Music SciencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20592043211012396
Frank Hentschel, G. Kreutz
{"title":"The Perception of Musical Expression in the Nineteenth Century: The Case of the Glorifying Hymnic*","authors":"Frank Hentschel, G. Kreutz","doi":"10.1177/20592043211012396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211012396","url":null,"abstract":"Music conveys expressive meaning, and it elicits affective and associative responses in listeners. Historical documents from the 19th century contain reflections about the perceived expression of and affective responses to music in a wide range of works, including symphonies and operas. Therefore, we asked what verbal descriptors found in contemporary writings from the 19th century provide information about the perceived expressive qualities. Additionally, we examined whether the sources hint at situational / contextual factors. To this end, we investigated the descriptors used to describe the perception of a specific type of music, defined through a set of 16 features. We called this type of music “Glorifying Hymnic.” We searched a large amount of 19th-century symphonic music to identify as many excerpts displaying these features. Then, we investigated the description of the listening experience of the excerpts mainly using the RIPM (Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals) database. We found 47 compositions with 48 excerpts that matched our rather strict criteria and 102 textual sources that provided sufficiently concrete information regarding how several of the excerpts have been perceived. We found a very high degree of consistency in the description of the music: It has been described as glorious, powerful, triumphant and victorious, grand, joyous and happy, solemn, exciting, noble, tranquil and sometimes proud. It also elicited associations with singing, especially choral singing, and with religion. Only very few connections between music perception and situational factors were detected relating to religious associations and associations of the music with choral singing. They might refer to special circumstances in France and Germany respectively. We discuss our findings in the context of both historical perspectives and musicpsychological models.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211012396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music SciencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20592043211020424
H. Odell-Miller
{"title":"Embedding Music and Music Therapy in Care Pathways for People with Dementia in the 21st Century—a position paper","authors":"H. Odell-Miller","doi":"10.1177/20592043211020424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211020424","url":null,"abstract":"Unique music therapy interventions are discussed from a clinical educational and research perspective, demonstrating a current position on music therapy for people living with dementia and their carers. The position paper, adapted from the keynote lecture given at the workshop “Music Selves and Societies” at Cambridge University in 2018, outlines current research and practice across music and music therapy fields, focussing upon embedding music in daily life and care for people living with dementia. Worldwide, around 50m people have dementia; this is estimated to increase to 75.6m in 2030 and 135.5m in 2050. This results in increased demand for long-term care and a need for heightened awareness and capacity for home care in local settings. Distinctions between interventions delivered by music therapists (direct music therapy) and interventions delivered by musicians or carers arising from training from music therapists (indirect music therapy) are discussed. Political and strategic developments for music and dementia are summarized, highlighting the need for increased training in the field and access to music at all stages of dementia. Case study examples are presented to highlight emerging practices and research; for example, couples attending music therapy groups in a rural community setting (Together in Sound) improved relationships and attitudes for people living with dementia. An international trial investigating reading and music interventions for people living with dementia and their homebased family carers (Homeside) is introduced, alongside practice and research in care homes where music therapy had been found to reduce agitation and improve carers’ well-being. Research shows music therapy interventions address personalized needs linked to daily lived experiences. However, indirect music therapy is needed to reach all who can benefit from music and are living with dementia. It is concluded that high quality, accessible music interventions should be embedded in care, and further research is needed to ascertain best practice.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211020424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41680876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music SciencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20592043211000474
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Developing a Child and Adolescent Chorister Engagement Survey: Probing Perceptions of Early Collective Experiences and Outcomes”","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/20592043211000474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211000474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211000474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43223759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music SciencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20592043211061106
K. Imai-Matsumura, Megumi Mutou
