Public Health Research最新文献

{"title":"Age-specific mortality risk for community-acquired pneumonia","authors":"Anmisun, Jae Bin Lee, Woo, hyekyung","doi":"10.22900/KPHR.2020.46.4.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22900/KPHR.2020.46.4.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68345553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Vulnerability and Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Middle-aged Adults: Based on Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","authors":"Park, Eun Ok","doi":"10.22900/KPHR.2020.46.4.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22900/KPHR.2020.46.4.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68345163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dementia mortality among aged 60 years and older in Korea: 2014-2018","authors":"S. H. Park, Yong Woon Lee, D. Lim","doi":"10.22900/KPHR.2020.46.4.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22900/KPHR.2020.46.4.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68345173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content analysis of heated tobacco products on magazine advertisement in South Korea","authors":"Hyejung Kim, Ji-eun Hwang","doi":"10.22900/KPHR.2020.46.4.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22900/KPHR.2020.46.4.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"11-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68345439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual health trainers to support health and well-being for people under community supervision in the criminal justice system: the STRENGTHEN pilot RCT","authors":"Lynne Callaghan, Tom P Thompson, S. Creanor, C. Quinn, J. Senior, C. Green, A. Hawton, R. Byng, Gary Wallace, J. Sinclair, Amy Kane, Emma Hazeldine, Samantha Walker, R. Crook, V. Wainwright, D. Enki, B. Jones, E. Goodwin, Lucy Cartwright, J. Horrell, J. Shaw, J. Annison, Adrian H. Taylor","doi":"10.3310/phr07200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr07200","url":null,"abstract":"Background Little is known about the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of interventions, such as health trainer support, to improve the health and well-being of people recently released from prison or serving a community sentence, because of the challenges in recruiting participants and following them up. Objectives This pilot trial aimed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the trial methods and intervention (and associated costs) for a randomised trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of health trainer support versus usual care. Design This trial involved a pilot multicentre, parallel, two-group randomised controlled trial recruiting 120 participants with 1 : 1 individual allocation to receive support from a health trainer and usual care or usual care alone, with a mixed-methods process evaluation, in 2017–18. Setting Participants were identified, screened and recruited in Community Rehabilitation Companies in Plymouth and Manchester or the National Probation Service in Plymouth. The intervention was delivered in the community. Participants Those who had been out of prison for at least 2 months (to allow community stabilisation), with at least 7 months of a community sentence remaining, were invited to participate; those who may have posed an unacceptable risk to the researchers and health trainers and those who were not interested in the trial or intervention support were excluded. Interventions The intervention group received, in addition to usual care, our person-centred health trainer support in one-to-one sessions for up to 14 weeks, either in person or via telephone. Health trainers aimed to empower participants to make healthy lifestyle changes (particularly in alcohol use, smoking, diet and physical activity) and take on the Five Ways to Well-being [Foresight Projects. Mental Capital and Wellbeing: Final Project Report. 2008. URL: www.gov.uk/government/publications/mental-capital-and-wellbeing-making-the-most-of-ourselves-in-the-21st-century (accessed 24 January 2019).], and also signposted to other options for support. The control group received treatment as usual, defined by available community and public service options for improving health and well-being. Main outcome measures The main outcomes included the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale scores, alcohol use, smoking behaviour, dietary behaviour, physical activity, substance use, resource use, quality of life, intervention costs, intervention engagement and feasibility and acceptability of trial methods and the intervention. Results A great deal about recruitment was learned and the target of 120 participants was achieved. The minimum trial retention target at 6 months (60%) was met. Among those offered health trainer support, 62% had at least two sessions. The mixed-methods process evaluation generally supported the trial methods and intervention acceptability and feasibility. The proposed primary outcome, the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-be","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44395874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A revised teaching assistant-led extracurricular physical activity programme for 8- to 10-year-olds: the Action 3:30R feasibility cluster RCT","authors":"R. Jago, Byron Tibbitts, Alice Porter, E. Sanderson, E. Bird, J. Powell, C. Metcalfe, S. Sebire","doi":"10.3310/phr07190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr07190","url":null,"abstract":"1Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 2The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and CareWest (NIHR CLAHRCWest) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK 3Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, Bristol Trials Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 4Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44124553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifying the secondary school environment to reduce bullying and aggression: the INCLUSIVE cluster RCT","authors":"C. Bonell, E. Allen, E. Warren, Jennifer A. McGowan, L. Bevilacqua, F. Jamal, Z. Sadique, R. Legood, M. Wiggins, C. Opondo, A. Mathiot, J. Sturgess, S. Paparini, A. Fletcher, M. Perry, Grace West, T. Tancred, Stephen Scott, D. Elbourne, D. Christie, L. Bond, R. Viner","doi":"10.3310/phr07180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr07180","url":null,"abstract":"Bullying, aggression and violence among children and young people are some of the most consequential public mental health problems.The INCLUSIVE (initiating change locally in bullying and aggression through the school environment) trial evaluated the Learning Together intervention, which involved students in efforts to modify their school environment using restorative approaches and to develop social and emotional skills. We hypothesised that in schools receiving Learning Together