ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH最新文献

{"title":"GASIFICATION OF GASEOUS, LIQUID, AND SOLID WASTES WITH DETONATION-BORN ULTRASUPERHEATED STEAM","authors":"S. Frolov, V. A. Smetanyuk, I. A. Sadykov, A. S. Silantiev, I. O. Shamshin, V. S. Aksenov, K. A. Avdeev, F. Frolov","doi":"10.30826/icpcd13a23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30826/icpcd13a23","url":null,"abstract":"The pulsed detonation gun technology for gasi¦cation of organic waste with ultrasuperheated steam [1, 2] has been demonstrated experimentally for the ¦rst time. The organic waste converter consisted of a pulsed detonation gun and water-cooled spherical §ow reactor (Fig. 1). Experiments on methane conversion as well as on the gasification of liquid (waste machine oil) and solid (sawdust) waste by the high-temperature gaseous detonation products of methane oxygen mixture were performed. The pulsed detonation gun was operated at a relatively low frequency of f = 1 Hz which provided a timeaveraged mean temperature of detonation products in a spherical §ow reactor at a level of 1200 K at a time-averaged absolute pressure in the reactor slightly higher than P = 1 atm. The novel technology was shown to provide complete (100%) conversion of methane into syngas containing H2 and CO with a ratio of H2/CO ≈ 1.25 2. Gasi¦cation of liquid and solid wastes led to the production of syngas containing reactive components H2, CO, and CH4 in the total amounts of 80 and 65 %(vol.) dry basis (d. b.), respectively. The corresponding H2/CO ratios in the product syngas were 0.8 and 0.5. Overall, experiments on methane conversion as well as liquid and solid waste gasi¦cation showed that under the same conditions at f = 1 Hz and P = 1 atm, the composition of syngas in terms of H2 and CO almost did not depend on the type of feedstock (Fig. 2).","PeriodicalId":326374,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116588025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRITICAL CONDITIONS OF DROPLET PUFFING AND MICROEXPLOSION MODES","authors":"D. Antonov, P. Strizhak","doi":"10.30826/icpcd13a12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30826/icpcd13a12","url":null,"abstract":"Microexplosion e¨ects in composite droplets make it possible to improve integral characteristics of secondary atomization processes in the combustion chamber, to increase completeness of fuel combustion, to reduce ignition time delay, and to diminish anthropogenic emissions [1]. The purpose of this work is experimental and theoretical research of critical conditions of pu©ng and microexplosion modes. The experimental research of microexplosion e¨ects in composite droplets was carried out by varying the temperature of the gaseous medium (473 1523 K) and atmospheric pressure [2]. The in§uence of the gaseous medium temperature and solid particles and gas bubbles concentrations on the time delay of droplets fragmentation were investigated. The droplet heating, evaporation, and breakup characteristics were recorded using a Phantom Miro high-speed slow-motion video camera with a frame rate of 2000 fps at 512 × 768-pixel resolution. The experimental video fragments were processed in the Phantom Camera Control software to analyze the initial droplet size before they enter the heating zone and to estimate the distance between them. The systematic errors in the measurement of these parameters did not exceed 0.025 and 0.05 mm, respectively. The problem of modeling pu©ng/microexplosion of composite water/fuel droplets was examined with using model for pu©ng/ microexplosions [3]. The most recent model [3] is based on the analytical solution to the one-dimensional heat transfer equation in a composite droplet assuming that a spherical water subdroplet is placed exactly in the center of a spherical fuel droplet. The analytical solution to this equation with the Robin boundary condition at the droplet surface was obtained, implemented into the numerical code, and used at each time step of the calculations. The e¨ects of thermal swelling and evaporation, using the Abramzon and Sirignano model, are considered. The developed mathematical apparatus can be helpful in developing high-temperature gas vapor drop technologies associated with ignition and combustion of liquid and slurry fuels.","PeriodicalId":326374,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125529353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIMULATION OF INTERACTION OF HETEROGENEOUS DETONATION WITH POROUS INSERT","authors":"S. Lavruk, D. Tropin","doi":"10.30826/icpcd13a17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30826/icpcd13a17","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of the process of a detonation wave (DW) interaction with various obstacles is a fundamental problem. This problem is relevant from the point of view of reducing the destructive e¨ects of heterogeneous explosions in technological disasters and in the studies of the process of de§agration-to-detonation transition and in detonation engines development. In this study, the authors tried to model the heterogeneous detonation of stoichiometric mixture of aluminum particles in oxygen with semi-in¦nite porous insert as a grid of stationary cylinders. The model is based