Avicenna Journal of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Cholera: An Overview with Reference to the Syrian Outbreak","authors":"Munawar Hraib, Sara Alaidi, Sarah Jouni, Sana Saad, Mohammad Muna, Nour Alaidi, Zuheir Alshehabi","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1775762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1775762","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cholera is an acute type of diarrheal disease caused by intestinal infection with the toxin-producing bacteria Vibrio cholerae. The disease is still endemic in almost 69 countries, accounting for around 2.86 million cases and 95,000 deaths annually. Cholera is associated with poor infrastructure, and lack of access to sanitation and clean drinking water. The current cholera outbreak in Syria is associated with more than 10 years of conflict, which has devastated infrastructures and health services. There were 132,782 suspected cases reported between August 25, 2022 and May 20, 2023 in all 14 governorates, including 104 associated deaths. The recent earthquake in the region has complicated the situation, with an increase in cholera cases, and hindrance to a response to the disease. Climate change has driven a number of large cholera outbreaks around the world this year. The World Health Organization prequalifies three oral cholera vaccines. Cholera treatment mainly depends on rehydration, with the use of antibiotics in more severe infections. This review gives an overview of cholera bacteriology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and prevention in light of global climate change and the ongoing outbreak in Syria, which poses a significant public health threat that requires urgent attention.","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135534906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yoga as Adjunct Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Abhijit Dutta,&nbsp;Aruchunan Mooventhan,&nbsp;L Nivethitha","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774738","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1774738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition that can significantly impact the quality of life and increase mortality risk. Yoga is a mind-body therapy that has been studied as a potential complementary treatment for CHF. However, the effectiveness of yoga in improving outcomes in patients with CHF remains uncertain. <b>Methods</b>  We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of yoga on outcomes in patients with CHF. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and IndMED databases from inception to March 2023. The outcomes of interest were left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac biomarkers, exercise capacity, quality of life, and cardiac function. <b>Results</b>  We identified 11 RCTs that met our inclusion criteria, involving a total of 552 participants. The meta-analysis showed that yoga was associated with significant improvements in peak VO ₂ (mean difference [MD]= 3.29; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.64 to 4.94; I ² = 0%), exercise capacity (MD=101.54; 95% CI: 6.24 to 196.83; I ² = 96%), quality of life (MD = -19.99; 95% CI: -25.76 to -14.22; <i>I</i> ²  = 43%), NT-proBNP (MD = -288.78; 95% CI: -492.20 to -85.37; <i>I</i> ²  = 94%), and 6-minute walk test (MD = 101.54; 95% CI: 6.24-196.83; <i>I</i> ²  = 96%), but not in the left ventricular ejection fraction (MD = 4.28; 95% CI: -1.14 to 9.70; <i>I</i> ²  = 93%). Subgroup analysis suggested that the effect of yoga on the quality of life is more pronounced in patients with the \"New York Heart Association\" (NYHA) class I and II CHF patients and in those who practiced yoga for longer durations. No serious adverse events related to yoga were reported. Most of the included studies were of \"low\" quality. <b>Conclusion</b>  Current evidence suggests that yoga may be an effective complementary and integrative therapy for improving peak VO ₂ exercise capacity, NT-proBNP, and quality of life in patients with CHF. However, the low-quality evidence does not render us to conclude anything beyond doubt or draw any firm clinical recommendation. Future high-quality studies are needed to explore the optimal duration and frequency of yoga practice and its effects on long-term outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 3","pages":"151-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Macro- and Microcirculation in the Critically Ill: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Syed Nabeel Muzaffar,&nbsp;Akshyaya Pradhan,&nbsp;Suhail Sarwar Siddiqui,&nbsp;Shubhajeet Roy,&nbsp;Timil Suresh","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1772175","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1772175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circulatory shock is a common and important diagnosis in the critical care environment. Hemodynamic monitoring is quintessential in the management of shock. The currently used hemodynamic monitoring devices not only measure cardiac output but also provide data related to the prediction of fluid responsiveness, extravascular lung water, and also pulmonary vascular permeability. Additionally, these devices are minimally invasive and associated with fewer complications. The area of hemodynamic monitoring is progressively evolving with a trend toward the use of minimally invasive devices in this area. The critical care physician should be well-versed with current hemodynamic monitoring limitations and stay updated with the upcoming advances in this field so that optimal therapy can be delivered to patients in circulatory shock.