Michigan Family Review最新文献

{"title":"Learning Disabilities, Juvenile Delinquency and the Family: The Role of 'Intensive Parenting'","authors":"Michelle Pryor-Kowalski","doi":"10.3998/mfr.4919087.0017.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/mfr.4919087.0017.103","url":null,"abstract":"Many scholars have examined the possible link and prevalence between learning disabilities and juvenile delinquency (Brier, 1989; Broder, Dunivant, Smith, & Sutton, 1981; Malmgren, Abbott, & Hawkins 1999; McNamara & Willoby, 2010; Morris & Morris, 2006; Oshima, Huang, Jonson-Reid, Drake, 2010; Quinn, Rutherford, Leone, Osher, Poirier, 2005), but questions regarding the nature of this relationship still remain. This research tradition however, has generated several main hypotheses to account for the higher incidence of delinquency among individuals with learning disabilities. Most discussion of causal linkages emphasizes school failure, differential treatment, or the susceptibility hypothesis (Dunivant, 1982; Larson, 1988; Smith, 1998).While these hypotheses focus on a variety of factors and causal linkages, one domain of influence that has been neglected is that of the family. Parents may be frustrated by their child's disability and all that it entails, or they may be frustrated by the child's inability to do well in school. The family may facilitate getting him/her the help to achieve various developmental tasks, as well as act as advocate for their child both academically and socially. These and other parental tasks and reactions can influence the socialization practices in the family. Despite the likely influence of the family, little research has explored the family impact and the role parenting processes play in the learning disability-juvenile delinquency connection.In 1976, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention began an investigation of the possibility of a learning disability-juvenile-delinquency link. This marked the beginning of an increased period of research on the topic, as well as proposed explanations for the possible link. Although it would appear that a link exists, it is unclear whether the link is causal or, alternatively, spurious, if juvenile delinquency and learning disabilities both have common factors. Malmgren, Abbott and Hawkins (1999) suggest that it may be too early to postulate an explanatory theory that there is a direct link, and suggest, instead, a continuation of exploratory research on the link itself.According to federal government figures, public schools in America have identified over 6 million children, ages 3 to 21 years of age, being served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, in 2009-2010 (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2012). Of these individuals it has been found that young individuals with learning disabilities are more likely than individuals without disabilities to engage in delinquent behavior (Brier, 1989; Larson, 1988; McNamara & Willoughby, 2010; Oshima & Jonson-Reid, 2010; Pickar & Tori 1986). Individuals with disabilities are also disproportionately represented in juvenile detention facilities and correctional facilities (Morris & Morris, 2006; Shandra & Hogan, 2012).Theories detailing the causes of juvenile delinquency are widespread a","PeriodicalId":32430,"journal":{"name":"Michigan Family Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72734087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vietnam in the Later Family: Self-reported Symptoms and Interpretations of Posttraumatic Stress","authors":"Terri Kovach","doi":"10.3998/MFR.4919087.0017.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/MFR.4919087.0017.104","url":null,"abstract":"\"I just didn't fit in.\" This comment is typical of Vietnam War combat veterans who returned home \"to sit in my mother's kitchen,\" often within days of firing at enemy soldiers (Kovach, 2006). This research reports on the phenomenological analysis of qualitative interviews with 10 Vietnam War infantry combat veterans who live in Ohio and Michigan. These are no longer the just-home soldiers, young husbands and fathers of early Vietnam veteran research. Rather, they are aging husbands, divorced men, and grandfathers who are nearing the ends of their careers or have already retired. For the purposes of this article, the later family is conceptualized as advanced in time/age and in structural complexity. Research has demonstrated that most veterans reentered civilian life successfully, even in the face of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (Kulka et al., 1990a, 1990b). Nonetheless, these symptoms remain; they may fade over time, but they do not disappear. This research asks: How do Vietnam veterans understand their combat experiences and the sometimes-disabling PTSD symptoms that they attribute to Vietnam? This research also describes the efforts of veterans to interpret symptoms and their influence on everyday life in the later family.PTSD has been the primary frame for research on Vietnam veterans, providing a complex understanding of the personal mental health and social consequences of combat. The diagnosis was first outlined by the American Psychiatric Association in the 1980 edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), revised in 1987, 1994, 2000, and most recently with the 2013 edition of the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2012, 2013) in response to research and clinical practice. Community studies reveal an 8% lifetime prevalence rate for PTSD in the U.S. adult population. With a range of severity, this disorder is marked by specific criteria:1. exposure to a traumatic event (in this case, combat violence during the Vietnam War) and resultant feelings of intense fear, helplessness, or horror (this last descriptor was removed in the 2013 edition);2. re-experiencing by intrusive thoughts, memories, nightmares, feelings