Music Science最新文献

{"title":"Perspectives on the Potential Benefits of Children’s Group-based Music Education","authors":"Linnavalli Tanja, Soni García Adriana, Tervaniemi Mari","doi":"10.1177/20592043211033578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211033578","url":null,"abstract":"Recent empirical evidence suggests that attending individual instrumental training in music schools benefits the development of cognitive skills such as language and executive functions. In this article, we examine studies that have found these transfer effects provided by group-based music education in school and preschool contexts. We conclude that group-based music lessons may enhance children’s language skills and possibly executive functions, but evidence for the impact of music activities on intelligence—as measured by nonverbal intelligence tests—or long-term prosocial abilities is scarce. Although the beneficial effects of music on language skills and executive functions are small, they seem to be discernible. However, we do not know if they apply to all children or only to, for example, children who enjoy engaging in musical activities. We suggest that group-based music education should be part of the national school and preschool curricula, because of both the enjoyment of learning music-related skills and the impact it may have on children’s general learning. In parallel, we encourage new empirical longitudinal projects to be launched, enabling further investigations into the promises of music.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211033578","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47693157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of “Enacting musical time. The bodily experience of new music,” by Mariusz Kozak","authors":"A. Schiavio","doi":"10.1177/20592043211028767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211028767","url":null,"abstract":"Exploring the depth and complexity of musical experience is a tricky business. As for many, if not all, other qualitative aspects of life, this involves navigating a constantly evolving conceptual landscape along with the conventions of social and cultural meaning this entails. Among others, a major challenge for such an enterprise is to describe in detail the what-is-likeness of our engagement with the phenomenon in question, and compare with great accuracy the range of explanatory models developed from different epistemological traditions. In recent years, the school of thought that falls under the umbrella term “embodied cognitive science” contributed to this research avenue a perspective that places a major emphasis on the bodily dynamics through which experience is thought to arise and flourish (Chemero, 2009; Varela et al., 1991). Music research inspired by such an approach holds that categories such as body, action, and movement constitute an arsenal of conceptual tools that can be used to examine from a deeper perspective the various layers of significance that (making, perceiving, composing, etc.) music involves (Iyer, 2002, 2004; Leman, 2007; Schiavio et al., 2020). Enacting musical time is a wonderful example of a book that combines sophisticated philosophical discussion, insights from musicology and musical analysis, and themes from recent trends in embodied cognitive sciences to achieve such an objective. This interdisciplinary liaison is realized through a focus on the multifaceted notion of “musical time.” The latter, understood as a dynamical interaction between musical sounds and listeners, is examined through a series of explanatory cases extrapolated from contemporary Western classic music, and through a number of evocative descriptions rooted in phenomenological philosophy. Addressing the connection between time, perceptual experience, and contemporary music from multiple angles would be already more than enough to make the book original and fascinating; it is, however, the quality of the writing, the coherence of the proposal, and the rich variety of concrete examples offered throughout the text that make this volume an outstanding contribution. Kozak expands on the work by phenomenologist Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and on the ecological psychology of J. J. Gibson, to problematize existing views on musical time (as, for example, put forward by composers such as Boulez, Carter, or Grisey), arguing the thesis that “the body enacts time by actualizing the potential inherent in a given situation” (p. 7). One after the other, the chapters alternate critical reflections on our listening and bodily capacities with concrete musical examples to develop innovative ways in which said claim can be addressed. The book begins with a fascinating description of how sounds and bodies become ultimately indissoluble in the continuous process of sense making at the core of our listening experience. It is argued in this first chapter that the tempora","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211028767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41877434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making a Difference with Music Psychology Research: Strategy, Serendipity, and Surviving a Global Pandemic","authors":"A. Lamont","doi":"10.1177/20592043211050018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211050018","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has forced researchers around the globe in every discipline imaginable into a position, where they have to provide justification for the relevance of their work. This represents a sharp acceleration in an underlying trend toward demonstrating greater impact for research, as evidenced in the UK by assessments such as Pathways to Impact statements in grant applications and Research Excellence Framework (REF) Impact Case Studies. Music psychology is ideally positioned at the nexus of a number of different larger fields to afford strategic relevance of some kind, and some work is more obviously placed to do so, such as the many intervention projects harnessing instrumental benefits of music which are explicitly designed to improve people’s lives. However, I argue that the fundamental power of music (in and of itself as well as in other areas) provides everyone in the field with inherent potential impact. Using the case study of a recent project, I am leading on people’s favorite music choices, which turned into something of value to many of its participants almost overnight, I illustrate how serendipity can be developed into strategy. Drawing on insights from analysis of people’s accounts of their favorite music, I show how the fundamental premise that music matters to people gives music psychology research a head start in its quest for relevance, placing this in wider debates about the relevance of music, the arts, and culture to post-COVID-19 life.