Gender and the Genome最新文献_第2页

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2020-02-25 DOI: 10.1177/2470289720907105

Anne Wishna, A. Hurtig, K. Templeton

引用次数: 0

Roundtable Discussion III: The Development and Uses of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Work in Progress 圆桌讨论III：人工智能在医学中的发展和应用：正在进行的工作

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2020-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/2470289719898701

M. Legato, Francoise Simon, J. Young, Tatsuya Nomura, I. Sánchez-Serrano

{"title":"Roundtable Discussion III: The Development and Uses of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: A Work in Progress","authors":"M. Legato, Francoise Simon, J. Young, Tatsuya Nomura, I. Sánchez-Serrano","doi":"10.1177/2470289719898701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470289719898701","url":null,"abstract":"Humans have devised machines to replace computation by individuals since ancient times: The abacus predated the written Hindu–Arabic numeral system by centuries. We owe a quantum leap in the development of machines to help problem solve to the British mathematician Charles Babbage who built what he called the Difference Engine in the mid-19th century. But the Turing formula created in 1936 is the foundation for the modern computer; it produced printed symbols on paper tape that listed a series of logical instructions. Three decades later, Olivetti manufactured the first mass-marketed desktop computer (1964), and by 1981, IBM had developed the first personal computer. Computing machines have become more and more powerful, culminating recently in Google’s claim that it had achieved quantum supremacy in developing a system that can complete a task in 200 seconds that it would take the most powerful type of classical computer available 10 000 years to achieve. In short, we are in a period of human history in which we are creating more and more powerful and complex machines potentially capable of duplicating human intelligence and indeed surpassing/expanding its power. We are solidly in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). Increasing interest in the development of AI and its application to human health at all levels makes a roundtable discussion by experts a valuable project for publication in our journal, Gender and the Genome, the official journal of the Foundation for Gender-Specific Medicine and the International Society of Gender Medicine.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470289719898701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43155507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Exploring Fetal Sex as a Risk Factor for Sleep Disordered Breathing and Its Complications in Pregnancy. 探讨胎儿性别作为妊娠期睡眠呼吸障碍及其并发症的危险因素。

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/2470289720948076

Margaret H Bublitz, Myriam Salameh, Laura Sanapo, Ghada Bourjeily

{"title":"Exploring Fetal Sex as a Risk Factor for Sleep Disordered Breathing and Its Complications in Pregnancy.","authors":"Margaret H Bublitz, Myriam Salameh, Laura Sanapo, Ghada Bourjeily","doi":"10.1177/2470289720948076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470289720948076","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common, yet under-recognized and undertreated condition in pregnancy. Sleep disordered breathing is associated with pregnancy complications including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm birth, as well as severe maternal morbidity and mortality. The identification of risk factors for SDB in pregnancy may improve screening, diagnosis, and treatment of SDB prior to the onset of pregnancy complications. The goal of this study was to determine whether fetal sex increases risk of SDB in pregnancy. A cohort of singleton (N = 991) pregnant women were recruited within 24 to 48 hours of delivery and answered questions regarding SDB symptoms by questionnaire. Women who reported frequent loud snoring at least 3 times a week were considered to have SDB. Hospital records were reviewed to extract information on fetal sex and pregnancy complications including preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. Women carrying male fetuses were significantly more likely to have SDB (β = .37, P = .01, OR: 1.45 [95% CI: 1.09-1.94]). Fetal sex was associated with increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (defined as preeclampsia and/or pregnancy-induced hypertension) among women with SDB in pregnancy (β = .41, P = .02, OR: 1.51[95%CI:1.08-2.11]).Fetal sex did not increase risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, or gestational diabetes among women with SDB in pregnancy. Women carrying male fetuses were approximately 1.5 times more likely to report SDB in pregnancy compared to women carrying female fetuses, and women with pregnancy-onset SDB carrying male fetuses were 1.5 times more likely to have hypertensive disorders of pregnancy compared to women with SDB carrying female fetuses. Confirmation of fetal sex as a risk factor may, with other risk factors, play a role in identifying women at highest risk of SDB complications in pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470289720948076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25571173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

