Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica最新文献

{"title":"Visiones de un futuro urbano posible: escenarios para la ciudad de las tres ecologías = Visions of a possible urban future: Scenarios for the city of the three ecologies","authors":"Carlos Verdaguer Viana-Cárdenas","doi":"10.20868/ciur.2023.148.5109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2023.148.5109","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenEl objetivo principal de la presente tesis es aportar elementos para la consolidación de una nueva cultura del territorio y para una nueva teoría y una nueva práctica de la planificación urbana y territorial que, a partir de los conceptos que se articulan en torno al denominado paradigma ecológico, contribuya a complementar y reorientar el abanico de instrumentos desarrollados por la disciplina urbanística. Como marco de referencia se ha recurrido a la perspectiva epistemológica desarrollada por Félix Guattari en su obra Las tres ecologías (1989), a partir de las tres dimensiones ecológicas básicas: la ambiental, la social y la mental. Este armazón tridimensional ha permitido abordar de forma sistemática una realidad rizomática, en la que se pueden identificar muchas más dimensiones interconectadas.AbstractThe main objective of this thesis is to provide elements for the consolidation of a new culture of the territory and for a new theory practice of urban and territorial planning, based on the so-called paradigm ecological and the battery of concepts arisen around it, so contributing to complement and redirect the range of instruments developed by the urban discipline since its formation. The epistemological perspective developed by the philosopher and psychoanalyst Félix Guattari in his work The Three Ecologies (1989) has been used as a framework of reference, built around what he defines as the three basic ecological dimensions: environmental, social, and mental. This three-dimensional framework has allowed a systematic approach to a rhizomatic reality, in which many more interconnected dimensions can be identified.","PeriodicalId":32221,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica","volume":"71 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136300645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolución histórica de la resiliencia alimentaria en la región madrileña = Historical evolution of food resilience in the Madrid region","authors":"Nerea Morán Alonso","doi":"10.20868/ciur.2023.147.5082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2023.147.5082","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenEn este estudio se analiza la resiliencia alimentaria del sistema territorial madrileño, considerando sus dimensiones biofísica, social y construida. Se pone el foco en el análisis histórico, definiendo los sucesivos estados del sistema, caracterizados por la relación entre recursos, sociedad y usos del suelo. Se identifican los factores que generan cambios en estas relaciones, y su reorganización tras cada crisis. Para cada uno de los periodos se especifica el espacio de origen de los alimentos (cuenca alimentaria), las instituciones que regulan el abastecimiento, y de una forma general la organización de la cadena alimentaria. El análisis ha permitido identificar la existencia de cuatro estados históricos: partiendo de un primer estado de autosuficiencia caracterizado por una colonización paulatina del territorio; un segundo en el que se supera la capacidad local debido al cambio funcional y simbólico de la ciudad de Madrid; un tercero de paso a la economía industrial; y el estado actual globalizado, en el que se han roto las relaciones urbano-rurales.AbstractThis study analyses the food resilience of the Madrid territorial system, considering its biophysical, social and built dimensions. It focuses on historical analysis, defining the regime shifts of the system, characterised by the relationship between resources, society and land use. The factors that generate changes in these relationships, such as their reorganisation after each crisis are identified. For each of the periods, the area of origin of the products consumed (foodshed), the institutions that regulate supply and, in general terms, how the food chain is organised, are specified. The analysis has made it possible to identify the existence of four historical states: starting from a first state of self-sufficiency characterised by a gradual colonisation of the territory; a second in which local capacity is exceeded due to the functional and symbolic change of the city of Madrid; a third of transition to the industrial economy; and a current state, defined by globalisation, in which urban-rural linkages have been broken.","PeriodicalId":32221,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42392679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La delimitación y tratamiento por el planeamiento urbanístico de los núcleos rurales en Galicia: evolución normativa y análisis de su aplicación en la práctica = Delimitation and regulation of rural settlements by urban planning in Galicia: evolution of legal provisions and analysis of practical case studies","authors":"Eduardo De Santiago Rodríguez, Isabel González García","doi":"10.20868/ciur.2023.146.5079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2023.146.5079","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenEn este artículo se repasa la delimitación y el tratamiento urbanístico de los núcleos rurales en Galicia. Se comienza realizando un recorrido por la evolución de la normativa gallega en materia de suelo, prestando