or actions of reliving the event (\"flashbacks\"), or intense emotional reaction to reminders;3. avoidance behaviors related to reminders or cues, and numbing of affect or detachment;4. negative changes in cognition and mood (some of these elements were included in #3 above in the 2000 edition);5. increased arousal that may include sleep disruption, anger, hypervigilance, difficulty of concentration, or exaggerated startling;6. duration of symptoms 2, 3, 4, and 5 of more than one month; and7. significant distress or impairment of social, occupational, or other important functions (APA, 2000, 2013).The diagnostic criteria are specific about number of symptoms, in what combination, and duration. PTSD interferes with intimate family relationships and social functioning in the wider world of work and th","PeriodicalId":32430,"journal":{"name":"Michigan Family Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87203423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction: Special Issue on Families and Disabilities","authors":"J. Haskin, Heather Dillaway","doi":"10.3998/MFR.4919087.0017.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/MFR.4919087.0017.101","url":null,"abstract":"Articles featured in Volume 17 of Michigan Family Review focus on issues faced by families when a member, or members, have disabilities. Family researchers of disability have often focused on how physical (visible) disability affects family life and family wellbeing. In this special issue, we offer a selection of articles that highlight cognitive (often invisible) disabilities and mental health, such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Dementia due to aging, learning disabilities, and child abuse.Shildrick (2002) and other disability scholars suggest that we should think of a \"disability\" as an \"impairment.\" That is, broadly defined, a disability is typically something that impedes one's ability to navigate their social world and relationships, or participate fully in society. This impairment or impediment could be physical, cognitive, or emotional. Typically we think of disability as related to the physical body first and foremost but disability scholars remind us that cognitive and/or mental disabilities affect individuals as much as any physical impairment can. Social scientists and disability advocates further refer to disabilities as socially constructed. This is not to say that disabilities do not have a biological, physiological, neurological, or physical reality but, rather, that \"neither impairment nor disability can be defined in purely biomedical terms, because social arrangements and expectations make essential contributions to impairment and disability\" (Wendell 1996: 57). In other words, when it comes to disabilities, the biological and the social work together in the creation and understanding of disability, as well as who should be responsible for the care of the disabled or impaired. This is how disability or impairment becomes a \"family\" issue.Societies like the United States tend to relegate members of society who are defined as having a disability (or disabilities) to the private realm - that is, the realm of the family. Disability, by default, then becomes a personal and family \"problem.\" When disabilities cause individuals to be unable to fulfill their basic needs, our first instinct is to expect family members to provide special care. When there are barriers to disabled individuals' health care, paid work, or mobility, it is also often family members who are expected to pick up the slack. When disabled individuals experience barriers or constraints to their participation in society in any form, or any difficulty at all in living their daily lives, they may also take out their frustrations on or share these feelings with family members. Thus, families deal with the consequences of the barriers and constraints that disabled individuals may face. When disabled individuals experience physical or emotional symptoms of their impairments, it is often family members who must negotiate these symptoms. When impaired individuals need or want an advocate, it also often family members who step to their aid. Familial units are call","PeriodicalId":32430,"journal":{"name":"Michigan Family Review","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86693144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult Children and Eldercare: The Moral Considerations of Filial Obligations","authors":"H. Theixos","doi":"10.3998/MFR.4919087.0017.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/MFR.4919087.0017.105","url":null,"abstract":"This essay investigates the demands on adult children to provide care for their elderly/ill parents from a socio-moral perspective. In order to narrow the examination, the question pursued here is agent-relative: What social and moral complexities are involved for the adult child when their parent(s) need care? First, this article examines our society’s expectation that adult children are morally obligated to provide care for their parents. Second, the essay articulates how transgressing against this normative expectation can inure significant moral criticism. The final sections present these tensions within the context of disability.","PeriodicalId":32430,"journal":{"name":"Michigan Family Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90169521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Resource Needs of Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers","authors":"Rosanne DiZazzo-Miller, F. Pociask, P. Samuel","doi":"10.3998/MFR.4919087.0017.