{"title":"Gaze Analysis of Pianists’ Sight-reading: Comparison Between Expert Pianists and Students Training to Be Pianists","authors":"K. Imai-Matsumura, Megumi Mutou","doi":"10.1177/20592043211061106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211061106","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important skills for a pianist is sight-reading, which is the ability to read an unknown music score and play it. In recent years, research has analysed eye movement during sight-reading. However, the definition of sight-reading has varied. In addition, the participants enlisted as experts in most studies have been music college students. The present study aimed to compare eye movements during sight-reading between experts, teachers at a music college and pianists, and non-experts, music college students studying to become pianists, using an eye tracker. Using easy and difficult music scores for two-handed playing, we investigated whether there were differences in the number of eye fixations, fixation duration, and eye-hand span. The definition of sight-reading in this study is to read a novel music score once without playing the piano, and then to play it while looking at the music score. The results showed that the higher the piano performance rating, the longer the eye-hand span. Areas of interest (AOIs) were defined every two rows, including a treble and bass staff in each music score. We conducted a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA (group × AOI) for each dependent variable to analyse fixation count and fixation duration per eye fixation. There was a significant interaction for the fixation count between groups and AOIs both without and with performance in the difficult score. In experts, the number of eye fixations on the difficult part of difficult score increased compared with other part both without and with performances. By contrast, there was a significant interaction for the duration per eye fixation between groups and AOIs in easy score with performance. The duration per eye fixation in experts was shorter than that in non-experts in the easy score with performance. These results suggest that experts get information through short gaze fixations.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43736768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music SciencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20592043211015353
T. van Criekinge, K. D’Août, J. O'Brien, E. Coutinho
{"title":"Music and Hypertonia: Can Music Listening Help Reduce Muscle Tension and Improve Movement Quality?","authors":"T. van Criekinge, K. D’Août, J. O'Brien, E. Coutinho","doi":"10.1177/20592043211015353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211015353","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is a strong consensus that music listening is a common and effective means to induce states of relaxation, little attention has been given to the physical effects of such states and the potential health-related applications. In this article, we investigated whether music listening could induce affective states of relaxation and accelerate the recovery of fatigued muscles, through the analysis of quality of movement. Twenty healthy participants were asked to perform a fatigue induction protocol of the non-dominant arm followed by a resting period and the execution of a drinking task. During recovery periods, all participants were exposed to three experimental conditions: listening to relaxing music; arousing music; and no music. 3D motion capture and surface electromyography were used to record upper limb movements and muscle activity when performing the drinking task before and after the recovery periods. Movement quality was assessed by means of movement smoothness (jerk index) and muscle recovery (motor unit recruitment). Results showed that recovery of movement smoothness in the relaxing music condition was significantly greater (-35%) than in the relaxing music condition (compared to arousing music, -25%, and silence, -16%) which demonstrates that listening to relaxing music speeds up the recovery process of (fatigued) muscles. We discuss our findings in the context of potential applications of music listening for reducing muscle tension in people suffering from hypertonia.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211015353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45993379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music SciencePub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20592043211032852
Mia Kuch, Clemens Wöllner
{"title":"On the Move: Principal Components of the Functions and Experiences of Mobile Music Listening","authors":"Mia Kuch, Clemens Wöllner","doi":"10.1177/20592043211032852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211032852","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile music listening is widely recognized as an integral part of everyday music use. It is also a rather peculiar experience, since the listeners are surrounded by strangers in public and at the same time engaged in a solitary and private activity. The current study aimed at investigating the functions and experiences of mobile listening with a quantitative online questionnaire, and collected further information about mobile listening situations and listening habits. Among respondents (n = 203), 89% reported listening to music while being on the move. We found mood-related and cognitive functions to be most prevalent (e.g., enhancing mood, relaxation, prevention of being bored), whereas least important functions relate to social dimensions (e.g., feeling less lonely, feeling less watched). Regarding experiences of mobile music, respondents most commonly adapted their mood to the music and lost touch with the current surroundings. A principal component analysis on ratings of functions and experiences resulted in an underlying structure of five dimensions, representing different levels of involvement: (1) Mood Management comprises functions to satisfy individual needs; (2) Absorption and Aestheticization encompasses deep listening experiences and altered perception of the surroundings; (3) Social Encapsulation and Self-Focus describe the distancing of oneself and changes in attention; (4) Distraction and Passing Time include the prevention of being bored and making time pass faster; and (5) Auditory Background is defined by a non-attentive and rather unaffected music listening. These results highlight the immersiveness of mobile music listening. By creating an individual soundworld, listeners distance themselves from the surroundings aurally and mentally, and modify their attention, perception, moods, and emotions, leading to an improvement of daily life experiences while moving.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211032852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46992833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music SciencePub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1177/2059204320974216
Agata Zelechowska, Victor González Sánchez, B. Laeng, J. Vuoskoski, A. Jensenius
