Linnaeus Eco-Tech最新文献

{"title":"The role of solid waste management system in increase of security by power resources","authors":"V. Chekalin, Maria Lioubarskaya","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.004","url":null,"abstract":"In modem conditions questions of efficient management of power resources get very actualmeaning, The urgency of these problems is caused by many reasons, including:Limitedness of the natural resources used for manufacture of energy ( oil, gas, coal);Increasing of expenses at extraction of natural resources and their delivery to objects ofenergy manufacturing in connection with development of deposits in more remote places;A high level of environmental contamination at use of traditional energy sources,Therefore usage of nonconventional ecologically pure energy sources can give us a goodopportunity to increase of security by power resources, As such sources we could use, forexample, various types of waste: agricultural, industrial and also household solid waste,These types of waste now are available in sufficient quantity in each country and their sourcenever will run out Besides in Russia acutely there is a problem of household solid wastemanagement, the volumes which one rise with each year, and the adequate ways of theirutilization miss, Thus usage of a household solid waste as a nonconventional ecologicallypure energy source allows simultaneously to decide two problems: to increase security bypower resources of the Russian regions and to find an effective way of household solid wasteutilization,","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132453189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biowaste recycling technologies in Latvia","authors":"K. Mezapuke, R. Bendere, D. Zarina, L. Dubova","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.011","url":null,"abstract":"Protection of environment is a worldwide problem. Generation of organic waste is increasingand strategies for its environmentally sound use must be developed and optimised.Accumulation of great quantities of organic wastes leads to the serious environmentalproblems: polluted water, contaminated soils, polluted air and solid wastes. Waste watertreatment plants produce in large quantities sewage sludge. Among the different types ofmunicipal organic wastes sewage sludge is the main product.Waste Management plan for Latvia sets that disposed biodegradable waste amount till 2010must not exceed 75 % from the biodegradable waste amount disposed in 1995. Proposal forthe Strategy on biodegradable waste management were elaborated by Waste ManagementAssociation of Latvia (WMAL), and in collaboration with Institute of Microbiology andBiotechnology, University of Latvia an approbation of organic municipal waste compostingtechnologies is performed in the frames of LIFE - ENVIRONMENT program project in Rigadistrict.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133110657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy from domestic refuse by enzymatic degradation of cellulosic fibre waste into sugars and ethanol: initial laboratory studies","authors":"P. Randerson, B. Dancer","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.013","url":null,"abstract":"The search for commercially viable biogenic sources of transport fuel, such as ethanol, is nowa priority among developed countries. Sugar- and starch-containing crops currently supportmature industries producing ethanol by yeast fermentation. The potential of bulk plantmaterials (biomass crops, agricultural wastes and domestic refuse) is enormous, but suchligno-cellulosic compounds are difficult to degrade into simple sugar molecules. In the USAand Canada, commercial development programmes are under way to develop new enzymaticand fermentation technologies and to reduce process costs.We investigated the potential of processed waste material derived from domestic refuse as asource of simple sugars for conversion to ethanol. \"Pure\" cellulose was almost completelydegraded to reducing sugars by cellulase C0I3L, a mixed enzyme preparation, and byTrichoderma viride cellulase, whereas enzymes from other fungal species performed lesswell. T viride achieved less than I 0% (by weight) conversion of waste material to reducingsugars in 2 hour incubations, whereas C013L cellulase gave sugar yields of up to 35%.Extended incubation times gave little increase in yield. These results support the feedstockpotential of this material. Alternative techniques, such as pre-treatment with ferulic acidesterase to improve the effectiveness of degradation, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133129793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A problem of toxic waste of St Petersburg","authors":"I. Luchkina, S. Kirsanov","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.010","url":null,"abstract":"21 century is remarkable for a prompt growth of manufacture which provides an environmentwith huge quantity of the waste leading its degradation and creating the real threat to healthand people's life. Considering the high importance of a problem of the reference with waste,it is important to expand researches in this direction. This problem can be solved by combinedefforts of scientists and experts of various fields of knowledge.The problem of the use of waste begins with their formation at the plants, factories etc. InSaint-Petersburg and Leningrad region operate about 20 000 enterprises on which are formedabout 40000 tons of liquid and about 5 million square meters of firm waste a year. Use,neutralization and transportation of waste is carried out by enterprises if they have for thispurpose technological and technical