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/MFR.4919087.0017.102","url":null,"abstract":"In the year 2012, an estimated 15.4 million family members and friends provided 17.5 billion hours of unpaid care - valued at 216 billion dollars - to those with Alzheimer's and other dementias (Alzheimer's Association, 2013a). These statistics are profound when put in perspective of the untrained and unpaid services that these families and friends provide to their loved ones. Alzheimer's disease, which accounts for 60-80% of all dementias, is projected to affect 16 million people by 2050, and is the fifth leading cause of death for those above 65 years of age (Alzheimer's Association, 2012). The term dementia is an umbrella term that is used to describe a disease or condition that affects the brain's ability to function properly (Alzheimer's Association, 2012).Dementia is not a specific disease, but a descriptive term for a collection of symptoms that can be caused by a number of disorders that affect the brain. People with dementia have significantly impaired intellectual functioning that interferes with normal activities and relationships. They also lose their ability to solve problems and maintain emotional control, and they may experience personality changes and behavioral problems, such as agitation, delusions, and hallucinations. While memory loss is a common symptom of dementia, memory loss by itself does not mean that a person has dementia. Doctors diagnose dementia only if two or more brain functions, such as memory and language skills, are significantly impaired without loss of consciousness (National Institute of Health, 2012, p.1).According to the World Health Organization (2013), dementia is one of the most significant causes of disability among seniors globally. In addition to the functional limitations experienced by those diagnosed with this progressive disorder, their family caregivers also experience a profound negative impact on their physical, emotional and economic well-being (WHO, 2013).Due to cognitive changes it is often unsafe for persons with dementia to live alone and they are often cared for by a family member and/or a friend. Although drugs are available for the management of some dementia related symptoms, there is no drug that can arrest the progression of the disease. Members of the immediate family, such as spouses and/or adult children, often take on the responsibility of caring for a person with dementia (Alzheimer's Association, 2013a). Research suggests that caregivers often feel unprepared after a family member receives a diagnosis of dementia (Chenoweth & Spencer, 1986; Gibson & Anderson, 2011; Takai, et al., 2011). Additionally, family caregivers often struggle to understand the cognitive decline and associated behavioral changes of their loved one, often ascribe a negative meaning to their relative's behavior, and blame the person rather than the disease (Vernooij-Dassen, Draskovic, McCleery, & Downs, 2011).Having formal support services in place to educate family caregivers could improve their understand","PeriodicalId":32430,"journal":{"name":"Michigan Family Review","volume":"76 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91347896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Culture of Poverty and Adoption: Adoptive Parent Views of Birth Families","authors":"Kathryn A. Sweeney","doi":"10.3998/MFR.4919087.0016.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/MFR.4919087.0016.102","url":null,"abstract":"This study used data from 15 in-depth interviews to better understand how perceptions of birth families by White adoptive parents rely on and challenge cultural perspectives of poverty. Findings show the complexity of their views: even when adoptive parents recognize structural causes of poverty, they tend to rely on the idea that birth parent poverty results from inadequate choices made by individuals. Findings have implications for agency practice, relationships with birth families and adoptee identity.","PeriodicalId":32430,"journal":{"name":"Michigan Family Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77605381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Factors Predicting Women’s Consideration of Adoption","authors":"Jody L. Van Laningham, L. Scheuble, D. Johnson","doi":"10.3998/MFR.4919087.0016.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/MFR.4919087.0016.101","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is a great deal of discourse about adoption in the popular press (Margolis, Elkin, Nemtsova, Polier, & Lee, 2008; Katz, 2008), few empirical research studies have examined the specific predictors of adopting. It is important to note that existing research indicates a significant disconnect between people's favorable attitudes toward adoption and actually adopting a child. Studies indicate that about 90% of people have a very or somewhat favorable attitude toward adoption (Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute, 1997; Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute, 2002). Additionally, over 80% of respondents also expressed agreement that parenting adoptive children can be as satisfying or more satisfying than parenting biological children (Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute, 2002), and anywhere from 25 to 40% of people say they have considered adoption themselves (Chandra, Abma, Maza, & Bachrach, 1999). However, this is in contrast to recent data showing that, among American women aged 18-44, only 1.1% had ever adopted a child and only 1.6% were currently seeking to adopt (Jones, 2008). Further, only about 2.5% of children under the age of 18 in the United States are adopted (Kreider, 2003). Consequently, while adoption is viewed as favorable by nearly all Americans, adopting a child continues to be a rather rare occurrence, experienced by relatively few individuals.A better understanding of the influences on adoption-seeking attitudes and behaviors is especially important considering the large number of children in need of adoptive families and the importance of permanent familial relationships on healthy child development. In the United States, children may be adopted through the foster care