on the system of Euler Euler equations for describing the interaction of continua including the laws of mass, momentum, and energy conservation for each of the phases and components closed by equations of state, momentum exchange (drag forces), and heat transfer between gas, particles, and porous body. Aluminum combustion is described as a reduced reaction initiated after the critical temperature is reached assuming incomplete particle burning. It was assumed that the porous zone is a continuous medium in the form of a grid of stationary cylinders. During the numerical simulation, some §ow regimes were obtained similar to those that were previously obtained in the study of the interaction of detonation waves with inert particles as well as with water sprays. There are regimes with a reduced DW velocity and regime with detonation failure with separation of shock wave and reaction front. Figure compares the results of one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) simulations of the propagation regimes of heterogeneous detonation of 1-micrometer aluminum particles in oxygen in a porous zone with a 200-micrometer cylinders. It can be seen that the results are quite similar to each other.","PeriodicalId":326374,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH","volume":"412 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124400822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUMERICAL MODELING OF NEAR-WALL SUPERSONIC MIXING USING IDDES APPROACH","authors":"R. Solomatin, I. Semenov","doi":"10.30826/icpcd13a02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30826/icpcd13a02","url":null,"abstract":"Current research is devoted to the development of mathematical model and computational algorithms of supersonic mixing based on hybrid IDDES (improved delayed detached eddy simulation) turbulence approach and Spalart Allmaras turbulence model. Di¨usion and heat conduction processes are also taken into account. Time integration is carried out with explicit-implicit method, giving the second-order predictor-corrector scheme in the explicit region. Parallel realization of GMRES-LU-SGS (generalized minimum residual lower-upper symmetric Gauss Seidel) method is developed for solving the system of governing equations [1].","PeriodicalId":326374,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132536347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIMULATION OF INTERACTION OF HOMOGENEOUS HYDROGEN AIR DETONATION WITH POROUS FILTERS","authors":"D. Tropin, K. Vyshegorodcev","doi":"10.30826/icpcd13a16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30826/icpcd13a16","url":null,"abstract":"Explosions of combustible industrial gases and gas suspensions are one of the main causes of technological disasters. An example of the catastrophe is the explosion in the city of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, related with propylene leak in 2014. The explosion occurred during the transportation of propylene from the port to a chemical plant through a pipeline laid in underground utilities. One of the ways to prevent the catastrophic consequences of such incidents is to use inert components, for example, solid inert particles, porous ¦lters, or inert gas plugs to suppress detonation. In the present study, physical and mathematical modeling of the interaction of two-dimensional cellular detonation wave in hydrogen air mixture with inert porous ¦lters is performed. The model is based on the system of Euler equations describing the interaction of gas and ¦lters including the laws of mass, momentum, and energy conservation for each of the phases and components closed by equations of state, momentum exchange (drag forces), and heat transfer between gas and porous ¦lter. Hydrogen combustion is described by a reduced chemical kinetics. It was assumed that the porous ¦lter is a continuous medium in the form of a grid of stationary cylinders.","PeriodicalId":326374,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128471594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PULSED AND CONTINUOUS DETONATIONS: OVERVIEW OF AVAILABLE PATENTS FOR 50 YEARS","authors":"K. A. Avdeev, S. Frolov, V. Zvegintsev","doi":"10.30826/icpcd13a18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30826/icpcd13a18","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed and continuous detonation of motor fuel o¨ers the most ef- ¦cient fuel utilization in combustion process and allows increasing the e©ciency of jet engines by achieving a lower entropy of expanded combustion products compared to the conventional combustion process at constant pressure [1]. In the last two decades, research and development work aimed at creating various types of jet engines with controlled detonation of motor fuel has been actively carried out worldwide. The paper will provide the thorough analysis of patents on the various designs of pulsed detonation (Fig. 1) and continuous-detonation (Fig. 2) engines as well as the various methods for organizing the operation process in such engines. The main research and technical problems of creating practical detonation engines are identi¦ed. These include low detonability of standard motor fuels, thermal protection and cooling, cyclic loads, vibrations, and noise. The most promising approaches to solving some of these problems have been reported and discussed. Thus, for enhancing fuel detonability in terms of shortening de§agtation-to-detonation (DDT) run-up distance and time, the concept of fast DDT [4] can be used. However, despite some progress in this ¦eld of science and technology, most of the problems have not yet been fully resolved.","PeriodicalId":326374,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123603384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"О МЕХАНИЗМЕ АЭРОАКУСТИЧЕСКОЕО ИНИЦИИРОВАНИЯ ПУЛВСИРУЮЩЕЕО КВАЗИДЕТОНАЦИОННОЕО ЕОРЕНИЯ В ЭЖЕКТОРНОМ ПУЛВСИРУЮЩЕМ ВОЗДУШНО-РЕАКТИВНОМ ДВИЕАТЕЛЕ","authors":"К.