Linnaeus Eco-Tech最新文献

{"title":"Physico-chemical studies of water quality of Singanallur lake, Coimbatore, south India","authors":"M. Ramesh","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.030","url":null,"abstract":"Water pollution is a major environmental problem in India, especially pollution of rivers, lakesand ponds caused by people's daily activities but also by industry, The growing population andthe contaminated growth in agriculture, rapid urbanization and industrialization, have led to anincreasing demand for water. In India, pollution from various sources is seriously degradingfreshwater sources, Coimbatore is the second largest city in TamilNadu, South India. There aremore than 25,000 small, medium, large and tiny industries and textile mills. The unplanned anduncontrolled expansion of Coimbatore has brought in its wake serious pressures on its naturalresources.Singanallur Lake (major source for irrigation) is situated between 10', 56' 46' latitude and 77'0 I' 11\" longitudes at Southwest of Coimbatore city, South India. The lake with an area of 835 m2is divided into two equal halves having a connection for water in between. The south half of thelake receives freshwater only during rainy reason from Noyyal River (highly polluted river)through a canal and north half receives urban, domestic and industrial wastewater. During rainyseason storm water and road runoff enters the lake through Sanganoor pallam. The catchmentarea is 125 km2 comprising a part of Coimbatore urban and suburban areas. The present studywas carried out over a period of January 2004 - December 2004 and the sample was collected at30 days interval in two zones namely, middle zone and sewage mixing zone.The study depicts high level of pollution at sampling station near sewage mixing zone. The physicochemical parameters like BOD, COD, DO, solids, chlorides, carbonates etc., are exceeding safelimits. The lake with such high level of pollutants is unfit for irrigation.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114493270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioremediation of AOX from pulp and paper industry wastewater and AOX contaminated soils","authors":"N. Deshmukh, K. L. Lapsiya, D. Savant, A. Mujumdar, D. Ranade","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.049","url":null,"abstract":"Bleaching of paper pulp with chlorine/ chlorine derivatives leads to formation of severalorganochlorine compounds. These compounds are collectively termed as \"Adsorbable OrganicHalides\" (AOX). Toxic effects of AOX are well documented. Analysis of various wastewaters,soils irrigated with wastewater and sludge show significant levels of AOX. This is a potentialthreat to the environment. Physical and chemical methods of AOX removal are not economical.Hence, bioremediation technology needs to be developed for effective, ecofriendly andeconomical management of AOX containing waste. With this aim, anaerobic biofilm reactors(7.2L) were developed in our laboratory. Anaerobic cultures degrading chlorophenols wereenriched and a consortium of such enrichments was used as the inoculum for the reactors. Thereactors were fed with nutrient medium and run at 20 days HRT and at 30 °c. Degradation of 2,4dichlorophenol (2,4 DCP) was studied at 100 ppm, 300 ppm and 600 ppm and 96.7, 74.5 and56.8 % dechlorination was observed, respectively. Anaerobic degradation at varyingconcentration of AOX from bleach composite wastewater (BCWW) was studied. Reactors fedwith 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 % BCWW v/v showed 62.9, 56.5, 55.9 and 27.1% AOX degradation,respectively. The results suggest feasibility of treating the BCWW stream separately in anaerobicreactor and then mixing the effluent with composite wastewater. The treatment will ensureprevention of AOX pollution. Fish toxicity bioassays are being carried out to study safe disposalof treated wastewater in natural water bodies. Aerobic cultures degrading different chlorophenolswere isolated. Using a consortium of these cultures bioremediation studies on AOX contaminatedsoils have been initiated.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116267861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of anionic surfactants in the bioremediation of oil-polluted soil","authors":"A. Selberg, J. Budashova, K. Uiga, T. Tenno","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.041","url":null,"abstract":"Surfactants are applied as emulsifiers or solubilizers by treatment of polluted soil. Theproblem of secondary pollution has arisen as result of the surfactant-enhanced remediation ofa polluted soil contaminated with hydrophobic organic compounds. Several studies haveshown that the surfactants are biodegradable in aerobic conditions and the biodegradabilitydepended on the chemical properties and concentration of surfactant. A study of the leachingof surfactants from the soil is important, as