Public Health Research最新文献

{"title":"A school-based social-marketing intervention to promote sexual health in English secondary schools: the Positive Choices pilot cluster RCT","authors":"R. Ponsford, S. Bragg, E. Allen, N. Tilouche, R. Meiksin, Lucy Emmerson, L. Van Dyck, C. Opondo, S. Morris, J. Sturgess, Elizabeth Brocklehurst, A. Hadley, G. Melendez‐Torres, D. Elbourne, H. Young, M. Lohan, C. Mercer, R. Campbell, C. Bonell","doi":"10.3310/PHR09010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/PHR09010","url":null,"abstract":"Background The UK still has the highest rate of teenage births in western Europe. Teenagers are also the age group most likely to experience unplanned pregnancy, with around half of conceptions in those aged Objectives To optimise and feasibility-test Positive Choices and then conduct a pilot trial in the south of England assessing whether or not progression to Phase III would be justified in terms of prespecified criteria. Design Intervention optimisation and feasibility testing; pilot randomised controlled trial. Setting The south of England: optimisation and feasibility-testing in one secondary school; pilot cluster trial in six other secondary schools (four intervention, two control) varying by local deprivation and educational attainment. Participants School students in year 8 at baseline, and school staff. Interventions Schools were randomised (1 : 2) to control or intervention. The intervention comprised staff training, needs survey, school health promotion council, year 9 curriculum, student-led social marketing, parent information and review of school/local sexual health services. Main outcome measures The prespecified criteria for progression to Phase III concerned intervention fidelity of delivery and acceptability; successful randomisation and school retention; survey response rates; and feasible linkage to routine administrative data on pregnancies. The primary health outcome of births was assessed using routine data on births and abortions, and various self-reported secondary sexual health outcomes. Data sources The data sources were routine data on births and abortions, baseline and follow-up student surveys, interviews, audio-recordings, observations and logbooks. Results The intervention was optimised and feasible in the first secondary school, meeting the fidelity targets other than those for curriculum delivery and criteria for progress to the pilot trial. In the pilot trial, randomisation and school retention were successful. Student response rates in the intervention group and control group were 868 (89.4%) and 298 (84.2%), respectively, at baseline, and 863 (89.0%) and 296 (82.0%), respectively, at follow-up. The target of achieving ≥ 70% fidelity of implementation of essential elements in three schools was achieved. Coverage of relationships and sex education topics was much higher in intervention schools than in control schools. The intervention was acceptable to 80% of students. Interviews with staff indicated strong acceptability. Data linkage was feasible, but there were no exact matches for births or abortions in our cohort. Measures performed well. Poor test–retest reliability on some sexual behaviour measures reflected that this was a cohort of developing adolescents. Qualitative research confirmed the appropriateness of the intervention and theory of change, but suggested some refinements. Limitations The optimisation school underwent repeated changes in leadership, which undermined its participation. Moderator anal","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69498534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and Successful Preventative Response: The Cases of Bhutan, Cuba, and New Zealand","authors":"Shin Dong Eun, Maybin Herrera Sanchez, E. Nam","doi":"10.22900/KPHR.2021.47.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22900/KPHR.2021.47.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68345261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Family Nurse Partnership to reduce maltreatment and improve child health and development in young children: the BB:2–6 routine data-linkage follow-up to earlier RCT","authors":"M. Robling, F. Lugg-Widger, R. Cannings‐John, J. Sanders, Lianna Angel, S. Channon, D. Fitzsimmons, K. Hood, J. Kenkre, Gwenllian Moody, E. Owen-Jones, R. Pockett, J. Segrott, T. Slater","doi":"10.3310/PHR09020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/PHR09020","url":null,"abstract":"1Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK 2Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK 3School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK 4Swansea Centre for Health Economics, Swansea University, Swansea, UK 5Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK 6School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69498596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of accessibility for dental care utilization of people with disabilities","authors":"S. Park, Hojong Kim, J. Jeong, Min-Kyeong Hong, Na-young Kim, Chong-Yon Park, Euichul Shin","doi":"10.22900/KPHR.2021.47.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22900/KPHR.2021.47.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68345274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"한국 노인의 사전연명의료의향서 작성 의도 영향 요인","authors":"Nam-Ju Park, Seongha Hong, Song, Inmyung","doi":"10.22900/KPHR.2021.47.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22900/KPHR.2021.47.