В. Мигалин, А. К. Сиденко","doi":"10.30826/icpcd13a20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30826/icpcd13a20","url":null,"abstract":"Сегодня известны два метода поддержания пульсирующего горения в пульсирующем воздушно-реактивном двигателе (ПуВРД): (1) акустический, он реализуется в условиях акустического резонанса газохода; (2) релаксационный, базируется на основе использования различного рода механических устройств пульсирующей подачи топлива или воздуха. К настоящему времени известно только о нескольких разработках детонационных двигателей, реализующих второй способ поддержания пульсирующего горения. Одна из них, прошедшая стадию бросковых испытаний, описана в [1]. Эти двигатели реализуют продольную детонацию в газоходе и требуют его большой длины. Авторами найден третий метод поддержания пульсирующего горения в бесклапанном ПуВРД, при котором возможен переход к редкому виду детонационного или квазидетонационного горения — сферической детонации. Такой метод поддержания пульсирующего горения возможен в двигателях, имеющих специфическую внутреннюю аэродинамику течения, формируемую специальной конструкцией газохода. Приведены результаты аэроакустических исследований газоходов малоизвестного типа двигателей — эжекторных двухконтурных ПуВРД (ЭДПуВРД). Показано, что конфигурация газохода с двойным изломом приводит к сложной вихревой структуре внутреннего течения, которая подвержена влиянию акустических колебаний [2]. Подбором частоты акустического резонанса газохода производится настройка на частоту собственных колебаний внутренних вихревых течений, чем достигается появление прецессии вихревого течения. Циклический выброс из нее продуктов сгорания, являясь мощным источником воспламенения, в свою очередь провоцирует переход к детонационному горению. В случае работы в режиме дефлаграционного горения с применением бензина А-76 или керосина РТ двигатели рассматриваемого типоразмера демонстрируют устойчивую работу в диапазоне скоростей до М = 1,5 и выше, развивая тягу 170–220 кГс. Удельная тяга по топливу при этом достигает 1500 с при весе двигателя 22–24 кг. Основные преимуществами ЭДПуВРД — простота конструкции и невысокая стоимость, что на фоне масштабного вырождения турбинных датчиков расхода турбореактивных двигателей в классе двигателей малых тяг расширяет нишу его возможного применения.","PeriodicalId":326374,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114031446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF IGNITION SYSTEM OF DETONATION ENGINES WITH AN INITIATED MICROWAVE SUBCRITICAL STREAMER DISCHARGE","authors":"P. Bulat, I. Esakov, L. Grachev, M. Renev, K. Volkov, I. Volobuev","doi":"10.30826/icpcd13a05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30826/icpcd13a05","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed detonation engines are considered to be the promising e¨ective propulsion systems for future space missions. The ignition system has always posed problems in commercial applications. Many experimental, theoretical, and numerical studies have been performed for the past years and various ignition systems (e. g., electric discharge, microwave discharge, laser radiation) have been tested. The propulsive performance of air-breathing pulsed detonation engines (PDEs) has been theoretically and numerically studied over a wide range of system con¦gurations, operating parameters, and §ight conditions. It has been suggested that discharges which create the quickest expanding high-temperature region or discharges which occupy a large volume are optimal for ignition because they can most rapidly and reliably bring the radius of the ignition kernel to its critical value for transition into a self-propagating §ame. Signi¦cant e¨orts are being spent on acceleration of fuel combustion and rising its e©ciency. Existing studies have mainly focused on optimizing fuel injection and mixing, repetitive initiation of detonation, and integration of detonation tubes with fuel inlets. Understanding of streamer propagation mechanism is of essential importance for the studies of electrical breakdown phenomena and their related applications. In this study, a subcritical microwave streamer discharge is used to initiate ignition of air fuel mixtures. The study focuses on investigation of possibilities of the use of microwave radiation to initiate combustion and detonation of air fuel mixtures. The results of experimental and computational studies related combustion and detonation of air propane mixture are presented. To initiate the combustion and detonation, the deep