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Management of Multiple Myeloma in Older Patients 老年多发性骨髓瘤患者的治疗
EMJ Hematology Pub Date : 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.33590/emjhematol/20-00241
Jian Li, Henry Chan
{"title":"Management of Multiple Myeloma in Older Patients","authors":"Jian Li, Henry Chan","doi":"10.33590/emjhematol/20-00241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjhematol/20-00241","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple myeloma is a condition that affects predominantly the older population. There are now various approved chemotherapy regimens as a result of advances in treatment. Choosing the optimal regimen for older patients with myeloma remains a challenge because of frailty and a lack of head-to-head comparisons between backbone regimens. The purpose of this literature review is to summarise the recent literature on frailty assessment, disease biology, and treatment efficacy in the frontline and relapsed settings to aid the decision-making process.","PeriodicalId":326555,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117149024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Glanzmann Thrombasthenia: A Case Report of a Rare Inherited Coagulation Disorder Presenting with Traumatic Head Injury 格兰兹曼血栓减少症:一例罕见的遗传性凝血障碍表现为颅脑外伤
EMJ Hematology Pub Date : 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.33590/emjhematol/21-00008
Vishal Chakati, Durga Prasad Bukka, Srinivas Rao Erigaisi, S. Anchuri
{"title":"Glanzmann Thrombasthenia: A Case Report of a Rare Inherited Coagulation Disorder Presenting with Traumatic Head Injury","authors":"Vishal Chakati, Durga Prasad Bukka, Srinivas Rao Erigaisi, S. Anchuri","doi":"10.33590/emjhematol/21-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjhematol/21-00008","url":null,"abstract":"This case study deals with a 32-year-old Indian male patient who presented with a traumatic head injury in the hospital, experienced uncontrolled bleeding after conducting surgery, and was eventually diagnosed with Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a rare hereditary blood clotting disorder characterised by a lack of platelet aggregation due to the absence of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. This occurrence is generally triggered by consanguineous marriages and is apparent in approximately one in one million people. Education and raising awareness about consanguinity in communities may help to reduce challenging, unusual genetic diseases.","PeriodicalId":326555,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123124143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isatuximab and Belantamab Mafodotin: A Primer to an Evolving Multiple Myeloma Landscape Isatuximab和Belantamab matodotin:一个不断发展的多发性骨髓瘤景观的引物
EMJ Hematology Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.33590/EMJHEMATOL/20-00231
R. Gonzalez, Hanna Bailey, Omar Castaneda Puglianini
{"title":"Isatuximab and Belantamab Mafodotin: A Primer to an Evolving Multiple Myeloma Landscape","authors":"R. Gonzalez, Hanna Bailey, Omar Castaneda Puglianini","doi":"10.33590/EMJHEMATOL/20-00231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/EMJHEMATOL/20-00231","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple myeloma (MM) continues to be an incurable disease impacting mainly an ageing population. Comorbidities, disease characteristics, and drug toxicity profiles heavily influence treatment selections. Despite single agent activity of many anti-MM agents, opportunities to maintain responses most often include combination therapy with immunomodulator and/or proteasome inhibitor therapies. Monoclonal antibodies (moAb) have become an additional backbone to both newly diagnosed and relapsed or refractory transplant eligible and ineligible patients. Tolerability of these agents offers an additional benefit particularly to an ageing population. Two newly approved moAb targeting CD38 and B-cell maturation antigen have been added to the anti-MM arsenal. Isatuximab, a chimeric anti-CD38 moAb, is the second U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved CD38 targeted therapy offering unique mechanisms of action owing to differences in epitope binding and favourable side effect profiles. Belantamab mafodotin, a B-cell maturation antigen drug-antibody conjugate, is a first-in-class humanised moAb containing a distinct microtubule-disrupting agent: monomethyl auristatin-F. Its distinctive anti-MM activity includes antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, as well as direct cytotoxicity caused by internalisation of monomethyl auristatin-F. This review focusses primarily on the mechanisms of action, resistance patterns, and clinical utility of two recently FDA approved agents; isatuximab in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory MM exposed to at least two or more lines of therapy, and belantamab mafodotin monotherapy in relapsed or refractory MM exposed to four or more lines of therapy.","PeriodicalId":326555,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113966604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumothorax, and Pneumoretroperitoneum Post Colonoscopy: A Case report and Review of Literature 结肠镜检查后的气腹、气胸、腹膜气:1例报告及文献回顾
EMJ Hematology Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00131
Melissa Kyriakos Saad, Toufic Saber, G. Cortas, E. Saikaly
{"title":"Pneumoperitoneum, Pneumothorax, and Pneumoretroperitoneum Post Colonoscopy: A Case report and Review of Literature","authors":"Melissa Kyriakos Saad, Toufic Saber, G. Cortas, E. Saikaly","doi":"10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjgastroenterol/20-00131","url":null,"abstract":"Colonic perforation post colonoscopy is rarely seen; however, when coupled with massive pneumoperitoneum in haemodynamically stable patients, a real dilemma for surgeons is created. The decision between watchful waiting versus surgical intervention is the real challenge and while most surgeons will urge for surgical intervention, conservative management on the other hand can be safely applied in selected haemodynamically stable patients.","PeriodicalId":326555,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117044226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation a Good Option for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria? 同种异体干细胞移植是治疗阵发性夜间血红蛋白尿的好选择吗?