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 3","pages":"138-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Local Policy to Reduce HIV in Mexico City.","authors":"Mayar Al Mohajer","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1773791","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1773791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Joint United Nations Program on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, UNAIDS) has recommended 90-90-90 goals to increase the number of patients who are aware of their status, on antiretroviral therapy, and have undetectable viral loads. Mexico City has made several achievements to aid in prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment; however, the incidence of HIV has not decreased over the past decade. This article reviews global initiatives that were successful in achieving some or all these metrics and provide a road map for Mexico to reach the desired goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 3","pages":"187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41154710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physician Attitude toward Their Attires and Laundering Habit Changes during the COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey in a Tertiary Care Center.","authors":"Reema Alwabel,&nbsp;Bushra Alasmari,&nbsp;Aljawhara Alabdulkarim,&nbsp;Yusra Chachar,&nbsp;Hamdan A Jahdali,&nbsp;Laila Layqah,&nbsp;Salim Baharoon","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1770935","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1770935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Patient safety is of utmost importance and every effort is to be made to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infection. Contaminated attire is proposed as a mode of hospital infections spread. This study aims to assess the laundering habits, the perception of healthcare workers toward the contamination of their attire, and the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on their cleaning practices in non-operative settings. <b>Methods</b>  This is a cross-sectional study conducted using a self-administered questionnaire which was distributed among physicians at King Abdul-Aziz Medical city, Riyadh. The questionnaire queried the physicians about their laundering habits, knowledge toward their attire, and the difference in cleaning practices after the emergence of COVID-19. <b>Results</b>  Out of 220 questionnaires distributed, 192 physicians responded. Majority of physicians were male (54%) and were in the 20 to 30 age group. Female gender was significantly associated with the frequency of uniform washing ( <i>p-</i> value < 0.0001) and place of cleaning (home vs. outside home) ( <i>p-</i> value <0.0001). Physicians in intensive care were more likely to take off their uniforms daily before leaving the hospital compared to others ( <i>p-</i> value of 0.018). Most physicians did not prefer to use the hospital laundry system for cleaning their uniforms but consultants were the most to use it. COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in washing habits in 108 physicians (60%). <b>Conclusion</b>  Majority of physicians accepted washing their uniforms multiple times per week and their washing habits increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Female gender and younger physician both were associated with increasing washing habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 3","pages":"169-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Arterial PaCO ₂ Values and ETCO ₂ Values Measured with Sidestream Capnography in Patients with a Prediagnosis of COPD Exacerbation.","authors":"Gökhan İşat,&nbsp;Tuba Cimilli Öztürk,&nbsp;Özge Ecmel Onur,&nbsp;Serdar Özdemir,&nbsp;Ebru Ünal Akoğlu,&nbsp;Fatma Tokgöz Akyıl,&nbsp;Hacer Kuzu Okur","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771179","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1771179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Aim of this study is to investigate whether end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO ₂ ) values can be used instead of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO ₂ ) values in guiding treatment, and determining treatment benefits in patients that received a pre-diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation at the emergency department. <b>Methods</b>  This observational prospective study was conducted with patients who presented to the emergency department with the complaint of shortness of breath and were diagnosed with COPD exacerbation. ETCO ₂ was measured with the sidestream method during blood gas analysis in patients with indications for this analysis. Measurements were repeated at hour 1 after treatment. <b>Results</b>  