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68345285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Brief alcohol intervention for risky drinking in young people aged 14–15 years in secondary schools: the SIPS JR-HIGH RCT","authors":"E. Giles, G. McGeechan, S. Coulton, P. Deluca, C. Drummond, D. Howel, E. Kaner, E. McColl, R. McGovern, S. Scott, E. Stamp, H. Sumnall, L. Todd, L. Vale, V. Albani, S. Boniface, Jennifer Ferguson, E. Gilvarry, N. Hendrie, N. Howe, H. Mossop, A. Ramsay, G. Stanley, D. Newbury-Birch","doi":"10.3310/phr07090-c202012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr07090-c202012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During independent re-analysis of the cost data for a PhD thesis, a coding error was identified in one of the sensitivity analyses of the cost-utility evaluation of the trial looking at the effect of excluding from the intervention and control costs the cost of missed school days.","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45977725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A peer-led intervention to promote sexual health in secondary schools: the STASH feasibility study","authors":"K. Mitchell, Carrie Purcell, Ross Forsyth, Sarah Barry, R. Hunter, S. Simpson, L. McDaid, L. Elliot, M. McCann, K. Wetherall, Chiara Broccatelli, J. Bailey, L. Moore","doi":"10.3310/PHR08150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/PHR08150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: \u0000Young people report higher levels of unsafe sex and have higher rates of sexually transmitted infections than any other age group. Schools are well placed to facilitate early intervention, but more effective approaches are required. Peer-led approaches can augment school-based education, but often fail to capitalise on mechanisms of social influence. The potential of using social media in sexual health has not been tested in school settings. \u0000 \u0000Objectives: \u0000Finalise the design of the Sexually Transmitted infections And Sexual Health (STASH) intervention; assess the recruitment and retention of peer supporters, and acceptability to participants and stakeholders; assess the fidelity and reach, in addition to the barriers to and facilitators of, implementation; refine programme theory; understand the potential of social media; determine design parameters for a future randomised controlled trial, including economic evaluation; and establish whether or not progression criteria were met. \u0000 \u0000Design: \u0000This was a feasibility study comprising intervention development and refinement of the STASH pilot and non-randomised feasibility trial in six schools. Control data were provided by students in the year above the intervention group. \u0000 \u0000Setting: \u0000Secondary schools in Scotland. \u0000 \u0000Participants: \u0000Students aged 14–16 years, teachers and intervention delivery partners. \u0000 \u0000Interventions: \u0000The STASH intervention was adapted from A Stop Smoking In Schools Trial (ASSIST) (an effective peer-led smoking intervention). Based on diffusion of innovation theory, the STASH study involves peer nomination to identify the most influential students, with the aim of recruiting and training 15% of the year group as peer supporters. The peer supporters deliver sexual health messages to friends in their year group via conversations and use of Facebook (www.facebook.com; Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA) to share varied content from a curated set of web-based resources. Peer supporters are given support themselves via follow-up sessions and via trainer membership of Facebook groups. \u0000 \u0000Main outcome measures: \u0000The primary outcome was whether or not progression criteria were met in relation to intervention acceptability and feasibility. The study also piloted indicative primary outcomes for a full-scale evaluation. \u0000 \u0000Data sources: \u0000Peer supporter questionnaire; observations of activities; interviews with trainers, teachers, peer supporters and students; monitoring log of peer supporter activities (including on Facebook and meeting attendance); questionnaire to control year group (baseline characteristics, social networks, mediators and sexual health outcomes); baseline and follow-up questionnaire (approximately 6 months later) for intervention year group. \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000A total of 104 students were trained as peer supporters (just over half of those nominated for the role by their peers). Role retention was very high (97%). Of 611 students completing the follow-up ques","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43057117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cost-Implications of Reaching Universal Coverage of Maternity Health Services in Siaya County, Western Kenya","authors":"Oluoch Felix, A. George, O. Fredrick, Okuto Erick","doi":"10.5923/J.PHR.20201001.