opportunities, and by organizations, engaged to work ingiven kinds of activity. Waste which cannot be used is buried what means it is kept isolated inspecial storehouses for a purpose of prevention the environment.By the decision of the government in 1967 in 30 kilometers from Saint-Petersburg and 4.5kilometers from the town Kolpino (where live about 140 000 citizens nowadays) has beencreated a Range for reception and distribution of all toxic waste of the region. This place waschosen because beds of blue Cambrian loam are close to the earth level. Their thickness isabout 80 meters. The process of treatment of the waste is quite easy: the upper level of loamysoil was thrown away and deep foundation pits were dug in a loam to put in all poison waste.Nobody paid attention to the fact that in 3 kilometer sanitary-protective zone several villagesare located and not far from it there is a watershed of the rivers Neva, Izhora and Tosna.About 40 years have passed. The Range which had been creating for about 15-20 yearsbecame one of the most dreadful potential dangers for the whole Baltic region. About severalmillions of cubes of different kinds of poisons and toxicants are kept within 80 hectares of theRange. Foundation pits' contents affect the environment and is dangerous a lot for thepeople's health. Cambrian loam is heterogeneous and has a lot of clefts and send layers. It isnecessary to build cutting wall which would not allow to creep away the toxic waste. It isnecessary to carry out researches of seismicity of this area to understand the degree of risk. Itis impossible to predict what consequences will be in case of an extreme situation.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127425247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface activity of humic substances depending on their origin","authors":"O. Purmalis, M. Kļaviņš","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.058","url":null,"abstract":"Humic substances are a general category of naturally occurring, biogenic, heterogeneousorganic substances that can be characterised as being yellow to black in colour, of highmolecular weight and refractory. Surface tension measurement defined humic substances assurface active substances. Unless micellar structural model of humic substances has beensuggested, in the same time there are only a few studies about the factors that affect thesurface activity of humic solutions. The objective of this study was to study changes insurface activity depending on the origin and properties of humic substances.The surface tension-pH curves of humic substances featured a minimum for all solutions,declining steeply from higher and lower pH values. The decrease in surface tension withdecreasing pH reflects the gradual neutralization of acidic sites, which created amphiphilicspecies that migrated to the surface. Surface tension of solutions of humic substancesdecreased with increasing concentration, as well as in presence of metal salts. Manyindustrially produced humic materials demonstrated no or insignificant impact on surfacetension of their solutions, but humic substances isolated from natural environments (water,soil, peat, sediments) demonstrated significant impact of surface tension of their solutions.Thus there exist direct links between origin, structure of humic substances and their ability toinfluence surface tension of aquatic solutions.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127210528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport processes of an ionic liquid in various soils","authors":"W. Mrozik, C. Jungnickel, P. Stepnowski","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.056","url":null,"abstract":"Ionic liquids are a new class of chemicals which are finding application in a wide varietyof chemical processes. Due to the wide range of possible application in industrialprocesses, the ionic liquids should be evaluated before they enter the environment. Aspart of a sustainable development of chemicals, the fate of the chemical needs to beassessed and interactions characterized. Soils form an essential part of this assessment.This study defines and evaluates interaction of an ionic liquid, l -butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, with the soil component. This entity was chosendue to its frequent applicability in various organic and catalytic processes and it is likelythat it will be soon produced on an industrial scale.Aim of our work focused on the assessment of the partition coefficients of ionic liquidwith different types of saturated soils. The soils used in the experiment were forestry soil,agricultural soil, fluvial agricultural soil, fluvial meadow soil and kaolinite. The partitioncoefficients were determined using equilibrium batch tests. The influences of other factorssuch as pH or ionic strength on sorption dependency of the ionic liquid were also studied.