Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Projected water demand by 2050 in South Gobi region of Mongolia","authors":"Ayurzana Badarch, Elbegjargal Ariya, Ariun-Erdene Dashjamts, Batzorig Gansukh","doi":"10.5564/pmas.v61i03.1820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i03.1820","url":null,"abstract":"The South Gobi region (including Umnugovi, Dundgovi and Dornogovi aimags - provinces) of Mongolia is becoming a leading region of the nation’s economic and social development. Water resources play an important role in ensuring sustainable economic development of the South Gobi region. In the South Gobi region, lack of proven groundwater resources, data on water extraction and consumption makes it difficult to accurately identify risks and to manage limited resources for sustainable development. Based on the available historical data between 2015 and 2019 on water resources and water use, the water demand in this region has been projected up to the year 2050 on the basis of dynamic modelling of water management, including major stakeholders, country’s sustainable economic development vision up to the year 2050, and the impact of climate change. The model predicts continued increasing demand for mining, agricultural, industrial and social services and rural water demands, while gradual decline for the livestock water demand was projected after the gradual increase in the first half of the period. Basing on the system dynamic modelling of water management, it can be said that the groundwater resources of the South Gobi region may not be able to meet the above needs after 2037. Economically feasible measures and managements to prevent the risk of water scarcity before water shortage happens are proposed based on the results of the model.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44023763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science policy at the crossroads of global change research: Mongolia","authors":"Enkhamgalan Damiran, Tsevelmaa Khyargas, Nymadawa Pagbajabyn, S. Batsukh","doi":"10.5564/pmas.v61i03.1818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i03.1818","url":null,"abstract":"In the last more than half a century, the science policies of countries have been interchanging in a cyclical manner between science, technology and innovation policies. In the early period of the evolution of the science policy, priority attention was given to policy matters, and the process of new knowledge generation proceeded at a rapid pace. Highly industrialised countries directly linked science policy with the growth and development of industry, and innovation gradually became the key catalyst of industrial development. But in the developing countries, science policy had a mixed impact on the process of industrialisation, where decision making by the Government had had a powerful impact on their science policy. Science is involved in the introduction and domestication of new knowledge in the education sector, experimentation and application of technology in local development, and guiding the government on its decisions that are economically efficient, environmentally safe, and promotes equality in the society. In this sense, if we regard scientific research as the key resource of “research industry,” then countries need to define a science strategy and policy that would meet this supply and demand, identify and apply the competitive edge of science. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the science policy of Mongolia in the last 50 years in the context of global change based on facts, and to compare it with the historical experience of science policy development in industrialised countries.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44986158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of the seedling production technology of Picea obovata L. in the forest-steppe ecotone of northern Mongolia","authors":"Jagdag Damdinjamts, B. Ganbaatar, Baatarbileg Nachin, Naranbayar Erdenechuluun, Ganbat Dashzeveg, Bayartulga Altanhuyag, Gerelbaatar Sukhbaatar","doi":"10.5564/pmas.v61i03.1821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i03.1821","url":null,"abstract":"The success of reforestation largely depends on the quality of the seedling. This study focuses on comparative assessments of the experimental planting of Picea obovata seedlings under various growing conditions, including in a greenhouse and open field. The objectives were to carry out a comparative study of the effect of different care regimes on the growth of seedling, and to choose the most optimal treatment that accelerates the growth of seedlings on the basis of the results taken from the comparative analysis. The study was carried out in the Experimental Forest Nursery of the Institute of Geography and Geoecology, MAS in the period between 2018 and 2020. The experimental planting design included four treatments with varying irrigation norms, air temperatures, air relative humidity, shading rates. Two of these experiments were put in greenhouses, and the remaining two treatments were in the open field. Repeated measurements and sampling were performed at the end of each growing season. The results showed high variation in seedling height (p < 0.0001; F = 38.6) and diameter (p < 0.0001; F = 43.2) growth and biomass accumulation (p < 0.0001). These variables therefore, positively corresponded to the air temperature, air relative humidity and moisture sufficiency in the soils. We found that the seedlings had faster growth in height (52.4%) and diameter (62.3%), and there was more biomass accumulation (128.1%) under greenhouse conditions than outdoors. With regard to the biomass allocation, a three-year observation showed a greater proportion of stem biomass in the total biomass, and, conversely, the predominant proportion of needle biomass accounted for open field treatments. However, the creation of stable condition in the greenhouse with a high relative humidity (more than 75%; daily watering norm of 20 liters per day) and an internal temperature of 25°C (40% shading) had the most positive effect on the growth and accumulation of biomass of seedlings. Consequently, we conclude that to meet the existing needs for seedlings for the restoration of natural Picea obovata forests, seedling production in greenhouses should be recommended.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45967010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency situation analysis: On the example of underground mining radio communication system","authors":"B. Bazargur, O. Bataa, U. Budjav","doi":"10.5564/pmas.v61i03.1824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i03.1824","url":null,"abstract":"Underground mine is the most dangerous environment for miners to work in, and the miners need to be evacuated immediately in case of an accident. This article aims to develop route options for safe emergency evacuation of miners from areas where there are no radio communication in underground mine to an area where radio communication is available in the underground mine on the example of an underground mine radio communication system. We have used the Dijkstra's algorithm in the study to determine the optimization of the short-term evacuation of miners in case of an accident in an underground mine. We have also developed the optimization of evacuation route to a place where there is radio communication failure owing to an accident to a place where normal radio communication is available. Using MATLAB it was possible to analyze the shortest route for evacuation from an area without communication to an area with normal communication, and for this purpose it gave us the possibility to analyze using any number of exits. The novelty of the study was using the shortest route option on the example of radio communication failure in an underground mine.