subcritical streamer discharge is used. The discharge is formed by a ¦eld with the intensity smaller than the minimum pulse intensity leading to the gas breakdown. An acceleration of combustion and a uniform temperature front are obtained and the possibility of combustion of fuel-lean mixture is con¦rmed. An increase in combustion e©ciency is also observed. Streamer discharge ignition of particularly lean air fuel mixture with air-to-fuel ratio greater than the §ammability limit has been demonstrated under normal conditions. The indirect evidence suggests that the ignition by the microwave discharge is of the nonthermal nature. The advantages of igniting the fuel mixture by streamer discharge is attributed to the ultraviolet radiation emitted by oxygen atoms subjected to the discharge. The ultraviolet radiation generation causes formation of the nonequilibrium cold plasma with avalanche increase in the number of free electrons. The microwave streamer ignition can be considered for the application in internal combustion engines to replace the conventional spark ignition.","PeriodicalId":326374,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114978772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AFTERBURNER WITH CONTINUOUS DETONATION OF LIQUID FUEL","authors":"S. Frolov, V. Ivanov, I. O. Shamshin, V. S. Aksenov, M. Vovk, I. V. Mokrynskij, V. A. Bruskov, D. Igonkin, S. N. Moskvitin, A. Illarionov, E. Marchukov","doi":"10.30826/icpcd13a22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30826/icpcd13a22","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a new series of test ¦res of a detonation afterburner as part of turbojet engine are presented. In contrast to previous tests with a sequential arrangement of turbojet and afterburner [1], the new series provides for gasdynamic separation of air§ows: air is supplied to the afterburner separately using an auxiliary power unit simulating the bypass air§ow in a turbofan engine (Fig. 1). The separation of air§ows made it possible to ensure stable operation of the combined power plant in di¨erent modes of operation of the turbojet engine when the afterburner was turned on. In test ¦res, a stable mode of spinning detonation of aviation kerosene with single detonation wave was registered with a characteristic rotation frequency of 2 kHz (Fig. 2) and the detonative combustion of kerosene in the afterburner did not a¨ect the operation of the turbojet engine.","PeriodicalId":326374,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH","volume":"335 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132981130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEFLAGRATION-TO-DETONATION TRANSITION IN STOICHIOMETRIC BINARY HYDROCARBON (METHANE, PROPANE, ETHYLENE) HYDROGENBLENDS IN AIR","authors":"I. O. Shamshin, M. V. Kazachenko, S. Frolov, V. Basevich","doi":"10.30826/icpcd13a01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30826/icpcd13a01","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic experimental studies of de§agration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in binary hydrocarbon (methane, propane, ethylene) hydrogen air mixtures of stoichiometric composition with hydrogen volume fraction xH2 varied from 0 to 1 are conducted at normal pressure and temperature conditions in a pulse-detonation tube of three geometrical con¦gurations: C1, C2, and C3 (Fig. 1). Contrary to expectations based on the well-known high reactivity of hydrogen, the measured dependences of the DDT run-up distance LDDT and time τDDT on xH2 are shown to be highly nonlinear [1 3]. Thus, in methane hydrogen air mixtures, with an increase in xH2 , the DDT run-up distance changes nonmonotonically: in the range 0.25 < xH2 < 0.65, the dependences LDDT(xH2 ) can have local maxima, i. e., the detonability of such fuel air mixtures deteriorates with the addition of hydrogen (Fig. 2a). In propane hydrogen airmixtures, the measured dependences of the DDT run-up distance appear to be nonlinear and nonmonotonic (in some cases): mixture detonability increases sharply only at relatively large hydrogen content (at xH2 > 0.7) (Fig. 2b). Finally, in ethylene hydrogen air mixtures, hydrogen addition to ethylene at 0 ≤ xH2 ≤ 0.7 results in no variation of mixture detonability in terms of DDT run-up distance (Fig. 2c). However, hydrogen addition to ethylene at xH2 > 0.7 results in a drastic increase of mixture detonability. Since various modi¦cations of tube design do not affect the character of the dependences, these e¨ects are attributed to the physicochemical properties of the mixtures. In general, based on the similarity of the experimental results for methane hydrogen air, propane hydrogen air, and ethylene hydrogen air mixtures obtained using the same experimental facilities and conditions, one can conclude that such unexpected dependences are caused by chemical and physical properties of hydrogen, namely, its temperature and pressure dependent reactivity in terms of the laminar §ame velocity, selfignition delay, etc., as well as its low molecular mass.","PeriodicalId":326374,"journal":{"name":"ADVANCES IN DETONATION RESEARCH","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121048008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}