9th Congress of the International Society of Gender Medicine 国际性别医学学会第九届大会

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.1177/2470289719881516

引用次数: 1

Male Infertility Problem: A Contemporary Review on Present Status and Future Perspective 男性不育问题:现状回顾与展望

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2019-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/2470289719868240

D. Dissanayake, W. Keerthirathna, L. Peiris

{"title":"Male Infertility Problem: A Contemporary Review on Present Status and Future Perspective","authors":"D. Dissanayake, W. Keerthirathna, L. Peiris","doi":"10.1177/2470289719868240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470289719868240","url":null,"abstract":"Semen quality plays a pivotal role in maintaining healthy fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. Male infertility is a rising global problem with an increasing declining in male semen quality among men living in Africa, Europe, North American, and Asia. Though the sperm acquire proactive mechanisms during spermatogenesis and their epididymal maturation, they still remain viable for toxic insult. Declining semen quality is a major contributor to infertility. Studies have postulated that different factors, such as exposure to pesticides, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, obesity, alcoholism, tobacco smoking, sedentary lifestyles, poor nutrient intake, oxidative stress, physiological factors, genetic factors can influence male fertility. Routine semen analysis and assays for sperm chromatin integrity are the most widely utilized and best studied adjunctive diagnostics in male infertility. Over the years, scientists have developed different treatment options for male infertility. Male infertility with known etiology can be treated successfully, but other causes like genetic factors require pragmatic approaches. This article summarizes protective mechanisms of spermatogenesis, causes, diagnosis, and both modern and traditional treatment approaches of male infertility. Further, this article highlights present issues and direction for future exploration of the male infertility problem.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470289719868240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45246519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Summary of the Symposium of Sex and Gender in Physiology and Pharmacology Held at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, October 2018 2018年10月在斯德哥尔摩瑞典皇家科学院举行的生理和生理性别与药理学研讨会综述

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1177/2470289719838097

K. Schenck-Gustafsson, L. Lind

引用次数: 1

Personalized Medicine and the Icarus Project: Ethical and Moral Issues in Sending Humans into Space 个性化医疗和伊卡洛斯计划:将人类送入太空的伦理和道德问题

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2019-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/2470289719838401

M. Legato

{"title":"Personalized Medicine and the Icarus Project: Ethical and Moral Issues in Sending Humans into Space","authors":"M. Legato","doi":"10.1177/2470289719838401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470289719838401","url":null,"abstract":"The irresistible urge of humans to expand their current competence in mastering the environment is nowhere more apparent than the attempt to conquer space and colonize other worlds. The promise of an expanded universe for earth’s life forms is irresistible. It is driven by positive and negative forces: among others, devastating climate change (and irreducible disagreements on the measures needed to reverse it), the threat of nuclear conflicts that will make huge segments of earth uninhabitable, and the possibility of harvesting precious resources on other celestial bodies. The questions that arise involve the selection and preparation of humans for life in other worlds but equally important, a consideration of the practical, moral, and ethical issues that arise in our exploiting novel environments. Our ethical deliberations should not only focus on the consequences of space travel for the astronaut, but just as responsibly on our impact on the geophysical features and life forms we encounter in the new worlds we explore and manipulate. It is worth remarking that the push to explore other worlds (such as the proposal for human colonization of Mars in the next few decades) is regarded by some as yet hopelessly deficient in an adequate understanding of human physiology, and the vulnerability that makes individuals unequal to the harsh challenges of space. Anthropologist Rayna Slobodian mounts a cogent argument for remaining solidly earthbound, at least for the present; she correctly points out that the data on the impact of the unique environments astronauts will encounter although abundant and exponentially expanding, are still inadequate to adequately mitigate the dangers of space travel. She advocates ethical advertising in “selling space” to the public. The way in which the space industry hides (at times without even knowing it) the full extent of the risks for Mars missions with humans involves . . . romanticism, utopian ideals, lack of cognitive awareness, and fear-based selling . . . The rush to settle is dangerous and careless.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470289719838401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47345692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Molecular and Genetic Bases of Mammalian Maternal Behavior 哺乳动物母性行为的分子和遗传基础