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43428014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The humid and thermal impact on distribution of Sea buckthorn fly (Rhagolethis batava Hering, 1958) in Mongolia","authors":"Munkhtsetseg Baasan, Turbat Tumurbaatar, Dorjderem Balchin","doi":"10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1759","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 80 species in 1834 types of Tephritidae Newman (fruit flies) were recorded in the Mongolian-Russian comprehensive and joint expedition report, which was organized in 1967-1995. In the course of an itinerary survey conducted in 2019, we have recorded the dispersion of Rhagoletis batava at 223 natural (wild) and planted sea buckthorn points in 22 soums of Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, Zavkhan, Khovd, Selenge and Govi-Altai aimags (provinces). \u0000Accordingly, we summarized the spread of sea buckthorn fruit fly relating mostly to territories that have dry and cooler climates, while some areas are humid and cold. Based on the dispersion points, we determined the current and future changes in the distribution of this species of flies, using the MaxEnt Modeling of geographical distribution. Thermal and humidity rates that affect the flies were estimated using data collected from 18 meteorological stations and sentinel posts. These points are located in different natural zones with an average annual air temperature fluctuating from -4.8 to 3.2°С. For example, in Tes soum of Uvs aimag, Bayantes soum of Zavkhan aimag and in Tes along the Tes river basin the average annual temperature is from -3.7 to - 4.8°С; in Baitag Kharuul of Bulgan soum of Khovd aimag, along the Bulgan river basin, the warmest temperature is 3.2°С, and in other soums it is -2.4 ... 1.8°С.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43001647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of acoustic wave generated by Baganuur mining explosion","authors":"Tungalag Lkhagva, B. Chimedtseren, Narmandakh Adiyasuren","doi":"10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1755","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed all available recorded infrasound data and determined the station detection capability in Mongolia. While in the winter times, we continuously detect acoustic signals from blasts at the Baganuur open-pit mine (150 km from infrasound I34MN station), which we rarely registered during the summer times. A previous study has shown that the noise level increased by 5 dB - 10 dB in the summer, which affected the detection capability of the stations.\u0000On the other hand, this could be connected to infrasound propagation model difference between winter and summer times. To verify this phenomenon, we installed a new infrasound IBHM station in a forest area at a distance of 350 km from the Baganuur mine area. When we compared the background noise level of the two stations, the noise level at the temporary station was lower than the permanent one, which allowed us to compare winter and summer time registered infra wave characteristics. With the comparison observed and modeled, apparent velocity suggested that winter and summer time detection difference could be due to the propagation model of infrasound wave itself.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44925960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Career-decision making of university students: cross-cultural comparisons between Mongolia and Japan","authors":"Dulguun Damdin, Toshiyuki Yamashita, M. Ishihara","doi":"10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1761","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine and compare Mongolians (118 men and 252 women) and Japanese (158 men and 201 women) university students’ awareness related to their occupation and their motivations for entering university. The survey focused on the vocational motives, university performance/experiences, and motivations for entering university. The analyses showed that although Mongolian and Japanese students have similar occupational views, there are some cultural differences that can be mainly identified with the recent historic developments and social changes both the nations experienced (e.g socialistic era in Mongolia).","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44464590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization by parameters in the iterative methods for solving non-linear equations","authors":"T. Zhanlav, Kh. Otgondorj","doi":"10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1756","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we used the necessary optimality condition for parameters in a two-point iterations for solving nonlinear equations. Optimal values of these parameters fully coincide with those obtained in [6] and allow us to increase the convergence order of these iterative methods. Numerical experiments and the comparison of existing robust methods are included to confirm the theoretical results and high computational efficiency. In particular, we considered a variety of real life problems from different disciplines, e.g., Kepler’s equation of motion, Planck’s radiation law problem, in order to check the applicability and effectiveness of our proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46134483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological classification and origin of lake depressions in Mongolia","authors":"Altanbold Enkhbold, U. Khukhuudei, Dash Doljin","doi":"10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1758","url":null,"abstract":"An improved classification of the origin of lake depressions due to geological, geomorphological factors and climate change is a requirement of the day in Mongolia. We present a new holistic classification using comparative analysis method. This study suggests a two-tier classification in terms of origin and morphological feature of the lakes, which replaces the previous one-tier classification. Mongolia has identified 11 main and 26 subtypes of origin, and 8 main types of morphology, based on the features of 32 lake depressions. The result of the study shows that the lakes of Mongolia developed in 3 stages, first, affected by tectonic movement, followed by glacial and finally, owing to other exogenic factors. This morphological classification study will create the basic conditions for preserving and using these lakes more efficiently and ecologically in the future by making the classification of the origin of lake depression.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some statistics of Ionospheric total electron content variations at mid-latitude zones of Mongolia","authors":"Baatarkhuu Dagva, Amarjargal Sharav, Lkhagvajav Chultemiin","doi":"10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v61i02.1737","url":null,"abstract":"This work is focused on the correlation of ionosphere total electron content (TEC) with solar and geomagnetic activities of the space weather at mid-latitude zone.  In our analysis, we investigate the TEC time series obtained from dual-frequency GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) observations at three continuous GPS/GNSS stations HOVD (48.00N, 91.66E), CHOB (48.08N, 114.53E) and DALN (43.56N, 104.42) for 2013. The statistical analyses are performed on 15 minute averaged yearly TEC values, which reveal the semi-annual anomaly and high correlation with the activities of the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Phase overlapping seasonal variations of TEC and Sunspot, and Solar flux (10.7) indices, and Earth rotations (LOD) and Atmospheric angular moment (AAM) are observed in our data analyses. Sudden ionospheric storm changes in TEC with geomagnetic storm induced by the extreme solar flare and 2013 events were investigated. The result shows that GPS derived TEC behaves as an indicator of these events showing sudden increase in TEC during the event.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43252765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}