Gender and the Genome最新文献_第3页

Sex × Gender and Sexual Orientation in Relation to Stress Hormones and Allostatic Load 性别×性别和性取向与应激激素和负荷的关系

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2470289719862555

R. Juster

引用次数: 3

Exploring Gender Diversity in IT and CS Departments Within 3 Private Universities in Erbil City 埃尔比勒市3所私立大学IT和CS系性别多样性研究

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2470289719882438

Mohammad Salim Abulrahman, Savriddin Khalilov

{"title":"Exploring Gender Diversity in IT and CS Departments Within 3 Private Universities in Erbil City","authors":"Mohammad Salim Abulrahman, Savriddin Khalilov","doi":"10.1177/2470289719882438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470289719882438","url":null,"abstract":"The number of information technology (IT) jobs is increasing dramatically in Iraq. This has produced an increased need for IT graduates than before. On the other hand, most IT and computer science (CS) departments in private universities are seeing small numbers of females in their courses. This indicates that these private universities have failed in attracting a sufficient percentage of female students. In this article, we explore the gender gap in IT and CS departments at 3 private universities: Tishk, Cihan, and Bayan, using 3 data sets related to the 2017 to 2018 academic year. The research design is descriptive and primary data were collected using personal observations made by the authors over the past 2 years. By analyzing these data sets, we can discover important issues such as students’ diversity in computing departments. For example, we find that a gender gap does not clearly exist in the IT department of Tishk University, while it’s more obvious in CS departments of Bayan and Cihan Universities. This finding implies that there is a need for some initiatives to attract women to IT and CS departments and to more investigate the gender gap in computing within the higher education level. These findings may also be relevant to the computing programs at other large public universities.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470289719882438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44482185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientific Misconduct—Insights From the Work of an Ethics Committee 科学不端行为——来自伦理委员会工作的见解

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/2470289718807215

M. Glezerman, E. Grossman

引用次数: 1

Gender Differences in Associations Between Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Outcomes. 压力与心血管风险因素和结果之间的性别差异。

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2018-10-01 Epub Date: 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/2470289718820845

Jasmine L Taylor, Nour Makarem, Daichi Shimbo, Brooke Aggarwal

{"title":"Gender Differences in Associations Between Stress and Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Outcomes.","authors":"Jasmine L Taylor, Nour Makarem, Daichi Shimbo, Brooke Aggarwal","doi":"10.1177/2470289718820845","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2470289718820845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychological stress, a subjective perception of an adverse environmental change, is a hallmark of modern society. Although psychological stress has previously been established as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is unclear whether stress influences cardiovascular risk differently in men versus women. Gender disparities exist in the prevalence of stress as well as in the prevalence and prognosis of CVD; therefore, associations between stress and CVD risk and mortality may vary by sex. The purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence from recent and landmark studies on gender differences in the associations of stress with CVD risk factors and end points and to highlight clinical and public health implications as well as future research directions in this field. Taken together, research to date indicates that while stress is associated with poorer cardiovascular health metrics in both men and women, the influence of stress on measures of glucose regulation and dyslipidemia and on overall CVD risk may be stronger among women. However, men may be more susceptible to the influence of stress on body adiposity, blood pressure, and CVD mortality. In terms of behavioral risk factors for CVD, associations between stress and diet quantity and quality appear to be stronger among women, but the influence of stress on sedentary behaviors and sleep may be stronger among men. Given that gender disparities exist in the prevalence of overall and different types of stress (eg, financial stress, caregiving stress, and occupational stress), future studies should decipher the potential differential associations between types of stress and cardiovascular risk among men and women to identify vulnerable populations and develop targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"2 4","pages":"111-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/ef/nihms-1599649.PMC8204799.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39245001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promoting Protective Factors in Environments of Risk for Young Children: An Organizing Framework for Practice, Policy, and Research 促进幼儿风险环境中的保护因素:实践、政策和研究的组织框架