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43484559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vowel Modification (Aggiustamento) in Soprano Voices","authors":"May Pik Yu Chan, Youngah Do","doi":"10.1177/20592043211055168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211055168","url":null,"abstract":"Singers convey meaning via both text and music. As sopranos balance tone quality and diction, vowel intelligibility is often compromised at high pitches. This study examines how sopranos modify their vowels against an increasing fundamental, and in turn how such vowel modification affects vowel intelligibility. We examine the vowel modification process of three non-central vowels in Cantonese ([a], [ɛ] and [ɔ]) using the spectral centroid. Acoustic results suggest that overall vowel modification is conditioned by vowel height in mid-ranges and by vowel frontness in higher ranges. In a following perception task, listeners identified and discriminated vowels at pitches spanning an octave from A4 (nominally 440 Hz) to G♯5 (nominally 831 Hz). Results showed that perceptual accuracy rates of the three vowels’ match their acoustic patterns. The overall results suggest that vowels are not modified in a unified way in sopranos’ voices, implying that research on sopranos’ singing strategies should consider vocalic differences.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45343719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Between Music and Empathic Decision Making in Healthy Young Adults","authors":"Aaron Colverson, Damon G. Lamb, C. Garvan, K. Toh, E. Porges, Welson Tremura, J. Williamson","doi":"10.1177/20592043211015865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211015865","url":null,"abstract":"Music and empathy are components of social experience. Similar and adjacent functional brain systems are required in the production and understanding of music, the processing of emotion, and engagement in social behavior. Activity in these brain systems is often reflected in autonomic features, including dynamic behavior of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Music may influence prosocial behavior and this effect may be reflected by the behavior of the autonomic nervous system. This experiment was designed to evaluate these relationships. Healthy undergraduate students (N = 60) participated in Cyberball, a task sensitive to differences in prosocial behavior, while listening to or not listening to different types of music. Results indicated that music positively affects prosocial behavior, but autonomic activity does not reflect the degree of music’s effect on prosocial behavior.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211015865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44971403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Musical Preference: Role of Personality and Music-Related Acoustic Features","authors":"Maya B. Flannery, M. Woolhouse","doi":"10.1177/20592043211014014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211014014","url":null,"abstract":"Personality factors, typically determined by the Big Five Inventory (BFI), have been a primary method for investigating individual preferences in music. While these studies have yielded a number of insights into musical choices, weaknesses exist, owing to the methods by which music is characterized and categorized. For example, musical genre, music-preference dimensions (e.g., reflective and complex), and musical attributes (e.g., strong and mellow), reported within the literature, have arguably produced inconsistent and thus difficult to interpret results. We attempt to circumvent these inconsistencies by classifying music using objectively quantifiable acoustic features that are fundamental to Western music, such as tempo and register. Moreover, it is our contention that the link between musical preference and personality may operate primarily at the level of acoustic features and not at broader categorization levels, such as genre. This study attempts to address this issue. Ninety participants listened to and indicated preference for stimuli that were systematically manipulated by dynamics (attack rate), mode, register, and tempo. Personality was measured using the BFI, allowing for analysis of personality traits and preference for acoustic features. Results supported the link between personality and preference for certain acoustic features. Preference with respect to dynamics was related to openness and extraversion; mode to conscientiousness and extraversion; register to extraversion and neuroticism; and tempo to conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism. Though significant, these associations were relatively weak; therefore, future research could expand the number of manipulated acoustic features. Specific attempts should also aim to disentangle the effects of genre versus acoustic features on musical preferences. Personality–preference relationships at the acoustic-feature level are discussed with respect to music recommender systems and other aspects of the literature.