especial atención al tratamiento de los núcleos rurales, su identificación y delimitación. En segundo lugar, se examina cómo se aplican estos criterios en la práctica cotidiana del planeamiento municipal, presentando 17 casos de estudio correspondientes a otras tantas figuras, representativas de las diferentes etapas legislativas estudiadas previamente. A la luz de los resultados de este análisis, se enuncian unas conclusiones, señalando algunas insuficiencias de los criterios legales para el tratamiento del Suelo de Núcleo Rural, en particular su escasa atención a los aspectos morfológicos. Finalmente, se realiza una reflexión crítica sobre las causas que pueden estar detrás del uso y abuso de esta clase de suelo. AbstractThis paper reviews the treatment in urban planning of rural areas in Galicia. It begins with a review of the evolution of Galician land regulations, paying special attention to the treatment of rural areas, their identification and delimitation. Secondly, it examines how these criteria are applied in the daily practice of municipal planning, analyzing 17 case studies corresponding to as many figures, representative of the different legislative stages previously studied. In light of the results of this analysis, some conclusions are enunciated, pointing out some insufficiencies of the legal criteria for the treatment of Rural Nucleus Land class, particularly its scant attention to morphological aspects. Finally, a critical reflection is carried out on the causes that may be behind the use and abuse of this land class.","PeriodicalId":32221,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica","volume":"453 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La importancia de la mapificación de los ecosistemas y sus servicios para la planificación urbana = The importance of mapping ecosystems and ecosystem services in urban planning","authors":"Cordoba Hernández Rafael","doi":"10.20868/ciur.2022.145.5030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2022.145.5030","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenLa investigación tiene como propósito analizar si planeamiento tiene la capacidad de protección y preservación del suelo para disminuir el riesgo generado por los impulsores directos del cambio detectados por la Evaluación de Ecosistemas del Milenio y valorar adecuadamente los bienes-servicio facilitados por los ecosistemas para mejorar la resiliencia del territorio frente a la crisis ambiental actual. Dependemos de ecosistemas saludables y resilientes para continuar brindando servicios, como alimentos, agua o aire limpio esenciales para nuestro bienestar. Por ello, contar con una descripción general sobre la situación actual de los ecosistemas y las presiones humanas a las que están expuestos es muy importante. En este marco se hace imprescindible la adecuada valoración de los ecosistemas, sus aportes, riesgos y poder territorializar estas cuestiones. Por ello es fundamental la cartografía, no solo del planeamiento sino también de todos aquellos elementos que de algún modo pueden proporcionar información al planificador para razonar la protección y preservación del suelo de cara a aumentar la resiliencia de ese territorio. Se analiza la evolución de la caracterización del territorio en base a las diferentes coberturas que cinco proyectos cartográficos europeos como son Biotopos CORINE, CORINE Land Cover, EUNIS, MAES y SIOSE desde el punto de vista ecosistémico.AbstractThe research aims to analyse whether planning has the capacity for soil protection and preservation to reduce the risk generated by the direct drivers of change identified by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and to value the ecosystem service goods provided by ecosystems to improve the resilience of the territory in the face of the current environmental crisis. We depend on healthy and resilient ecosystems to continue to provide services such as food, water or clean air that are essential for our well-being. Therefore, an overview of the current state of ecosystems and the human pressures to which they are exposed is especially important. Within this framework, it is essential to properly assess ecosystems, their contributions, risks and to be able to territorialise these issues. For this reason, mapping is fundamental, not only for planning but also for all those elements that in some way can provide information to the planner to reason the protection and preservation of the land with a view to increasing the resilience of that territory. The evolution of the characterisation of the territory is analysed based on the different coverages that five European mapping projects such as CORINE Biotopes, CORINE Land Cover, EUNIS, MAES and SIOSE from an ecosystemic point of view.","PeriodicalId":32221,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48625378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La colonización del ‘más allá’: el mito mostoleño en la geografía moral de Madrid = The colonization of ‘beyond’. The myth of Móstoles in the moral geography of Madrid","authors":"Alessandra Coppari, V. Blázquez","doi":"10.20868/ciur.2022.144.5013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2022.144.5013","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenA partir de los años 80 del siglo pasado Móstoles empezó a ser llamado el ‘más allá’, en un contexto de transformación urbanística que expresaba la lucha por la definición de las fronteras de Madrid. En ese contexto se establecían relaciones de dominación centro-periferia propias de un discurso basado en la compartimentación