{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 31 Article 31—Applicable Laws and Remedies","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0032","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies Article 31 of the ICDR Rules, which is an amalgam of various rules addressing the issue of laws applicable to the arbitration and certain matters relating to the remedies available to the tribunal. Its touchstone is ‘party autonomy’—that is, respecting the choice of the parties, as expressed in the arbitration agreement or in positions taken before the tribunal. Absent party agreement, the arbitrators enjoy a broad discretion. Nevertheless, the parties’ freedom and the tribunal’s discretion may be restricted by mandatory rules of law at the place of arbitration or of enforcement. This limitation is also reflected in Article 1(2), which provides that any applicable mandatory law takes precedence over the powers recognized in Article 31.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129739041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 5 Article 5—Mediation","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Article 5 on mediation of the 2014 ICDR Rules. Mediation is a very effective alternative dispute-resolution process, in which the mediator assists the parties to settle their disputes by a process of discussion and narrowing differences. The mediator does not have the power to render binding decisions, rather the parties aim to reach agreement amongst themselves with the mediator’s assistance. Under Article 5, the ICDR may invite the parties to mediate or the parties may agree to mediate in accordance with the ICDR’s International Mediation Rules at any time while the arbitration proceedings are pending. The mediation shall in principle proceed in parallel with arbitration to avoid any delay. Ultimately, the 2014 ICDR Rules reflect a desire to encourage the parties to consider the benefits of mediation, particularly early in the dispute resolution process, without forcing them to mediate.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131001703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 39 Article 39—Interpretation of Rules","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0040","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies Article 39 of the ICDR Rules. Article 39 provides a bright-line rule that seeks to clarify when the arbitrators, as opposed to the institution, are responsible for interpreting and applying the ICDR Rules: to the extent that a rule impacts on the tribunal’s powers and duties, then the tribunal is charged with its application; in all other cases, this duty falls on the ICDR. Practically speaking, however, given the ICDR’s extensive experience with applying the rules, arbitrators typically will consult with the institution before making such an interpretation. Article 39 is substantially the same as its predecessor in Article 36 of the 2009 ICDR Rules. The only notable revision is that the provision now expressly provides that any emergency arbitrator or consolidation arbitrator will have the same authority as the arbitral tribunal to interpret and apply the Rules.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131306541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 32 Article 32—Settlement or Other Reasons for Termination","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0033","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses Article 32 of the ICDR Rules. Article 23 addresses within its three paragraphs at least four situations in which the arbitration may be terminated other than by provision of a final award: termination upon settlement; termination upon settlement, but where the parties request that a ‘consent award’ be issued; termination because the continuation of the proceeding has become unnecessary or impossible due to non-payment; and termination because the continuation of the arbitration has become unnecessary or impossible for any other reason. The first scenario is probably the most typical, but in all scenarios—except for non-payment—the tribunal is likely to terminate the proceeding subject to payment of any outstanding fees or costs. Article 32(2), concerning suspension or termination for non-payment, is a new provision that was added to the text of this rule with the 2014 amendments.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114529796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 6 Article 6—Emergency Measures of Protection","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies the ICDR’s provision for emergency measures in Article 6. Through the procedures detailed in Article 6, a party may apply to secure expedited emergency relief even before an arbitrator has been appointed. On receipt of such an application, the ICDR will appoint an emergency arbitrator, who is tasked with considering the application and who has the power to order interim awards, to protect or conserve property, and to make other orders of emergency relief. Importantly, a party may still choose to go to a court of competent jurisdiction to obtain emergency relief, such as a preliminary injunction, a temporary restraining order, or an order to preserve evidence. The real utility of Article 6 lies in situations in which the tribunal has not yet been appointed and a party fears that the appropriate courts will not grant interim relief or it will be ineffective.