Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series最新文献_第10页

Kauffman Index of Startup Activity: National Trends 2016 考夫曼创业活动指数:2016年全国趋势

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2828359

R. Fairlie, E. Reedy, Arnobio Morelix, Joshua Russell-Fritch

引用次数: 15

How Do Venture Capitalists Make Decisions? 风险投资家如何做决策?

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2801385

Paul A. Gompers, W. Gornall, S. Kaplan, Ilya A. Strebulaev

引用次数: 381

Horse and Cart: The Role of Order in New Ventures 马与车:秩序在新企业中的作用

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-07-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2919676

Nachiket Bhawe, Hans Rawhouser, J. Pollack

引用次数: 2

The Effect of Population Aging on Economic Growth, the Labor Force and Productivity 人口老龄化对经济增长、劳动力和生产率的影响

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.3386/w22452

Nicole Maestas, Kathleen J. Mullen, David Powell

引用次数: 148

Spatial Development and Agglomeration Economies in Services -- Lessons from India 服务业的空间发展和集聚经济——印度的经验教训

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7741

Syed Ejaz Ghani, A. G. Goswami, W. Kerr

{"title":"Spatial Development and Agglomeration Economies in Services -- Lessons from India","authors":"Syed Ejaz Ghani, A. G. Goswami, W. Kerr","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-7741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7741","url":null,"abstract":"Although many studies consider the spatial pattern of manufacturing plants in developing countries, the role of services as a driver of urbanization and structural transformation is still not well understood. Using establishment level data from India, this paper helps narrow this gap by comparing and contrasting the spatial development of services with that in manufacturing. The study during the 2001-2010 period suggests that (i) services are more urbanized than manufacturing and are moving toward the urban and, by contrast, the organized manufacturing sector is moving away from urban cores to the rural periphery; (ii) manufacturing and services activities are highly correlated in spatial terms and exhibit a high degree of concentration in just a few states and industries; (iii) manufacturing in urban districts has a stronger tendency to locate closer to larger cities relative to services activity; (iv) infrastructure has a significant effect on manufacturing output, while human capital matters more for services activity; and lastly, (v) technology penetration, measured by the penetration of the Internet, is more strongly associated with services than manufacturing. Similar results hold when growth in activity is measured over the study period rather than levels. Manufacturing and services do not appear to crowd each other out of local areas.","PeriodicalId":325993,"journal":{"name":"Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122400066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Adoption with Social Learning and Network Externalities 采用与社会学习和网络外部性

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.3386/W22282

M. Fafchamps, Måns Soderbom, Monique vanden Boogaart

引用次数: 10

What Motivates Effort? Evidence and Expert Forecasts 努力的动力是什么?证据和专家预测

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/RESTUD/RDX033

Stefano DellaVigna, Devin G. Pope

{"title":"What Motivates Effort? Evidence and Expert Forecasts","authors":"Stefano DellaVigna, Devin G. Pope","doi":"10.1093/RESTUD/RDX033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/RESTUD/RDX033","url":null,"abstract":"How much do different monetary and non-monetary motivators induce costly effort? Does the effectiveness line up with the expectations of researchers? We present the results of a large-scale real-effort experiment with 18 treatment arms. We compare the effect of three motivators: (i) standard incentives; (ii) behavioral factors like present-bias, reference dependence, and social preferences; and (iii) non-monetary inducements from psychology. In addition, we elicit forecasts by behavioral experts regarding the effectiveness of the treatments, allowing us to compare results to expectations. We find that (i) monetary incentives work largely as expected, including a very low piece rate treatment which does not crowd out incentives; (ii) the evidence is partly consistent with standard behavioral models, including warm glow, though we do not find evidence of probability weighting; (iii) the psychological motivators are effective, but less so than incentives. We then compare the results to forecasts by 208 experts. On average, the experts anticipate several key features, like the effectiveness of psychological motivators. A sizeable share of experts, however, expects crowd-out, probability weighting, and pure altruism, counterfactually. This heterogeneity does not reflect field of training, as behavioral economists, standard economists, and psychologists make similar forecasts. Using a simple model, we back out key parameters for social preferences, time preferences, and reference dependence, comparing expert beliefs and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":325993,"journal":{"name":"Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120993863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 303

Revenue and Incentive Effects of Basis Step-Up at Death: Lessons from the 2010 "Voluntary" Estate Tax Regime 死亡时基差上升的税收和激励效应:2010年“自愿”遗产税制度的经验教训

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/AER.P20161037

Robert N. Gordon, David Joulfaian, J. Poterba

引用次数: 3

Crowdsourcing City Government: Using Tournaments to Improve Inspection Accuracy 众包市政府:利用比赛提高检查准确性

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1257/AER.P20161027

E. Glaeser, Andrew N. Hillis, S. Kominers, Michael Luca

{"title":"Crowdsourcing City Government: Using Tournaments to Improve Inspection Accuracy","authors":"E. Glaeser, Andrew N. Hillis, S. Kominers, Michael Luca","doi":"10.1257/AER.P20161027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/AER.P20161027","url":null,"abstract":"Can open tournaments improve the quality of city services? The proliferation of big data makes it possible to use predictive analytics to better target services like hygiene inspections, but city governments rarely have the in-house talent needed for developing prediction algorithms. Cities could hire consultants, but a cheaper alternative is to crowdsource competence by making data public and offering a reward for the best algorithm. This paper provides a simple model suggesting that open tournaments dominate consulting contracts when cities have a reasonable tolerance for risk and when there is enough labor with low opportunity costs of time. We also illustrate how tournaments can be successful, by reporting on a Boston-based restaurant hygiene prediction tournament that we helped coordinate. The Boston tournament yielded algorithms—at low cost—that proved reasonably accurate when tested “out-of-sample” on hygiene inspections occurring after the algorithms were submitted. We draw upon our experience in working with Boston to provide practical suggestions for governments and other organizations seeking to run prediction tournaments in the future.","PeriodicalId":325993,"journal":{"name":"Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124248722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 91

The Causes of Peer Effects in Production: Evidence from a Series of Field Experiments 生产中同伴效应的原因:来自一系列田间试验的证据

Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2016-02-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1652993

J. Horton, R. Zeckhauser

引用次数: 2