territorial de la ciudad. Así, las nuevas áreas colonizadas por la ciudad quedaban bajo la centralidad de su determinación moral. En este trabajo tratamos de mostrar, a través del mito —ofetiche— mostoleño del ‘más allá’, cómo el desarrollo colonizador de lo urbanoexpande el conflicto moral entre el centro y la periferia; entre el ‘acá’ y el ‘más allá’. Tras plantear el significado del mito en relación con la pluralidad inherente a su significación, analizamos discursos procedentes de distintos ámbitos sobre la toponimia del ‘más allá’ madrileño: desde la mitificación histórica del 2 de mayo de 1808 hasta las recientes expresiones artísticas que reclaman el valor periférico de Móstoles, pasando por los planes urbanísticos que definieron la ubicación territorial y moral de este mito urbano. Con ello, tratamos de mostrar cómo el conflicto moral entre el centro y la periferia anula el conflicto político inherente a la ciudad.AbstractFrom the 1980s onwards, Móstoles began to be called the 'beyond', in a context of urban transformation that expressed the struggle for the definition of Madrid's borders. In this context, relations of centre-periphery domination were established in a discourse based on the territorial compartmentalisation of the city. Thus, the new areas colonised by the city were placed at the centre of its moral determination. In this paper we try to show, through the Mostolean myth— or fetish— of the 'beyond', how the colonising development of the urban expands the moral conflict between the centre and the periphery; between the 'here' and the 'beyond'. After considering the meaning of myth in relation to the plurality inherent in its significance, we analyse discourses from different spheres on the toponymy of the 'beyond' in Madrid: from the historical mythification of 2 May 1808 to recent artistic expressions that claim the peripheral value of Móstoles, and including the urban plans that defined the territorial and moral location of this urban myth. In doing so, we try to show how the moral conflict between the centre and the periphery overrides the political conflict inherent to the city.","PeriodicalId":32221,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41430457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El paradigma del crecimiento y las Shrinking cities: caso de estudio = Tokio Shrinking cities and the growth paradigm: Tokyo Case Sud","authors":"Marcela Riva de Monti","doi":"10.20868/ciur.2022.143.4996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2022.143.4996","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenLos sistemas de producción post-fordistas, definidos por una producción flexible y des-localizada, provocaron un cambio en la geografía de la producción. En consecuencia, se forjó una nueva dinámica en los procesos de urbanización que afectó a muchas ciudades culminando en dos tipos -a priori- antagónicos de ciudades: las shrinking cities y las ciudades globales. La definición de Tokio es controvertida. Algunas investigaciones académicas señalan la existencia del shrinkage, en tanto que la ciudad se sitúa sistemáticamente entre las primeras posiciones dentro de las ciudades globales. Este estudio de caso analiza la trayectoria de la ciudad para arrojar luz sobre el proceso que está teniendo lugar. La investigación muestra la presencia de un proceso simultáneo y desigual de crecimiento y decrecimiento, bien diferenciado del city shrinkage, ya que no evidencia las implicaciones negativas del declive. No obstante manifestaciones de deterioro y vacío urbano son apreciables en el tejido de la ciudad.AbstractPost-Fordist production systems, defined by flexible and delocalized production, brought in a shift in the geography of production. In consequence, a new dynamic in urbanization processes was forged affecting many cities across the world culminating in two -a priori- antagonistic types of cities: shrinking cities and global cities There is controversy in the definition of Tokyo, as some academic research point out the existence of the shrinking process whilst the city is consistently ranked at the forefront position within the global cities. Organized as a case study, this research analyses the city trajectory in order to shed light into the process taking place. The investigation shows the presence of a simultaneous, uneven process of growth and de-growth, well differentiated from city shrinkage as the negative.","PeriodicalId":32221,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitación y conservación de humedales urbanos costeros en contextos de vulnerabilidad hídrica. Caso de estudio: Humedal de Huasco = Rehabilitation and conservation of coastal urban wetlands in contexts of water vulnerability. Case study: Huasco wetland","authors":"Osvaldo Moreno, Ximena Arizaga","doi":"10.20868/ciur.2022.143.5002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2022.143.5002","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenEl trabajo se basa en la determinación de un enfoque teórico - práctico orientado a la identificación, sistematización y análisis de casos de estudio a nivel internacional que permitan reconocer y aprender de estrategias y operaciones de planificación y diseño paisajístico orientadas a la rehabilitación y conservación de humedales costeros, comprendidos como infraestructura ecológica para la resiliencia y adaptabilidad al cambio climático en contextos de vulnerabilidad hídrica. A partir de estos aprendizajes basados en la experiencia analizada, se estudia el caso piloto del Humedal de Huasco en el desierto de Atacama, en el cual