The study included a total of 121 cases. There was a positive correlation between the PaCO ₂ and ETCO ₂ values measured before and after treatment ( <i>r</i>  = 0.736, <i>p</i>  < 0.01 and <i>r</i>  = 0.883, <i>p</i>  < 0.01, respectively). High ETCO ₂ values were accompanied by high PaCO ₂ values. When the measurements before and after treatment were evaluated using the Bland-Altman method, most of the result were within the limits of agreement (-4.9 and +31.4/- 2.6 and +9.4), with mean differences being calculated as 13.2 and 8.4, respectively. <b>Conclusions</b>  Although ETCO ₂ and PaCO ₂ were statistically consistent according to the results of our study, due to the high averages of differences between these two parameters, the ETCO ₂ value has limited clinical use in COPD cases compared to PaCO ₂ . However, high ETCO ₂ values may indicate that noninvasive mechanical ventilation should be included in the treatment of COPD cases without waiting for the results of blood gas analysis, and they can also be when needed for inpatient treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 3","pages":"182-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41104123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Anxiety among People with Various Physical Activity Levels during Lockdown in Karachi, Pakistan.","authors":"Noor Ul Ain,&nbsp;Muriam Arif,&nbsp;Mariam Sultan Dar,&nbsp;Umm E Habiba,&nbsp;Mahjabeen Shah,&nbsp;Uzma Naseeb","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1770934","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1770934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  The purpose of this study is to make it easier to counsel the general public on how to promote their psychological health and better lifestyle by boosting their physical activity in the event of more devastating future waves of coronavirus disease 2019. Coronavirus disease is a viral infection first reported in Wuhan, China, which led to a worldwide pandemic and lockdown. In addition to physical health, the uncertainty of situation and fear of infection have further affected the mental health of the individuals. Lockdown has also halted the physical activity of people further adding into the stress and anxiety. <b>Methods</b>  A sample size of 376 was required, but a convenient sampling technique collected 400 responses due to overwhelming Participation. A well-structured questionnaire was used for data collection, which contained sections such as a demographics section. We used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire scale to measure various physical activity levels and the generalized anxiety disorder scale to measure anxiety levels, because of their considerate validity and feasibility. Later both of our variables were compared to find out the correlation of anxiety levels with different physical activity levels. <b>Results</b>  Mean Anxiety and its prevalence rates in the sample were 7.32 ± 5.767 and 33%. On performing Pearson correlation, increasing age was found to be a risk factor for Anxiety. One-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between Physical Activity and Anxiety. In the post-hoc Tukey test, a considerable difference in anxiety level was found between people with no physical activity and vigorous physical activity. <b>Conclusion</b>  During the lockdown period, the mean anxiety was found to be 7.0 ± 5.56 with prevalence rate of 33% among the people with no, low, moderate or vigorous physically active levels was found to be associated with better perceived mental health status which suggests the need to promote physically active style to cope with anxiety and awareness sessions to be conducted especially among those who could not maintain a physically active lifestyle. Also, among the general population e-Health programs could provide an appropriate way to promote a physically active lifestyle.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 3","pages":"163-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunistic Fungal Invasion in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Review in Diagnosis and Management.","authors":"Abhishek Sharma,&nbsp;Gulnaz Bano,&nbsp;Abdul Malik,&nbsp;Yuman Rasool,&nbsp;Samrina Manzar,&nbsp;Tarun Singh,&nbsp;Manish Maity","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1770921","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1770921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the culprit behind the pandemic across the globe in recent decades. Variants of SARS-CoV especially coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related fungus might not be identified or might be misdiagnosed on a worldwide scale. Patients of COVID-19 acquired invasive mycoses, especially if they are very ill or immunosuppressed. Clinical intervention based on various standard guidelines would be necessary to guarantee that <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Candida</i> -infected COVID-19 patients are adequately treated. To facilitate clinical professionals, doctors, paramedics, and laboratory staff in the treatment of various variants of COVID-19 patients with concurrent aspergillosis, candidiasis, mucormycosis, or cryptococcosis, a tabulation format