it is difficult to identify the reason for thereduction of concentration of pollutants in the soil: is it degradation or leaching? Theexperiments were carried out with a fine sandy soil in column tests and CaCO3 was added toincrease soil pH. The soil was treated twice with the bioremediation agent SR-100. The soilpH, the concentrations of anionic surfactant and petroleum hydrocarbons at the differentdepths of soil were determined. The microbial activity of soil fractions was evaluated byrespirometer. The concentration of surfactants was determined colorimetrically as MethyleneBlue active substances (MBAS). The concentration of anionic surfactants decreased in theupper layer of the columns, but it increased in the lower layers. It indicated the leaching ofthe anionic surfactants from soil during experiments of 60 days. The amounts of residualsurfactants were lower in the samples of polluted soil in comparison with unpolluted soil. Thesamples of lower soil fractions had higher microbial activity in comparison with upperfractions. Soil pH was measured as pHH20, pHKcl and pHcac12 instead of the pH of soilsolution, because soil was too dry. The pH of fine sandy soil was 5.8 and during theexperiment the value of pH increased in the lower layer of soil till pHH20 = 7.5.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114904708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal removal from stormwater runoff by sorption","authors":"Hulya Genr-Fuhrman, P. Mikkelsen, A. Ledin","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.022","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, several sorbents (i.e. alumina, activated bauxsol coated sand (ABCS), bark,bauxsol coated sand (BCS), fly ash (FA), granulated activated carbon (GAC), iron oxidecoated sand (IOCS), natural zeolite (NZ), sand, and spine!) are investigated with the longterm goal of developing a feasible technology for heavy metal removal during secondarytreatment of storm water. The sorbents are tested in batch tests for their As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni andZn removal efficiency from synthetic stormwater samples, where all of these metals coexisted at a starting pH of 6.5. It is found that each sorbent has different affinity to the heavymetals, with heavy metal cations (i.e. Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn) removed more effectively thanheavy metal anions (i.e. As and Cr) by all sorbents except IOCS, which has a high affinitytowards As. The results further indicated that alumina and BCS outperform the other sorbents,possibly due to high surface area of alumina and the favourable sorption sites of BCS;whereas NZ, sand and bark were the least efficient. On the other hand, although FAeffectively retained Cd, Ni and Zn, the leaching of As, Cr, and Cu is a concern.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133508595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoremediation of landfill leachate in constructed wetland","authors":"J. Truu, Jaanis Juhanson, M. Kriipsalu, Maril Seene","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.046","url":null,"abstract":"The integrated remediation plan of the Laguja landfill, Estonia, includes creation of aconstructed wetland for treatment of landfill leachate. A mesocosm experiment wasconducted in order to estimate the impact of different plant species on purification efficiencyof wetland. The quality of water in mesocosms was monitored during vegetation period. Allplant treatments enhanced reduction of organic matter (BOD: 87-96%, COD: ca 30%, TOC:ca 50%) as well as ammonia and total nitrogen in water compared to unplanted control.Presence of plants enhanced biodegradative bacterial abundance and activity as well asmetabolic diversity of microbial community in water. Water samples from all plant treatmentswere characterized by distinct microbial communities as revealed by molecular fingerprintingtechniques. Most different from the rest of microbial communities were water samples frommesocosm with plants on floating mats. Our results show that in free-water constructedwetlands with vegetation the purification efficiency is not dependent on plant species, whilestructure of water microbial community differs due to plant species.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121539082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological aspects of an industrial landfill","authors":"P. Kängsepp, P. Dahlblom, W. Hogland","doi":"10.15626/ECO-TECH.2005.