EMJ Hematology Pub Date : 2020-11-13 DOI: 10.33590/emjhematol/20-00023
F. Karadag, G. Saydam, F. Şahin
{"title":"Is Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation a Good Option for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria?","authors":"F. Karadag, G. Saydam, F. Şahin","doi":"10.33590/emjhematol/20-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjhematol/20-00023","url":null,"abstract":"Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, nonmalignant, haematopoietic clonal disorder that manifests with haemolytic anaemia, thrombosis, and peripheral blood cytopenias. The diagnosis is based on laboratory findings of intravascular haemolysis and flow cytometry. Clinical findings in PNH include haemolytic anaemia, thrombosis in atypical sites, or nonspecific symptoms attributable to the consequences of haemolysis. Thrombosis is the leading cause of death in PNH. Terminal complement pathway inhibition with eculizumab controls most of the symptoms of haemolysis and the life-threatening complications of PNH. However, there is still no consensus about haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the management of PNH; it is the only potentially curative therapy for PNH. There are limited data and few case series about both the long-term outcomes of HSCT for PNH and the impacts of conditioning regimens on PNH clones. The authors have reviewed the findings of these studies which report on HSCT for the treatment of PNH.","PeriodicalId":326555,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125728281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adult-Onset Still’s Disease Complicated with Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): A Case Report 成人发病的斯蒂尔氏病合并嗜血球性淋巴组织细胞增多症1例报告
EMJ Hematology Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.33590/emjhematol/20-00048
M. Asghar, Abubakar Tauseef, Warda Fatmi, Narmin Khan, Maryam Zafar, U. Rasheed, Nimra Naveed Shaikh, M. Akram, Basmah Fayaz, Z. Iqbal
{"title":"Adult-Onset Still’s Disease Complicated with Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): A Case Report","authors":"M. Asghar, Abubakar Tauseef, Warda Fatmi, Narmin Khan, Maryam Zafar, U. Rasheed, Nimra Naveed Shaikh, M. Akram, Basmah Fayaz, Z. Iqbal","doi":"10.33590/emjhematol/20-00048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjhematol/20-00048","url":null,"abstract":"Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially aggressive and life-threatening syndrome of overactive histiocytes and lymphocytes that commonly affects infants; it is also observed in children and adults of all ages. The disease is differentiated into either primary or secondary causes. Primary HLH tends to be of genetic origin, while secondary HLH results from either infection, autoimmune disorders, or malignancies. Secondary HLH is most commonly associated with viral infections in immunocompromised patients. This paper presents a case of HLH in a tertiary care hospital, associated with adult-onset Still’s disease, diagnosed on both biochemical criteria and histopathologic examination of bone marrow smear.","PeriodicalId":326555,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133588276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pancytopenia Secondary to Adult Osteopetrosis 成人骨质疏松症继发的全血细胞减少症
EMJ Hematology Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.33590/emjhematol/20-00012
Abdullah Y. Alkhowaiter, Anwer S. Alenazi, Ali G. Alghamdi
{"title":"Pancytopenia Secondary to Adult Osteopetrosis","authors":"Abdullah Y. Alkhowaiter, Anwer S. Alenazi, Ali G. Alghamdi","doi":"10.33590/emjhematol/20-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjhematol/20-00012","url":null,"abstract":"Osteopetrosis (OP) is a rare genetically metabolic bone disorder caused by severe impairment of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. It is characterised by extensive sclerosis of the skeleton, fragility fracture, haematopoietic insufficiency, nerve entrapment syndromes, and growth impairment. It is clinically classified into two major types: infantile (autosomal recessive, malignant) and adult (autosomal dominant, benign) OP. The infantile type is usually diagnosed early in life, while adult type is diagnosed in late adolescence or adulthood. Approximately one-half of patients are asymptomatic and the diagnosis is made incidentally. However, some patients might present with one or more complications of OP, and the diagnosis is made during the work-up and evaluation. Here, the authors describe an unusual case of adult type OP presented with pancytopenia.","PeriodicalId":326555,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131426190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expanding the Role of CAR-T Cell Therapy to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 扩大CAR-T细胞治疗系统性红斑狼疮的作用