is drafted in this study. We believe it is prudent to take into account the general nature, and variety of the mycosis that is arriving, the strength and limits of the diagnostic tools, clinical conditions, and the need for standardized or customized therapy in various coronavirus-infected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 3","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41150596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Sleep Disturbances in Syrian Refugees in the United States.","authors":"Safa Sankari,&nbsp;Nancy Wrobel,&nbsp;Michelle Leonard,&nbsp;Lana Grasser,&nbsp;Abdulghani Sankari,&nbsp;Arash Javanbakht","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1768646","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1768646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with disturbed sleep. However, the impact of sleep disturbances and PTSD symptomology in refugee populations is not well known. This study examined how PTSD-related sleep symptoms and overall sleep quality were impacted by previous and current traumatic and stressful experiences. <b>Methods</b>  Adult Syrian refugees living in Southeast Michigan were assessed via scheduled in-home interviews. Overall sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. PTSD-related sleep disturbances were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum. The presence of PTSD symptomatology was assessed via self-report using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist. The Life Events Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-5 screened for prior traumatic events experienced and the Postmigration Living Difficulties Questionnaire was assessed for postmigration stressors. Correlational analysis was conducted between overall sleep quality, PTSD symptom severity, and previous trauma experienced. A stepwise linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the role of overall sleep quality, PTSD-specific sleep disturbances, current living difficulties, and the number of preimmigration traumatic events directly experienced or witnessed due to the presence of overall PTSD symptomology. <b>Results</b>  A total of 53 adults completed the study. PTSD-disturbed sleep was found to be positively associated with overall poor sleep quality ( <i>r</i>  = 0.42, <i>p</i>  < 0.01), PTSD symptomology ( <i>r</i>  = 0.65, <i>p</i>  < 0.01), and current living difficulties ( <i>r</i>  = 0.37, <i>p</i>  < 0.05). The PTSD-related sleep disturbances (B = 0.66, <i>p</i>  < 0.01) and postmigration living difficulties (B = 0.44, <i>p</i>  < 0.01) were found to be the strongest predictors of PTSD symptoms. <b>Conclusion</b>  Disturbed sleep is strongly associated with current stressful experiences and PTSD symptomology among Syrian refugees.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 2","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9870435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and Depression Symptoms of Family Members of Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Prospective Observational Study and the Lived Experiences of the Family Members.","authors":"Hande Gurbuz,&nbsp;Nalan Demir","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1769933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1769933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting symptoms of anxiety and depression in the family members of critically ill patients. <b>Methods</b>  This prospective cohort study was conducted in an adult tertiary care mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU) at a tertiary-level teaching hospital. The symptoms of anxiety and depression of first-degree adult relatives were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Four family members were interviewed and asked about their experiences during the ICU process. <b>Results</b>  A total of 84 patients and their family members were included in the study. The symptoms of anxiety were present in 44/84 (52.4%), and depression was present in 57/84 (67.9%) family members. A nasogastric tube was found to be related to anxiety ( <i>p</i>  = 0.005) and depressive symptoms ( <i>p</i>  = 0.002). The family members of the patients with an acute developed illness had 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-10.9) times the odds of having the symptoms of anxiety and 6.2 (95% CI: 1.7-21.7) times the odds of having the symptoms of depression than the family members of the patients with an illness developed on a chronic basis. The family members of the patients who died in the ICU had 5.0 (95% CI: 1.0-24.5) times the odds of being depressed than the patients discharged from the ICU. All interviewees stated having difficulty understanding and remembering what was told. The common feelings of all the interviewees were desperation and fear. <b>Conclusions</b>  Awareness of the emotional stress of family members can help develop interventions and attitudes to alleviate symptom burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":32889,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Medicine","volume":"13 2","pages":"89-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10332937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}