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116874899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 29 Article 29—Awards, Orders, Decisions, and Rulings","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0030","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses Article 29 of the ICDR Rules. In any arbitration, the tribunal will almost always be required to take certain decisions before it is tasked with rendering a final award. Article 29 provides the tribunal with the broad authority to make such decisions to keep the arbitration advancing and to ultimately resolve the dispute. In addition to the broad powers in Article 29(1), Article 29(2) attempts to address the possibility that a unanimous decision will be unobtainable in an arbitration involving more than a sole arbitrator by permitting any ‘award, order, decision, or ruling’ to be made by a majority of arbitrators, regardless of whether the presiding arbitrator is part of that majority. Meanwhile, Article 29(3) empowers the tribunal to delegate to the presiding arbitrator the authority to make ‘orders, decisions, or rulings on questions of procedure’, subject to revision by the full tribunal.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117142881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 23 Article 23—Hearing","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0024","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter studies Article 23, which sets out some basic procedural guidelines for the arbitral hearing—addressing such issues as notice requirements, identification of witnesses, and logistics for witness examination—and vests broad discretion in the tribunal on the conduct of the hearing. While the tribunal typically enjoys a broad discretion in laying the ‘ground rules’ for the hearing, it will also be influenced by several other factors. First, the tribunal may well decide to adopt outright, or at a minimum be guided by, international standard rules on evidential or procedural matters. Second, the arbitral procedure may be influenced by any provisions relating to hearings adopted as part of the arbitration clause or submission to arbitration. Lastly, a tribunal will take note of the provisions relating to hearings that are contained in the applicable arbitration rules.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132775626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 38 Article 38—Exclusion of Liability","authors":"F. GusyMartin, M. HoskingJames","doi":"10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0039","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Article 38 of the ICDR Rules, which seeks to absolve the arbitrators and the ICDR Administrator of any liability in connection with the arbitration to the fullest extent allowed by the applicable law. While arbitrator immunity and that of arbitral institutions is typically dealt with in applicable national laws, Article 38 performs the important additional function of providing a contractual basis for granting immunity. The 2014 revisions to the provision made some subtle changes to the text of what is now Article 38. The revised text now excludes the waiver of liability to the extent required by the applicable law. In addition, Article 38 now explicitly provides that the arbitrators and ICDR are immune from suit and from being called as a party or witness in litigation.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125442122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 35 Article 35—Fees and Expenses of Arbitral Tribunal","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0036","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at Article 35 of the ICDR Rules, which concerns compensation of the arbitral tribunal. Under the ICDR Rules, the case Administrator at the ICDR takes the lead in ensuring that fee rates are agreed between all tribunal members and the parties. Those fees are almost always based on the arbitrators’ previously advised hourly rates, although the Administrator may intervene to modify rates to avoid any significant disparity. Similarly, although not formally required under the rules, throughout the arbitration and in the final costs of arbitration, the Administrator reviews the reasonableness of the arbitrators’ fees and expenses. In contrast to the equivalent provision in the AAA Commercial Rules, section R-55, the ICDR Rules envisage a more hands-on role to be played by the institution.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121058777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Part II Commentary on the International Expedited Rules, 40 Article E-1—Scope of Expedited Procedures","authors":"Gusy Martin F, Hosking James M","doi":"10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LAW/9780198729020.003.0041","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the provision for expedited procedures in the 2014 ICDR Rules. Prior to 2014, the AAA provided expedited procedures for some domestic cases and parties could agree to expedited rules, but there were no express provisions for expedited resolution of an international dispute. The introduction of the ICDR’s International Expedited Procedures (Expedited Procedures), and analogous provisions in other institutional rules, are a response to user demand for quicker and cheaper options in international arbitration. As such, the ICDR’s Expedited Procedures—like those at other institutions—have a number of features specifically aimed at controlling time and costs. These include shorter time periods for appointment of the arbitrator, filing of written submissions, holding a hearing, and rendering the award. With respect to costs, the ICDR has not introduced a separate fee schedule for arbitrations under the Expedited Procedures.","PeriodicalId":323947,"journal":{"name":"A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124507829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}