EMJ Hematology Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.33590/emjhematol/20-00079
Shreya Patel, Kelly J. Brassil, Paiboon Jungsuwadee
{"title":"Expanding the Role of CAR-T Cell Therapy to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","authors":"Shreya Patel, Kelly J. Brassil, Paiboon Jungsuwadee","doi":"10.33590/emjhematol/20-00079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjhematol/20-00079","url":null,"abstract":"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder resulting from autoantibodies produced by B-cell derived plasma cells. Clinical presentation ranges from mild skin rash to multiorgan failure. Regardless of the clinical presentation or severity of the disease, patients with SLE often require life-long treatment. Current treatment recommendations for SLE include hydroxychloroquine, glucocorticoids, immunomodulatory agents, cyclophosphamide, and biologic agents. Despite availability of these agents, the condition of some patients with SLE progressively worsens. With limited treatment options, new and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Given the active role of B cells in the pathophysiology of SLE, they present an attractive target for therapies evolving in the oncology field. Amongst these, immune effector cell therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, have proven beneficial in targeting B cells. The eradication of B cells, along with the potential for T cell persistence, has resulted in prolonged remission or stable disease. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of SLE; current treatment options, including monoclonal antibodies targeting cluster of differentiation-20 (CD20), CD22, and B cell-activating factor (BAFF); and explores why and how immune effector cell therapies may prove a promising therapeutic option for this patient population, particularly for individuals with refractory disease. Clinical implications from currently approved U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agents for haematologic malignancies are discussed and provide insight into considerations for applying this therapy to the patient population with SLE in the context of clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":326555,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132866879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Coagulopathy and Hyperinflammation in COVID-19 COVID-19的凝血功能障碍和高脂血症
EMJ Hematology Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.33590/emjhematol/20f0730
K. Colvin
{"title":"Coagulopathy and Hyperinflammation in COVID-19","authors":"K. Colvin","doi":"10.33590/emjhematol/20f0730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjhematol/20f0730","url":null,"abstract":"August 2020 • HEMATOLOGY 25 COVID-19, a disease resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, generally results in mild-to-moderate illnesses in those affected. However, 15% of symptomatic patients develop severe interstitial pneumonia, with 5% going on to develop profound and life-threatening complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, hyperinflammatory syndromes, and multiorgan failure. Clinical complications of COVID-19 include myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, venous thromboembolism, and cerebrovascular events. These vascular and thromboembolic complications suggest a coagulopathic impairment requiring specialist haematological examination and input. THROMBOSIS","PeriodicalId":326555,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129284276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concerns Regarding the Management of β-Thalassaemia Patients in the Era of COVID-19 COVID-19时代β-地中海贫血患者管理的关注
EMJ Hematology Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.33590/emjhematol/20-00090
C. Aggeli, S. Delicou, D. Patsourakos, A. Xydaki, J. Koskinas, D. Tousoulis
{"title":"Concerns Regarding the Management of β-Thalassaemia Patients in the Era of COVID-19","authors":"C. Aggeli, S. Delicou, D. Patsourakos, A. Xydaki, J. Koskinas, D. Tousoulis","doi":"10.33590/emjhematol/20-00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjhematol/20-00090","url":null,"abstract":"Many cases of pneumonia clustered in the city of Wuhan, China, were reported in December 2019, and source tracing has showed Huanan Seafood Market, Wuhan, China, as the origin. In this work, the authors summarise their concerns for thalassaemia patients, a unique group with several heart, liver, and blood comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":326555,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Hematology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114172043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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