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211014014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46611709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreasing Stress Through a Spatial Audio and Immersive 3D Environment: A Pilot Study With Implications for Clinical and Medical Settings","authors":"David M. Greenberg, E. Bodner, A. Shrira, Kai R Fricke","doi":"10.1177/2059204321993992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204321993992","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence that music-based interventions can be effective in treating clinical and non-clinical populations. With the emergence of audio-visual technologies, there are new opportunities for developing web-based applications that have therapeutic effects in mental health and medical settings. Here we conducted a pilot study (N = 100) to test if an immersive web-based spatial audio application can decrease stress and negative mood states. Results showed that the application was effective for both clinical (n = 40) and non-clinical (n = 60) groups, and that the effect was most profound for individuals diagnosed with depression and anxiety disorders. Though the present study needs to be replicated with physiological methods, the findings provide initial evidence that web-based spatial audio applications can be effective for short-term stress reduction and have the potential to be a supplement to clinical music interventions, but not a replacement or substitute for such interventions.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2059204321993992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46198534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disco Time: The Relationship Between Perceived Duration and Tempo in Music","authors":"David Hammerschmidt, Clemens Wöllner, Justin M. London, Birgitta Burger","doi":"10.1177/2059204320986384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204320986384","url":null,"abstract":"Our perception of the duration of a piece of music is related to its tempo. When listening to music, absolute durations may seem longer as the tempo—the rate of an underlying pulse or beat—increases. Yet, the perception of tempo itself is not absolute. In a study on perceived tempo, participants were able to distinguish between different tempo-shifted versions of the same song (± 5 beats per minute (BPM)), yet their tempo ratings did not match the actual BPM rates; this finding was called tempo anchoring effect (TAE). In order to gain further insights into the relation between duration and tempo perception in music, the present study investigated the effect of musical tempo on two different duration measures, to see if there is an analog to the TAE in duration perception. Using a repeated-measures design, 32 participants (16 musicians) were randomly presented with instrumental excerpts of Disco songs at the original tempi and in tempo-shifted versions. The tasks were (a) to reproduce the absolute duration of each stimulus (14–20 s), (b) to estimate the absolute duration of the stimuli in seconds, and (c) to rate the perceived tempo. Results show that duration reproductions were longer with faster tempi, yet no such effect was found for duration estimations. Thus, lower-level reproductions were affected by the tempo, but higher-level estimations were not. The tempo-shifted versions showed no effect on both duration measures, suggesting that the tempo difference for the duration-lengthening effect requires a difference of at least 20 BPM, depending on the duration measure. Results of perceived tempo replicated the typical rating pattern of the TAE, but this was not found in duration measures. The roles of spontaneous motor tempo and musical experience are discussed, and implications for future studies are given.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2059204320986384","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46428574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review","authors":"J. Robledo","doi":"10.1177/20592043211006638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211006638","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211006638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43677318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmenting Function with Value: An Exploration of Reasons to Engage and Disengage from Music Listening","authors":"A. Krause, S. Glasser, M. Osborne","doi":"10.1177/20592043211022535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20592043211022535","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations of music in everyday life are dominated by a functional perspective, drawn from work using the theory of Uses and Gratifications. In so doing, we may have neglected to fully appreciate the value people place on music listening. Therefore, the present study considered if, and why, people value music listening and probed instances when they may not want to listen to music in everyday life. A sample of 319 university students residing in Australia (76.50% female, M age = 20.64) completed an online questionnaire, on which they were asked to provide short responses to open-ended questions directly addressing two research questions. Inductive thematic analysis yielded 13 themes synthesizing how participants valued listening to music, such as appreciation, emotion, time and engagement, cognitive factors, and mood regulation. Reasons for not listening to music were summarized by eight themes dominated by interference with activities that required focus or concentration, followed by environmental context, affective responses, music engagement and inversely, a preference for silence or other auditory stimuli. Fifteen percent of participants stated there was never a time they did not want to listen to music. The findings provide a novel perspective on the value of music listening beyond that considered by uses and gratifications with regard to the function of listening to music in everyday life.","PeriodicalId":33047,"journal":{"name":"Music Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/20592043211022535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48999741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}