se discute la factibilidad de aplicar de las buenas prácticas identificadas.AbstractThe work is based on the determination of a theoretical and practical approach oriented towards the identification and systematic analysis of international case studies in order to recognize and learn from planning and landscape design strategies and operations aimed at the rehabilitation and conservation of coastal wetlands, understood as ecological infrastructure for resilience and adaptability to climate change in contexts of water vulnerability. Based on these lessons, the Huasco Wetland in the Atacama Desert is studied, applying the good practices previously discussed.","PeriodicalId":32221,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47391845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dos décadas de programas de regeneración urbana en Barcelona: sistema de indicadores para la evaluación de su impacto = Two decades of urban regeneration programs in Barcelona: System of indicators to assess their impact","authors":"Mar Esteve-Güell","doi":"10.20868/ciur.2022.143.5004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2022.143.5004","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Los programas de regeneración urbana que se han aplicado en un gran número de ciudades europeas a partir de la creación del programa Urban requieren de sistemas de evaluación rigurosos, comprensivos y homologables. Sin embargo, la medida del impacto de estas intervenciones entraña múltiples dificultades. El presente estudio constituye una aportación de carácter metodológico a los procedimientos de medida del impacto de estos programas. Así, propone la creación de un sistema de indicadores y ensaya su aplicación a través de la evaluación del impacto de los últimos dos programas realizados en Barcelona. Dicha evaluación persigue medir el impacto en distintos campos temáticos, a largo plazo y en diversas áreas de intervención con un método de comparación basado en la identificación de un grupo de control. Los resultados muestran la efectividad del sistema de indicadores propuesto y, en particular, la utilidad de la articulación del sistema de indicadores en campos temáticos.Abstract The urban regeneration programs that have been applied in many European cities since the creation of the Urban program require rigorous, comprehensive, and standardized systems of evaluation. However, measuring the impact of these interventions involves multiple difficulties. This study constitutes a methodological contribution to the procedures for measuring the impact of these programs. Thus, it proposes the creation of a system of indicators and tests its application through the evaluation of the impact of the last two urban regeneration programs carried out in the city of Barcelona. This evaluation seeks to measure the impact in different thematic fields, in the long term and in various areas of intervention with a comparison method based on the identification of a control group. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed system of indicators and the usefulness of the articulation of the indicators system in thematic fields.","PeriodicalId":32221,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45672172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livelihood strategies to address water induced vulnerability on marginal settlements: Lessons from Northern Mozambique and Mumbai","authors":"Anubhav Goyal, Joana Pereira","doi":"10.20868/ciur.2022.143.4999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2022.143.4999","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIncrease in water induced risks are realized with marginal settlements being more vulnerable due to limited adaptive capacity. The challenge put forward by climate change, in absence of adequate formal strategies, has forced the dwellers of marginal settlements, over the years, to adopt local adaptation strategies to survive the risk and live in harmony with water. The highly diverse characteristics based on livelihoods and social networks provide for adaptive capacity of the dwellers. The objective of the paper is to identify these strategies based on livelihoods or the daily activities of the dwellers within the marginal settlements in different territories. Rural marginal communities in Northern Mozambique and urban in Mumbai are assessed by direct observations, interpretation from collected images and literature review to present a framework of strategies based on livelihoods. Result provides for holistic findings that contribute to the lexicon of water-risk adaptation for marginal settlements in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":32221,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41859068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercambios de experiencias e ideas en torno a la teoría e historia y los nuevos retos urbano-territoriales en el S.XXI","authors":"Emilia Román López, Melisa Pesoa Marcilla, Joaquín Sabaté Bel","doi":"10.20868/ciur.2022.143.4994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2022.143.4994","url":null,"abstract":"ResumenEl presente número de CIUR recoge algunas de las contribuciones presentadas en decimocuarta edición del Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo (SIIU), celebrada en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, y presentadas durante los días 16 y 17 de junio de 2022.","PeriodicalId":32221,"journal":{"name":"Cuadernos de Investigacion Urbanistica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45775900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}