there would be lower rates of self-reported bullying and perpetration of aggression and improved student biopsychosocial health at follow-up than in control schools.INCLUSIVE was a cluster randomised trial with integral economic and process evaluations.Forty secondary schools in south-east England took part. Schools were randomly assigned to implement the Learning Together intervention over 3 years or to continue standard practice (controls).A total of 6667 (93.6%) students participated at baseline and 5960 (83.3%) students participated at final follow-up. No schools withdrew from the study.Schools were provided with (1) a social and emotional curriculum, (2) all-staff training in restorative approaches, (3) an external facilitator to help convene an action group to revise rules and policies and to oversee intervention delivery and (4) information on local needs to inform decisions.Self-reported experience of bullying victimisation (Gatehouse Bullying Scale) and perpetration of aggression (Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime school misbehaviour subscale) measured at 36 months. Intention-to-treat analysis using longitudinal mixed-effects models.Primary outcomes – Gatehouse Bullying Scale scores were significantly lower among intervention schools than among control schools at 36 months (adjusted mean difference –0.03, 95% confidence interval –0.06 to 0.00). There was no evidence of a difference in Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime scores. Secondary outcomes – students in intervention schools had higher quality of life (adjusted mean difference 1.44, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 2.17) and psychological well-being scores (adjusted mean difference 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.66), lower psychological total difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) score (adjusted mean difference –0.54, 95% confidence interval –0.83 to –0.25), and lower odds of having smoked (odds ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.80), drunk alcohol (odds ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.92), been offered or tried illicit drugs (odds ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.73) and been in contact with police in the previous 12 months (odds ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.97). The total numbers of reported serious adverse events were similar in each arm. There were no changes for staff outcomes. Process evaluation – fidelity was variable, with a reduction in year 3. Over half of the staff were aware that the school","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48182948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions integrating health and academic education in schools to prevent substance misuse and violence: a systematic review","authors":"T. Tancred, G. Melendez‐Torres, S. Paparini, A. Fletcher, C. Stansfield, James Thomas, R. Campbell, Suzanne Taylor, C. Bonell","doi":"10.3310/phr07170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr07170","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Schools struggle to timetable health education. Interventions integrating academic and health education to reduce substance use and violence offer promise. No current systematic reviews examine such interventions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To review evidence to explore the following questions: (1) what types of interventions integrating health and academic education in schools serving those aged 4–18 years have been evaluated? (2) What theories of change inform these interventions? (3) What factors facilitate or limit the successful implementation and receipt of such interventions, and what are the implications for the delivery of such implementations in the UK? (4) How effective are such interventions in reducing smoking and violence and the use of alcohol and drugs, and at increasing attainment? Does this vary by students’ sociodemographic characteristics? (5) What factors appear to influence the effectiveness of such interventions?\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In total, 19 databases were searched from 18 November to 22 December 2015, updating searches for outcome evaluations for violence on 28 February 2018 and for substance use on 14 May 2018. References were extracted from included studies and authors contacted.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Included studies reported on theories of change, and process or outcome evaluations of interventions that integrated academic and health education to reduce substance use and/or violence. References were screened on the title/abstract and then on the full report. Data extraction and appraisal used Cochrane, Evidence for Policy and Practice Information Centre and other established tools. Theories of change and process data were qualitatively synthesised. Outcome evaluations were synthesised narratively and meta-analytically.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In total, 78,451 unique references were originally identified and 62 reports included. Search updates on 28 February and 14 May 2018 retrieved a further 2355 and 1945 references, respectively, resulting in the inclusion of six additional reports. Thirty-nine reports described theories, 16 reports (15 studies) evaluated process and 41 reports (16 studies) evaluated outcomes. Multicomponent interventions are theorised to erode ‘boundaries’ (strengthen relationships) between academic and health education, teachers and students, behaviour in classrooms and in the wider school, and schools and families. Teachers, pro-social peers and parents are theorised to act as role models and reinforcers of healthy behaviours learnt in lessons. There was clear evidence that interventions are facilitated by supportive senior management and alignment with the schools’ ethos, collaborative and supportive teaching environments, and positive pre-existing student, teacher and parent attitudes towards interventions. The barriers were overburdened teachers who had little time to both learn and implement integrated curricula. The strongest evidence for effectiveness was found for the reduction of substance use in school key stages (KSs) 2 and 3. For example, a m","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44972343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A peer-led physical activity intervention in schools for adolescent girls: a feasibility RCT","authors":"S. Sebire, Kathryn Banfield, R. Campbell, Mark J Edwards, R. Kipping, B. Kadir, K. Garfield, J. Matthews, P. Blair, R. Lyons, W. Hollingworth, R. Jago","doi":"10.3310/phr07160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr07160","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Girls are less active than boys and few adolescent girls meet physical activity (PA) guidelines. Peers are an important influence on the views and behaviours of adolescent girls, yet many PA interventions involving peers use formal approaches that may not harness the power of peer groups. More informal peer-led PA interventions, which work within proximal peer groups, may hold promise for increasing girls’ PA.