system, privately from within the United States or internationally, or through kinship adoptions, making the actual number of children in need of adoption difficult to quantify. Nonetheless, merely taking into account the number of children in foster care who are waiting to be adopted provides ample evidence for the significant continued need for adoptive placements for children. According to recent data, an estimated 408,425 children are in foster care in the United States, and more than 107,000 of them are waiting to be adopted ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011).In light of the apparent disconnect between attitudes and behavior regarding adoption, and in response to the number of children waiting to be adopted in the United States and elsewhere, it is important to understand the factors that affect potential adoptive parents' consideration of adoption as well as those that influence them to move from merely considering adoption to actively pursuing the adoption of a child. A more thorough understanding of these processes is necessary to reduce barriers to adoption, and to increase the availability of adoptive families for children.In this study, we examine factors that predict consideration of adoption by comparing three groups of ","PeriodicalId":32430,"journal":{"name":"Michigan Family Review","volume":"58 9 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88286493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adopted Chinese Girls’ Character Strengths from Preschool to School Age: A Longitudinal Exploratory Study","authors":"T. Loke, T. Tan, L. M. Mendez, R. Dedrick","doi":"10.3998/MFR.4919087.0016.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/MFR.4919087.0016.103","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to understand human strength and resilience and promote positive individual traits across the lifespan, Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi (2000) called for the study of strengths and virtues. Brainstorming among leading positive psychologists, analyzing themes from a multitude of sources on positive character and virtues, and empirical investigations were subsequently carried out to create a framework known as the Values in Action (VIA) Classification of Character Strengths and Virtues. This served as a new common vocabulary for discussing good character (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). According to Peterson and Seligman (2004), the VIA includes 24 character strengths categorized under six more broadly defined virtues, which were considered core characteristics that have been valued by moral philosophers and religious thinkers.The character strengths are positive individual traits, psychological processes or mechanisms that are the \"distinguishable routes to displaying one or another of the virtues\" (Peterson & Seligman, 2004; p. 13). Character strengths and virtues as proposed by the VIA serve to scientifically identify aspects of one's good \"character\". Individuals will have different combinations of specific character strengths and virtues that make up the overall profile of their character. A number of studies have since established that these 24 universal character strengths manifest themselves across different cultures (e.g., Biswas-Diener, 2006; Dahlsgaard, Peterson, & Seligman, 2005; Park, Peterson, & Seligman, 2006). However, most research involved adult samples (e.g., Park, Peterson, & Seligman, 2004; Shiman, Otake, Park, Peterson, & Seligman, 2006), with fewer studies focusing on the character strengths of youth (e.g., Park & Peterson, 2006a), and even less on young children (Park & Peterson, 2006b). Understanding the early development of character strength and factors that influence its development may have implications for fostering resilience, especially among children who might be at-risk for suboptimal development due to unfavorable earlier experiences (e.g., orphanage care). The current study explored the change and continuity of character strengths and virtues among girls who were adopted from China by families in the U.S. or Canada. These girls had previously lived in Chinese orphanages for a period of time. We applied the VIA framework to help identify the adopted Chinese girls' character strengths and virtues development from preschool to school age. Our exploratory inquiry aimed to address three questions:* What character strengths do parents report about their adopted Chinese children when their children are at preschool-age and early school-age?* To what extent do adopted Chinese children's character strengths change from preschool-age to early school-age?* What is the relationship between parent, child, and/or family variables and the adopted Chinese children's character strengths at preschool age and early school ag","PeriodicalId":32430,"journal":{"name":"Michigan Family Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73868666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional Themes within International Adoption Children’s Books","authors":"Jacki Fitzpatrick, Erin Kostina-Ritchey","doi":"10.3998/MFR.4919087.0016.