"Julian B� Alvarez, Kristina Baris, Maverick C. Crisostomo, J. Vera, Yuning Gao, Krizia Anne V. Garay, P. Gonzales, Christian J� Jabagat, Angeli S� Juani, Angelo B� Lumba, M. Mariasingham, Bo Meng, L. Rahnema, Kenneth S� Reyes","doi":"10.30875/2e77cae7-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/2e77cae7-en","url":null,"abstract":"The last few years have been challenging for globalization� While the world has benefited from the fragmented networks of production-sharing known as global value chains (GVCs), concerns are being raised over their risks� Chapter 1 of the Global Value Chain Development Report 2019 pointed to a rise in protectionism in general and a brewing trade conflict between the United States (US) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in particular� More obstacles have since emerged from the sudden and simultaneous closure of borders due to the COVID-19 pandemic that exposed vulnerabilities in some supply chains, rattling policymakers (Chapter 5)� Despite these challenges, GVCs—for supporters and detractors alike—remain a reality that cannot be ignored� Indeed, the very vaccines crucial to ending the COVID-19 pandemic rely on multinational partnerships for the over 200 components that go into them (Irwin 2021)�","PeriodicalId":330526,"journal":{"name":"Global Value Chain Development Report","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134008526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First Workshop and Chapter Authors’ Workshop for the Global Value Chain Development Report 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/39cdfe32-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/39cdfe32-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":330526,"journal":{"name":"Global Value Chain Development Report","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127649494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Platforms and Global Value Chains","authors":"K. Lundquist","doi":"10.30875/16ba1770-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/16ba1770-en","url":null,"abstract":"The two largest changes that have affected international trade since the 1990s are the creation of the new digital economy and the development of global value chains (GVCs)� Both are inherently connected to new information and communication technology (ICT), and both have seemingly increased trade inclusivity, benefitting the trade participation of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and developing countries� The interaction between the digital economy and GVCs is not well explored, however� Although the growth of both may have been in parallel, is there evidence that the digital platforms at the core of the digital economy affect GVC participation? This chapter examines the role of digital platforms, especially e-commerce marketplaces in the modern economy; the ways these platforms can increase economic inclusivity; and the development of GVCs and their effect on trade participation� The chapter also reviews the evidence on the link between digital platforms and GVC participation�","PeriodicalId":330526,"journal":{"name":"Global Value Chain Development Report","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134094479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledgments","authors":"","doi":"10.30875/768222e1-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/768222e1-en","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":330526,"journal":{"name":"Global Value Chain Development Report","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121100588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rising Risks to Global Value Chains","authors":"Etel Solingen, Bo Meng","doi":"10.30875/f756ebca-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/f756ebca-en","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of global value chains (GVCs) has plateaued since the global financial crisis of 2008–2009 due to the slowdown in hyperglobalization (Chapter 1; Antràs 2020a; World Bank 2020)� Old and new risks to GVCs, as well as shocks, threaten the continued viability of these chains� The risks and shocks include extreme weather events, trade and technology wars, increased protectionism, geopolitical tensions, and COVID-19� IMF (2021a) defines risk as the effect of uncertainty on objectives—and by inducing uncertainty, shocks constitute an underlying source of risks, along with limited information and an imprecise understanding of the sources and mechanisms triggering shocks, which contributes to uncertainty� Given all this, the first three sections of this chapter are taken up by an overview of the sources, mechanisms, and effects of the three main types of meta-risks: geopolitical, environmental, and those stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic�1 While addressing primarily the implications of the three risks for GVCs, these sections also take note of reverse causal effects, where GVCs exacerbate those risks�2 The chapter then examines the relative resilience of GVCs to shocks depending on the nature and magnitude of the shock as well as on GVC features, industry and firm topographies, availability of substitutions, degree of transactional stickiness, and type of shock (geopolitical, environmental, COVID-19)� The subsequent section examines mutual interactions across all three risks and their compounded","PeriodicalId":330526,"journal":{"name":"Global Value Chain Development Report","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126982096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trade in Intangible Assets along Global Value Chains and Intellectual Property Protection","authors":"Yuqing Xing","doi":"10.30875/c7608ac3-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30875/c7608ac3-en","url":null,"abstract":"Trade is becoming increasingly intangible, but current trade statistics do not capture the international trade in the services of intangible assets through global value chains (GVCs)� The increasing importance of intangibles in international trade has made intellectual property (IP) protection an even greater area of concern� Intangible assets include patents, trademarks, copyrights, brand names, product designs, software, databases, and certain types of business organization structures (Cummins 2005)�","PeriodicalId":330526,"journal":{"name":"Global Value Chain Development Report","volume":"321 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133176889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
