{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 24 Article 24—Interim Measures","authors":"F. GusyMartin, M. HoskingJames","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0025","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses Article 24 of the ICDR Rules, which empowers the tribunal to order any interim or conservatory measures it deems necessary, including—but not limited to—injunctive relief and measures necessary for the protection of property. The measures may be intended to preserve evidence for use in the case, prevent property from being interfered with, or, more generally, to preserve the status quo pending determination of the dispute. In addition to empowering the tribunal to take such measures, Article 24(3) also states that a request to a judicial authority for interim measures is not inconsistent with the arbitration agreement. As the newly introduced Article 24(5) makes clear, Article 24 should not be confused with Article 6, which provides for ‘emergency measures of protection’ to be granted by an ‘emergency arbitrator’ where the tribunal has not yet been appointed.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129932744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 16 Article 16—Party Representation","authors":"F GusyMartin, M HoskingJames","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines Article 16 of the ICDR Rules. Although some jurisdictions have traditionally placed restrictions on who can appear on behalf of the parties in an arbitration proceeding conducted on its territory, there is a clear trend in international arbitration towards allowing the parties freely to choose a representative as they deem appropriate, whether that be a local lawyer or foreign counsel, or someone not qualified as a lawyer at all. Article 16 does not provide express guidance as to who may or may not represent a party in arbitration. However, it does provide that each party has the right to representation and, given the liberal approach underlying modern doctrine and the ICDR Rules, this provision should be interpreted to provide each party with the freedom to select a representative of its choosing, whether that is a lawyer or a non-lawyer.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130540167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 36 Article 36—Deposits","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0037","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assesses Article 36 of the ICDR Rules. Article 36 sets out the basic rules for when deposits are to be paid as an advance on the costs of the arbitration, the consequences for non-payment, and the Administrator’s duty to account to the parties for how the deposits have been used. The advance on costs is strategically important because, unlike in litigation, it requires the parties to ‘front’ potentially significant sums in order to continue to have the dispute resolved by arbitration. This can be used by either party to try to gain leverage. The text of Article 36 was the subject of several revisions with the 2014 amendments to the ICDR Rules. A new paragraph was added to the Article, making explicit that a party’s failure to pay a required deposit can be treated as a withdrawal of the party’s claim or counterclaim.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125015722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 9 Article 9—Amendment or Supplement of Claim, Counterclaim, or Defense","authors":"F. GusyMartin, M. HoskingJames","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on Article 9, which affords the parties relatively wide latitude to modify claims, counterclaims, or defenses, including set-offs. The ICDR Rules provide a permissive standard, establishing that modification by means of amendment and supplementation is possible at any time during the proceedings, as long as the arbitral tribunal considers it appropriate. Such claim, counterclaim, set-off, or defense modifications are required to be within the scope of the arbitration agreement—that is, the boundaries of an arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction. The parties’ general right to amend their claims or defenses, including set-off, is subject to the tribunal’s power of rejection on grounds of unexcused delay or prejudice to the parties or proceedings.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127325885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 1 Article 1—Scope of These Rules","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the scope of application of the ICDR Rules. Within its four paragraphs, Article 1 of the ICDR Rules introduces the ICDR’s mandate; sets the boundaries for institutional jurisdiction and delegates authority to the Administrator; provides for the ICDR to be the exclusive administrator of all international arbitrations under the auspices of the AAA; prescribes the ICDR Rules’ scope of application; declares the ICDR Rules subject to any mandatory laws; and deems smaller disputes to be handled pursuant to the new International Expedited Procedures. Importantly, Article 1(1) provides that the ICDR Rules will be applied in either of two ways: (i) with an agreement to arbitrate ‘under these International Arbitration Rules’; or (ii) if the parties have provided ‘for arbitration of an international dispute by the [ICDR] or the [AAA] without designating particular rules’. In either scenario, the parties agreed to institutional as opposed to ad hoc arbitration.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122106880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 20 Article 20—Conduct of Proceedings","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assesses Article 20 of the ICDR Rules, which regulates the procedure by which the parties will conduct their arbitration before the tribunal. Article 20 is said to grant the tribunal more discretion in this regard than the majority of other institutional rules. Still, in practice, the parties have significant influence over the process. The tribunal’s discretion is, of course, subject to the explicit directive of Article 20 that the parties be provided due process and a fair opportunity to be heard. Moreover, Article 20 mandates the tribunal to expedite the procedure to the extent possible. The 2014 amendments to the ICDR Rules added several provisions to Article 20 to further that mandate. The revised Rules also require the parties to ‘make every effort to avoid unnecessary delay and expense in the arbitration’.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116671153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 25 Article 25—Tribunal-Appointed Expert","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0026","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines Article 25 of the ICDR Rules, which addresses tribunal-appointed—as opposed to party-appointed—experts. Although tribunal-appointed experts are more common in the civil law tradition, the practice is not infrequently seen in general international arbitration. Article 25 of the ICDR Rules was only lightly amended in the 2014 revisions. While it provides the framework for empowering the tribunal to appoint such experts and some basic rules, Article 25 leaves to the tribunal’s discretion other practical issues, such as the method of selecting the expert, qualifications required of the expert, arrangements for payment of the expert’s fees and expenses, and negotiation of the expert’s terms of engagement. In this respect, a tribunal may well turn to internationally accepted procedural guidelines on using tribunal-appointed experts.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123446342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 18 Article 18—Language of Arbitration","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on Article 18 of the ICDR Rules, which provides for the language of arbitration. Article 18 recognizes as binding the parties’ agreement—in the arbitration clause or otherwise—on a particular language in which the arbitration shall be conducted. However, where the parties have not specified the language of the arbitration, Article 18 provides that the language of the documents that contain the arbitration agreement is determinative of the language of the proceedings. Article 18 also permits the arbitrators to determine the language of the arbitration, recognizing that it may be appropriate, in some cases, to conduct the arbitration in more than one language. For example, it is not uncommon to require the parties to make submissions in one language, but to allow them to produce documents or witness statements in other languages without having to provide a translation.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"4 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120904838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 3 Article 3—Answer and Counterclaim","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on Article 3 of the ICDR Rules, which addresses the Respondent’s Answer to the Claimant’s Notice of Arbitration. In filing the Answer, the Respondent may introduce counterclaims and set-offs. The Respondent is not required to provide a full defense in the Answer but may do so if it so wishes. In practice, as a responsive pleading, the contents of the Answer will depend on the facts and arguments presented by the Claimant in the Notice of Arbitration. The Respondent is required to ‘respond to the Notice of Arbitration’ and must submit its statement to the Claimant and any other parties, as well as to the Administrator. In a typical case, the Respondent will request that the claims be dismissed or the relief denied, and that the Claimant be ordered to bear the costs of arbitration, including the Respondent’s legal costs.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134013882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 30 Article 30—Time, Form, and Effect of the Award","authors":"F GusyMartin, M HoskingJames","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0031","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Article 30 of the ICDR Rules, which prescribes the basic requirements for the time, form, and effect of any ICDR arbitral award. The Article does not provide a comprehensive list of requirements for a valid award; rather, it prescribes certain general minimum standards, while also giving some deference to the potential application of the parties’ agreement and the specific demands of the law at the place of arbitration or where enforcement is sought. The text of Article 30 received a number of revisions during the 2014 amendments to the ICDR Rules. Many of these revisions were aimed at streamlining and internationalizing the language, but others incorporated existing ICDR practices such as review of the draft award by the ICDR or expanded the previous provisions such as establishing a deadline by which the award must be rendered.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129767705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}