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/MFR.4919087.0016.104","url":null,"abstract":"International adoption is a significant process for parents1 and children (Suter, 2008). In addition to the obvious change (one or more children are added to a family), adjustments might be made in physical and psychological space (Janning, Collins & Kamm, 2011) as parents adapt to the roles of motherhood or fatherhood (Curtis, Blume & Blume, 1997-1998) and children adapt to multiple changes in most aspects of their lives (e.g., Pinderhughes, 1996). Children might be too young (e.g., infant, toddler) at the time of adoption to fully comprehend the event, yet they are likely to have some awareness. Adoptees can recognize a change in caregivers or environments, even if they do not understand the reason for the change (e.g., Murphy, 2009). Changes can be more dramatic in international adoptions. For example, Chinese adoptees and U.S. parents might face linguistic barriers to their communications. In addition, it should be noted that racial/ethnic/cultural differences (in Chinese-US transnational adoptions) might add to a sense of unfamiliarity among children and adults (e.g., Royle, 2004).Under these circumstances, it can be helpful to consider the emotional reactions of children and parents to the adoption process. Information about these processes can be provided in a variety of venues, including children's books. The purpose of this study is to examine emotional themes in children's picture books about international adoption. Song (2004) noted that books are the resource most commonly used by adoptive parents. These books can describe the logistics of the process, so that children receive an explanation of how adoptions occurred. Perhaps more importantly, the books identify the common changes in family relationships and interactions (e.g., Grice, 2005). As adoption is an elongated process with many unknown elements (e.g., how long it will take, who the adopted child will be), this process can evoke many emotional reactions (e.g., Leon, 2002; Suter, 2008). Parents might also not know or be able to gather information about the child's birth family (Ponte, Wang & Fan, 2010). Thus, the families might face doubts, questions or moments of trepidation that do not occur commonly in other family formation patterns (Miall, 1987; Raible, 2008). In addition, children's questions and identity issues can occur years after the adoption has been completed (Ponte, et al., 2010). Thus, the books can serve a retrospective function in helping children understand the ways adoptees and parents respond to various aspects of the adoption process.In addition, the books are consistent with narrative psychology principles, in which individuals and families create meaning through the stories that they share (in oral or written form). Books for very young children can address serious themes and provide models for psychological growth in response to new information (e.g., Dyer, Shatz, & Wellman, 2000). Narratives about family formation are particularly important to adoptees (","PeriodicalId":32430,"journal":{"name":"Michigan Family Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85042802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender, Space, and Objects in Divorced Families","authors":"M. Janning, Caitlyn Collins, Jacqueline J. Kamm","doi":"10.3998/MFR.4919087.0015.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3998/MFR.4919087.0015.103","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars have conducted extensive research on the significance of divorce for children, adolescents, and young adults (e.g., Hetherington, 2002; Wallerstein, Lewis, & Blakeslee, 2000), and on how divorce differentially impacts sons and daughters, and mothers and fathers (e.g., Booth & Amato, 1994a; Furstenberg, 1990). We seek to tie this body of work to its manifestations in material culture (physical artifacts that hold social meaning in people's lives) and home spaces by applying a symbolic interactionist approach to an analysis of in-depth interviews and surveys from 22 young adults in the Pacific Northwest whose parents divorced while they were children or adolescents. Young adulthood (late teens and early twenties) is a particularly useful developmental stage in which to ask about past divorce experiences because it is a time when identity salience and behavior patterns and roles stabilize (Needham & Austin, 2010).Specifically, we ask the question: How do young adults whose parents divorce experience the presence or absence of traditional gender roles as manifest in the use of domestic space and objects? We presume that the collection, arrangement, and use of artifacts and spaces in adolescents' homes reflect how families \"do gender\" (West & Zimmerman, 1987) and reflect perceptions of and relationships with each parent after their parents' divorce.BackgroundGender and Family DissolutionGender roles, or the set of behavioral and attitudinal expectations and patterns of expression that a culture defines as desirable for men and women, and girls and boys (Andersen 20003), are socially constructed in interactions and influenced by institutional norms. Social actors \"do gender\" (West & Zimmerman, 1987) by enacting and displaying masculine or feminine roles in interactional processes. These roles are affected by patterned collective expectations about what it means to be feminine or masculine (Coltrane, 1998). The family is a gendered institution, such that men's and women's roles therein are manifest at the interactional level and are also shaped by structural forces such as labor force participation rates, cultural ideals about gender, and patriarchal relations (Andersen, 2000; Baca Zinn, Eitzen, & Wells, 2011). Therefore, despite gender being socially constructed, and thus susceptible to revision, role expectations for men and women still differ in families (Wharton, 2005).Since it is in families, as primary socializing agents, where gender roles are first introduced, it is important to investigate how and whether different family structures may produce different types of roles. In fact, there is a large body of research on differential divorce experiences for men and women, often referred to as \"his\" divorce and \"her\" divorce. Citing increased freedom and improved standard of living for men, and decreased standard of living and isolation for women, scholars who investigate the gendered divorce experience for men and women focus primarily on ec","PeriodicalId":32430,"journal":{"name":"Michigan Family Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87906126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}