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To examine the feasibility, evidence of promise and cost of the Peer-Led physical Activity iNtervention for Adolescent girls (PLAN-A), a peer-led PA intervention.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Phase 1 comprised formative work and a pilot study conducted in one secondary school. Phase 2 was a feasibility study comprising a pilot randomised controlled trial in six secondary schools, including process and economic evaluations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Six secondary schools in South Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, recruited from schools above the median local Pupil Premium (i.e. more deprived).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Year 8 girls (aged 12–13 years).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Year 8 girls nominated other girls in their year who are likely to be influential (e.g. who they look up to, are good listeners); the 18% most nominated were invited to be peer supporters (PSs). PSs attended 2 consecutive days of training (plus a top-up day 5 weeks later) outside the school site, led by pairs of PS trainers, to increase their knowledge about PA and their capabilities and confidence to promote PA in their friendship group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Measures focused on establishing evidence for feasibility and promise: recruitment and retention of Year 8 girls and PSs, data provision rates [accelerometer and questionnaire collected pre randomisation/beginning of Year 8 (T0), end of Year 8 (T1) and beginning of Year 9 (T2)], intervention acceptability, PS training attendance, intervention cost, and the between-arm difference in weekday minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). A process evaluation was conducted.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Six schools were recruited: four PLAN-A (n = 269) and two control (n = 158). In total, 94.7% of Year 8 girls participated. A total of 55 (17–24% of Year 8 girls) PSs were trained (attendance rate 91–100%). Five girls were trained as PS trainers. Questionnaire data provision exceeded 92% at all time points. Accelerometer return rates were > 85% and wear-time criteria were met by 83%, 71% and 62% of participants at T0, T1 and T2, respectively. Mean weekday MVPA did not differ between intervention arms at T1 (1.1 minutes, 95% CI –4.3 to 6.5 minutes) but did at T2 (6.1 minutes, 95% CI 1.4 to 10.8 minutes), favouring PLAN-A. The mean cost of intervention delivery was £2685 per school or £37 per Year 8 girl. Process evaluation identified good fidelity, engagement and enjoyment of the PS training and peer-support strategies. PSs needed more guidance on how to start conversations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Accelerometer data provision was lowest at T2, suggesting a need for strategies to increase compliance.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Informal peer-led intervention approach","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43790758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for public health on novel psychoactive substance use: a mixed-methods study","authors":"K. Higgins, N. O’Neill, Leeanne O’Hara, J. Jordan, M. McCann, Tara O’Neill, Mike Clarke, Tony O’Neill, A. Campbell","doi":"10.3310/PHR07140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/PHR07140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) contribute to the public health impact of substance misuse. This report provides research evidence addressing 11 research questions related to NPSs, covering types, patterns and settings of use; supply sources; and implications for policy and practice.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study used a conceptually linked three-phase mixed-methods design with a shared conceptual framework based on multiple-context risk and protective factors. Phase 1 was a quantitative phase involving secondary data analysis of the longitudinal Belfast Youth Development Study (BYDS), a latent class analysis using the 2039 BYDS participants. Phase 2 was an extensive qualitative analysis via narrative interviews with participants, sampled from BYDS, drug/alcohol services and prisons, to explore NPS use trajectories. Phase 3 was the final quantitative phase; generalisability of the shared risk factor part of the model was tested using the manual three-step approach to examine risk factors associated with latent class membership. The quantitative and qualitative analyses were integrated, thus allowing emerging findings to be further explored.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The data suggest that NPSs have a place within a range of polydrug use trajectories. Models showed no distinctive NPS class, with no clear evidence of differential risks for NPS use compared with the use of other substances. From the qualitative analysis, a taxonomy of groups was derived that explored how and where NPSs featured in a range of trajectories. This taxonomy was used to structure the analysis of factors linked to use within a risk and protective framework. Drivers for use were considered alongside knowledge, perceptions and experience of harms. Suggestions about how interventions could best respond to the various patterns of use – with special consideration of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), including how they relate to the use of heroin and the potential for NPSs to operate as a ‘snare’ to more problem use – were also presented.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study was conducted during 2016/17; generalisability beyond this sample and time point is limited. The level of missing data for some of the BYDS analysis was a limitation, as was the fact that the BYDS data were collected in 2011, so in a different context from the data collected during the narrative interviews. The Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 (Great Britain. Psychoactive Substances Act 2016. London: The Stationery Office; 2016) came into force during qualitative fieldwork and, although not particularly influential in this study, may be influential in future work. It is acknowledged that many of the data related to SCs and mephedrone. Although drug use was measured by self-report, the strength of rapport within interviews, reflective diaries and methodological acceptability checks helped to mitigate self-report bias.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 NPSs continue to present significant challenges for legislation and monitoring, researching and developing interventions. Understandin","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46990501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}