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2019-02-05 DOI: 10.1177/2470289719827306

A. Fleming, G. Kraemer

{"title":"Molecular and Genetic Bases of Mammalian Maternal Behavior","authors":"A. Fleming, G. Kraemer","doi":"10.1177/2470289719827306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470289719827306","url":null,"abstract":"New mammalian mothers undergo an increase in their maternal responsiveness with the birth of their infants. Associated with changes in responsiveness are how attracted mothers are to infant cues, mothers’ affective state, and their cognitive and executive function. In comparison to nonmothers, new mothers are more attracted to infant odors and are more easily alerted to their vocalizations; they undergo a reduction in withdrawal behaviors and anxiety, but increased lability. Their maternal sensitivity (human or licking intensity, rat) is associated with higher levels of attention and working memory. Maternal responsiveness and these associated behaviors are associated with large shifts in maternal hormones across parturition. Changes in expression of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters are affected by mothers’ prior experiences, including their very early experiences in their families of origin. The present review describes the regulation of mothering and associated behaviors by the neurotransmitters, oxytocin, dopamine, and serotonin, in a rat model and in humans. Emphasis is then given to studies that focus on the role of genes and what we know about their expression in the functioning of these 3 neurochemical systems in new mothers. Studies of early experience, genetics, and human mothering show gene-by-environment interplays (interactions) for a number of DNA single-nucleotide polymorphism within both the oxytocin and serotonin systems, where associations between mothers’ early experiences and mothering/affect depend on mothers’ genotype. Studies also show associations between different dopamine genes and many aspects of both mothering and maternal affect. Where known, we also discuss evidence that the relation between early experience and mothering is often an indirect one, mediated through an effect of experience on mothers’ affect or executive function. In many cases, mothers’ genetic profile moderates these relations. Finally, preliminary evidence suggests a role of epigenetic mechanisms in these processes.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470289719827306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42054888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2470289719895283

J. Jesuthasan, Z. Witte, S. Oertelt-Prigione

{"title":"Health-Related Needs and Barriers for Forcibly Displaced Women: A Systematic Review","authors":"J. Jesuthasan, Z. Witte, S. Oertelt-Prigione","doi":"10.1177/2470289719895283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470289719895283","url":null,"abstract":"The number of forcibly displaced people has been steadily increasing over the last decades. Women represent a large proportion of this population. Due to gender roles, duties of care, educational and economic imbalances, their experiences during flight and relocation differ from those of men and children. The currently available information about their specific health-related needs and barriers to access is scarce. We sought to explore the specific needs of the female refugee population employing a user-centered perspective. Rather than focusing on provider-designed interventions, we aimed at defining what female refugees want and need and which priorities they define themselves. We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus to identify publications that explored the unique experiences of female refugees between January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2018. Publications needed to address the health needs of refugees, asylum seekers, or displaced individuals, include at least 50% women in their study and employ a user-centered perspective. A framework of themes was identified and applied to all publications. We identified 1945 publications of which 13 could be included in the present review. Twelve of these publications employed qualitative and/or innovative methodology. We identified 5 broad categories of health-related needs (immediate health care, communication, cultural/spiritual, social, and economic). The identified publications described the need for complex, coordinated approaches. Concerted action providing information and culturally sensitive care, while supporting language acquisition and economic empowerment is essential to improve the health status of female refugees. Transformative interventions need to address multiple axes of unequal access for female refugees to improve their overall health.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470289719895283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46701064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

OSSD Abstracts OSSD抽象

Gender and the Genome Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/2470289719847038

引用次数: 0