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.PHR.20201001.01","url":null,"abstract":"In Kenya, no studies have attempted to model alternative scenarios of the cost-implications of reaching universal coverage (i.e. 95% population coverage) of the existing maternity health services network at the ward administrative level. A cross-sectional study design used publicly available geospatial data in combination with routine data from the web-based district health information software (DHIS2) platform. AccessMod (version 5) was used for scaling up analysis. ArcGIS (version 10.5) sufficed for the preparation of geospatial input and the mapping of AccessMod results, respectively. The geographic coverage of three alternative scenarios to scale up the existing maternity health services network was tested and compared to the status quo. The findings in Siaya County confirm that even if the existing maternity health services network had unlimited capacity, almost 30% of pregnant women would still not be covered. Moreover, targeting the upgrade of hospital facility types currently working beyond their capacity would offer the best value for every additional resource allocated as compared to targeting either health centers or dispensaries, otherwise reaching universal coverage will require the construction of 32 second-tier facilities in Siaya County, as it is the most equitable approach in terms of physical accessibility to maternity health services. Future research should also consider the Lives Saved Tool (LiST) to model the effect of scaling up the geographic coverage of maternal health interventions on maternal mortality in Siaya County.","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46540876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of promoting revised UK low-risk drinking guidelines on alcohol consumption: interrupted time series analysis","authors":"J. Holmes, E. Beard, Jamie Brown, A. Brennan, I. Kersbergen, P. Meier, S. Michie, A. Stevely, Penny Buykx","doi":"10.3310/phr08140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr08140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The UK’s Chief Medical Officers revised the UK alcohol drinking guidelines in 2016 to ≤ 14 units per week (1 unit = 10 ml/8 g ethanol) for men and women. Previously, the guideline stated that men should not regularly consume more than 3–4 units per day and women should not regularly consume more than 2–3 units per day.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To evaluate the impact of promoting revised UK drinking guidelines on alcohol consumption.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Interrupted time series analysis of observational data.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 England, March 2014 to October 2017.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 74,388 adults aged ≥ 16 years living in private households in England.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Promotion of revised UK low-risk drinking guidelines.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Primary outcome – alcohol consumption measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption score. Secondary outcomes – average weekly consumption measured using graduated frequency, monthly alcohol consumption per capita adult (aged ≥ 16 years) derived from taxation data, monthly number of hospitalisations for alcohol poisoning (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision: T51.0, T51.1 and T51.9) and assault (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision: X85–Y09), and further measures of influences on behaviour change.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Alcohol Toolkit Study, a monthly cross-sectional survey and NHS Digital’s Hospital Episode Statistics.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The revised drinking guidelines were not subject to large-scale promotion after the initial January 2016 announcement. An analysis of news reports found that mentions of the guidelines were mostly factual, and spiked during January 2016. In December 2015, the modelled average Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption score was 2.719 out of 12.000 and was decreasing by 0.003 each month. After the January 2016 announcement, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption scores did not decrease significantly (β = 0.001, 95% confidence interval –0.079 to 0.099). However, the trend did change significantly such that scores subsequently increased by 0.005 each month (β = 0.008, 95% confidence interval 0.001 to 0.015). This change is equivalent to 0.5% of the population moving each month from drinking two or three times per week to drinking four or more times per week. Secondary analyses indicated that the change in trend began 6 months before the guideline announcement. The secondary outcome measures showed conflicting results, with no significant changes in consumption measures and no substantial changes in influences on behaviour change, but immediate reductions in hospitalisations of 7.3% for assaults and 15.4% for alcohol poisonings.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The pre-intervention data collection period was only 2 months for influences on behaviour change and the graduated frequency measure. Our conclusions may be generalisable only to scenarios in which guidelines are announced but not promoted.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The announcem","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47170281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Text messaging and financial incentives to encourage weight loss in men with obesity: the Game of Stones feasibility RCT","authors":"S. Dombrowski, M. McDonald, M. van der Pol, M. Grindle, A. Avenell, P. Carroll, Eileen Calveley, A. Elders, Nicola Glennie, Cindy M. Gray, F. Harris, A. Hapca, Claire Jones, F. Kee, M. McKinley, Rebecca Skinner, M. Tod, P. Hoddinott","doi":"10.3310/phr08110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3310/phr08110","url":null,"abstract":"Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 11. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.","PeriodicalId":32306,"journal":{"name":"Public Health Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49161934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}