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/2470289718820843

B. Fallon, Joanne Filippelli, N. Joh-Carnella, Elizabeth Milne, Jessica Carradine

{"title":"Promoting Protective Factors in Environments of Risk for Young Children: An Organizing Framework for Practice, Policy, and Research","authors":"B. Fallon, Joanne Filippelli, N. Joh-Carnella, Elizabeth Milne, Jessica Carradine","doi":"10.1177/2470289718820843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470289718820843","url":null,"abstract":"Early childhood is an important developmental period, which lays the foundation for future learning, behaviour, physical and mental health and gene expression. The most vulnerable children in society are often referred to and receive services from the child welfare system because of a concern of abuse and neglect and/or a poor developmental trajectory. This paper presents an organizing framework for how the child welfare system, in concert with allied partners, can support interventions for young children and families by acknowledging its crucial role in improving their development and well-being. The framework is informed by research amassed from numerous disciplines, including child welfare, development, neuroscience, neurobiology and epigenetics. Although the notions of protection and well-being are central considerations in child welfare legislation in Ontario, Canada, the operationalization of wellbeing has proven challenging in child welfare practice, policy and research. The framework proposes ten key indicators and priorities for identifying and promoting optimal child development. Findings from the 2013 cycle of the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (OIS-2013), the only provincial source of aggregated child welfare investigation data, are presented to articulate the divide between the environmental context of a population of at-risk children and the conditions that both protect children and increase the likelihood that they will thrive in adulthood. This paper argues there are different points of entry and intervention across sectors and provides a foundation for further discussion on how to promote well-being for society's most vulnerable children.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"30 12","pages":"110 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470289718820843","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41249565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Human Microbiome and Gender Medicine 人类微生物组和性别医学

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/2470289718811764

G. Levy, I. Solt

引用次数: 6

The Persistent Gender Bias in the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停诊断中的持续性别偏见

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/2470289718787107

Alejandra C. Lastra, H. Attarian

引用次数: 21

Female Dietary Patterns and the Pathogenesis of NAFLD 女性饮食模式与NAFLD的发病机制

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/2470289718787091

S. Hörist-Kollmann, J. strametz-Juranek

{"title":"Female Dietary Patterns and the Pathogenesis of NAFLD","authors":"S. Hörist-Kollmann, J. strametz-Juranek","doi":"10.1177/2470289718787091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470289718787091","url":null,"abstract":"In Europe as well as the United States, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is defined as a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Being a very powerful and independent cardiovascular risk factor, NAFLD increases cardiovascular and overall mortality to a significant degree. The purpose of this review was to determine sex- and gender-specific differences in the prevalence and pathogenesis of NAFLD and delineate the specific characteristics of NAFLD as a systemic disease in men and women. Postmenopausal women and women with endocrine disorders such as the polycystic ovarian syndrome are at high risk of developing NAFLD. The increasing incidence of female NAFLD after menopause appears to be related to reduced estrogen and increased testosterone levels, as well as changes in the distribution of fatty tissue. Finally, the role of gender-specific nutrition patterns in the pathogenesis of NAFLD will be discussed. Fructose consumption from industrialized products is a promoter of NAFLD, depending on the total daily calorie intake of macronutrients. A higher level of health literacy and conscious food behavior have been noted among women of all age groups compared to males, which could play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Health professionals are confronted with the challenges of early diagnosis by the use of sensitive, reliable, and noninvasive diagnostic tools, including screening algorithms for high-risk persons and providing gender-specific nutritional support as a crucial element of treatment and disease prevention.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"2 1","pages":"49 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470289718787091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47753085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

A Brief Comparative History Analysis 比较历史浅析

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/2470289718787086

S. Haga

引用次数: 0

Sex Differences in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reference to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction 慢性心力衰竭患者左心室射血分数的性别差异

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2018-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/2470289718787115

Y. Sakata, S. Miyata, Kotaro Nochioka, M. Miura, T. Shiroto, H. Shimokawa

{"title":"Sex Differences in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reference to Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction","authors":"Y. Sakata, S. Miyata, Kotaro Nochioka, M. Miura, T. Shiroto, H. Shimokawa","doi":"10.1177/2470289718787115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470289718787115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Data on sex differences in heart failure (HF) with reference to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are limited. Methods and Materials: We examined 4683 consecutive patients (mean 69 years) with HF in the CHART-2 study. Results: Compared to men (N = 3188), women with HF (N = 1495) were older and had a lower prevalence of ischemic heart disease and cancer, received less implementation of evidence-based treatment, and were characterized by more severe HF in terms of higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and increased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, despite greater preservation of LVEF. During the median 6.3-year follow-up, all-cause mortality was comparable between women and men (32.8% vs 33.2%, P = .816), while women had higher cardiovascular mortality, particularly among those with LVEF ≥50%. Although no sex differences existed in cause of death among patients with LVEF ≤ 40% and 41% to 49%, women had a higher proportion of cardiovascular death and lower proportion of noncardiovascular death than men among those with LVEF ≥ 50%. Multivariable Cox regression models showed that women with HF had reduced risk of both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death, regardless of LVEF category. Beta-blockers were associated with improved mortality in women but not men with LVEF ≤ 40%, while renin–angiotensin system inhibitors were not associated with improved mortality in women with LVEF ≥ 50% but were in men. Conclusion: In addition to sex-specific differences in the age of onset, etiology and response to treatment, women with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 50%) have higher cardiovascular mortality than men. Sex-related management of congestive heart failure should include a consideration of LVEF.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"2 1","pages":"27 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470289718787115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44250081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2