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131679411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in early ontogenesis for the water toxicity assessment","authors":"N. Kazlauskienė, M. Vosylienė, Egle Ratkelyte, Vilmantė Karlavičienė, W. Hogland","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.052","url":null,"abstract":"Toxicity of some heavy metals (HM), heavy metal model mixture (HMMM), orimulsion, crudeoil and water of some biotopes of Lake Druksiai was evaluated by use of the fish in all stages ofdevelopment (embryos, larvae, adult fish). The rainbow trout was very sensitive test-organism tothe effect of different kind pollutants and the most sensitive to the impact of pollutants were fishat early stages of development i.e. larvae and embryos. The integrated biological parameters offish at all stages of development (survival, growth rate, and relative mass increase) were the mostsensitive ones. In accordance with the sensitivity to the impact of heavy metals, animals in theearliest stages of their development were more sensitive than plants, but the plants in some caseswere more sensitive to heavy metals than adult fish. Therefore, plants as well as animals -rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of different life stages, as test-organisms, arerecommended for the inclusion of the complex biotests for the assessment of the impact of heavymetals. The complex of the most sensitive parameters investigated of rainbow trout can besuccessfully used for the water toxicity assessment containing different kind pollutants. The dataobtained let predict the impact of pollution not only to the physiological status of aquaticorganisms but as well as to their survival in natural water bodies.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129971577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sludge and waste water application for energy plantation - case study from Lodz region in Poland","authors":"A. Karczmarczyk, H. Komorowski, J. Mosiej","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.051","url":null,"abstract":"Within renewable energy sources available in Poland, biomass seems to have the largestpotential, estimated to 90%, About 70% of renewable energy should be obtained fromagricultural production of energy plants. Climatic conditions in Poland (vegetation period of210-215 days and precipitation of 500-700 mm) are profitable for willow plantation. Thenatural productivity can be as high as 14 Mg d,m. per ha, However, the productivity can beincreased by using waste water for irrigation and sludge for fertilisation,For decades an area of 4 500 ha of Ner River valley was used as a part of municipalwastewater treatment system for Lodz city, The valley has specific soil-water conditions withdeep sandy alluvial soils and shallow groundwater table. During the irrigation process theinflow of wastewater on an artificially formed border check infiltrates into the soil and fillsthe available porosity.Average outflow from wastewater treatment plant in Lodz (2 m3/s) and sludge dailyproduction of30 - 35 Mg d. m. (app, 170 Mg dewatering sludge) can be utilised on energybiomass plantation ( e.g. Salix Viminalis or grasslands) located in the Ner River valley","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132200603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some aspects of restoration of degradated sewage receivers","authors":"H. Komorowski, A. Karczmarczyk, J. Mosiej","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.053","url":null,"abstract":"Bottom sediments are naturally connected with water body of the river and it is essential inpollutant balance, Natural phosphorus cycle in water environment is sedimentation cycle,Once introduced to water ecosystem can be removed by different chemical, biological andphysical processes and loses its environmental mobility as a sediment component,In studied case the contaminants load was radically reduced by construction of wastewatertreatment plant in city of Lodz, But the water quality improvement was not commensurate tothis reduction, Such situation could be the result of increased phosphorus release fromsediments deposed in the course of decades in river bed, On the distance the phosphateconcentration increases up to 25 km downstream the WWfP outlet and it can not beexplained by other pollution sources. The phosphorus content in the sediment is as high as 27 1 mg kg- dw, The equilibrium phosphate concentration (EPCo) experiment showed that itcould be released to water body, The preliminary results showed that EPCo value exceed in 3 some points limit polish water quality norm and amount to 1.2 mg PO4 dm- in oxic condition,","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128150387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veronica becabonga L. as a hyperaccumulatorplant for cadmium","authors":"N. Hosseini, M. Mahdiyeh, Hossein Salehi","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.050","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal pollution of water is a major environmental problem facing the modem world.The major objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of water-speedwell plant,Veronica becabonga L. to uptake and accumulate heavy metal cadmium under greenhouseconditions, Veronica becabonga L., were cultured in 3% Hoagland's nutrient medium, whichwas supplemented with 0, 25, 50,100, 200, 300 mg/I of Cd(NO3)2 4H2O over one weektreatment period. Plants were harvested at the end of this period and heavy metals from theentire shoot tissue was extracted using the closed Teflon vessel method and metal content inthe extract was estimated using a Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The resultsshowed that the uptake and accumulation of Cd in V becabonga L. showed significantincrease when metal concentration was increased. The highest amount of Cd accumulationwas detected at 100mg/I Cd(NO3)24H2O in the culture solution that was 20660.3 mg/kg DWof shoots. The linear pattern of uptake suggest the involvement of both active and passivetransport mechanisms for Cd uptake, Finally, since the high concentrations cadmiumaccumulation in shoots of plants has far exceeded 0.01% DW V becabonga L. is ahyperaccumulator plant for this metal and has potential for phytoremediation of watercontaminated with cadmium,","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134409013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}