{"title":"Who Moves to Music? Empathic Concern Predicts Spontaneous Movement Responses to Rhythm and Music","authors":"Agata Zelechowska, Victor González Sánchez, B. Laeng, J. Vuoskoski, A. Jensenius","doi":"10.1177/2059204320974216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204320974216","url":null,"abstract":"Moving to music is a universal human phenomenon, and previous studies have shown that people move to music even when they try to stand still. However, are there individual differences when it comes to how much people spontaneously respond to music with body movement? This article reports on a motion capture study in which 34 participants were asked to stand in a neutral position while listening to short excerpts of rhythmic stimuli and electronic dance music. We explore whether personality and empathy measures, as well as different aspects of music-related behaviour and preferences, can predict the amount of spontaneous movement of the participants. Individual differences were measured using a set of questionnaires: Big Five Inventory, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire. Liking ratings for the stimuli were also collected. The regression analyses show that Empathic Concern is a significant predictor of the observed spontaneous movement. We also found a relationship between empathy and the participants’ self-reported tendency to move to music.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2059204320974216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41397121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music SciencePub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.1177/2059204320977384
L. Warrenburg
{"title":"People Experience Different Emotions from Melancholic and Grieving Music","authors":"L. Warrenburg","doi":"10.1177/2059204320977384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204320977384","url":null,"abstract":"Two behavioral studies are reported that ask whether listeners experience different emotions in response to melancholic and grieving musical passages. In the first study, listeners were asked to rate the extent that musical passages made them feel positive and negative, as well as to identify which emotion(s) they felt from a list of 24 emotions. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that listeners experience different emotions when listening to melancholic and grieving music. The second study asked listeners to spontaneously describe their emotional states while listening to music. Content analysis was conducted in order to find any underlying dimensions of the identified responses. The analysis replicated the finding that melancholic and grieving music led to different feelings states, with melancholic music leading to feelings of Sad/Melancholy/Depressed, Reflective/Nostalgic, Rain/Dreary Weather, and Relaxed/Calm, while grieving music led to feelings of Anticipation/Uneasy, Tension/Intensity, Crying/Distraught/Turmoil, Death/Loss, and Epic/Dramatic/Cinematic.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2059204320977384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41318955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music SciencePub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.1177/2059204320974221
Landon S. L. Peck, Patrick Grealey
{"title":"Autobiographical Significance of Meaningful Musical Experiences: Reflections on Youth and Identity","authors":"Landon S. L. Peck, Patrick Grealey","doi":"10.1177/2059204320974221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204320974221","url":null,"abstract":"Meaningful musical experiences during youth can leave a lasting impression on an individual by shaping their identity and place in the world. This study examines such experiences in relation to autobiography and self-identity. An online questionnaire (N = 50) was distributed to establish how individuals understood musical experiences from their youth as important to their past and present self-identities. Following the online study, 10 questionnaire participants were selected to be interviewed to further examine the meanings created within their nominated experiences, and how these meanings had been autobiographically contextualised against the backdrop of the memory of these experiences. Questionnaire data was analysed using Thematic Analysis to establish shared autobiographical- and identity-related concepts. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis served as the methodological framework for analysing the participant interviews to support a more individualised interpretation of each participant’s experience. Data from the online questionnaire were analysed to reveal a network of identity- and autobiography-relevant themes, which were organised under three wider thematic categories: the self, the social, and the musical. Analysis of the interviews, guided by Identity Theory, revealed individual differences in participants’ processes of identity formation, relationships with music, and attitudes towards their past selves. In both sets of data, prominent themes emerged around ideas of personal transformation and pivoting to a new path in life. These findings frame autobiographically significant musical experiences as powerful in their potential to contribute to identity formation, although their impact varies for each individual. We assessed this autobiographical significance through the enduring salience over time of the identity the experience affected, enabled by our respondents’ reflections on both their past and their present self-identities. Our results illustrate that music can support a wide range of self-identity-relevant meanings, and fundamentally transform our sense of who we are.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2059204320974221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47875013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Music SciencePub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.1177/2059204320974215
Landon S. L. Peck
{"title":"The 13th International Conference of Students of Systematic Musicology (SysMus20)","authors":"Landon S. L. Peck","doi":"10.1177/2059204320974215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204320974215","url":null,"abstract":"Held entirely online, the 13th International Conference of Students of Systematic Musicology (SysMus20) saw early stage researchers sharing ideas at the intersection of musicology and empirical scientific research. At this student-led conference, presenters were able to showcase exciting research projects, disseminate findings from recent studies, and learn valuable skills from virtual workshops. Keynote addresses were held by Dr Freya Bailes (University of Leeds) and Prof. Ian Cross (University of Cambridge). A summary of the sessions and an overview the conference is here presented by this report.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2059204320974215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47315114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}