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/ECO-TECH.2005.023","url":null,"abstract":"A water balance for a landfill in the South-West of Sweden has been performed. The waterbalance is based on measured values of leachate and calculated values of potentialevaporation using Penman's equation. The calculations include a period of 6 years (1995-200 I). During this period, the yearly precipitation was 6 I 0-1180 mm in the Halmstad area. Itwas concluded that the total storage of leachate in the landfill and in the ponds increased withtime. If increasing tendency will proceed then the amount of leachate generated might behigher during the next years and similar to results found in the literature. There is a need forthe more physical based model, the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP)model, for calculation in order to take into account the top cover soils and vegetationinfluence.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"45 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134277479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New stormwater priority pollutants: comparison with international classifications, quality criteria and monitoring programs","authors":"E. Eriksson, A. Baun, P. Mikkelsen, A. Ledin","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.021","url":null,"abstract":"Stonnwater discharges are generated by rain runoff from land and impervious areas such asroads, parking lots, and roofs during rainfall and snowmelt events. It contains an array ofdifferent pollutants such as organic matter, particles, heavy metals, inorganic trace elementsand xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs). It is important to consider the hazards concerningthese pollutants when considering design of monitoring strategies, comparing differenthandling strategies for stonnwater utilisation, treatment methods and discharge to receivingwaters.In the EU 5FP funded Daywater project a list of selected stonnwater priority pollutants(SSPP) was identified, which has been used for assessing pollutant sources and fluxes,behaviour and fate during passage through best management practices (BMPs) and theenvironmental risk associated with their subsequent dispersal. The methodology used;Chemical Hazard Identification and Assessment Tool (CHIAT) aims at selecting relevantSSPP e.g. and can be used for development and evaluation of monitoring programmes.The Daywater SSPP-list consists of water quality parameters (BOD, COD, SS, nitrogen, pHand phosphorus); metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Pt and Zn); PAHs (naphthalene, pyrene andbenzo[a]pyrene); herbicides (pendimethalin, phenmedipham, glyphosate and terbutylazine);and other XOCs (nonylphenol ethoxylates, pentachlorophenol, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,PCB-28 and MTBE) representing persistent, ubiquitous compounds and compounds derivingfrom specific anthropogenic sources.The list was compared with data found within the Danish nation-wide monitoringprogrammes for the aquatic environment (NOV A2003 and NOV ANA); European monitoringprogrammes; pollutant registers; individual European legislation; as well as quality criteriaand limit values. The comparison reveals differences since most of these are set on arbitrarycriteria or focuses on the current EU legislation. Overlaps was found with the studiedprogrammes, but also some \"new\" compounds was selected; platinum, herbicides and MTBEwhich indicate that revision of existing monitoring programmes is needed and that stonnwatercontains more hazardous pollutants than previously anticipated.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116326744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods of monitoring of waste water treatment efficiency","authors":"L. Augulyte, P. Bergqvist, A. Žaliauskienė","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.019","url":null,"abstract":"One major result of implementing the Water Frame Directive (WFD) for the water industry is the likelihood of more stringent requirements for the efficiency of removal of the pollutants included in the list of WFD priority substances. During the last decade, an ongoing debate on the technical aspects of water treatment and on the fate and effects of its constituents after discharge are taking place. Due to the recent development of analytical techniques, the knowledge about the chemistry and toxicology of the waste water has increased considerable. Characterization of the oil treatment efficiency by total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration (TPH) is not sufficient any more. Waste water before and after treatment should be characterized by toxicity and amounts of the individual compounds and mixtures which trigger the toxicity. In the situations where more efficient oil removal from waste water is required to meet the requirements, there are a number of treatment options available, including some tertiary (\"polishing\") treatment systems. New generation tertiary wastewater treatment system for removal or reducing of the oil compounds, including dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bearing along most toxic potential, was developed under a Eureka funded project. The new waste water treatment system involves novel monitoring device to verify that the dissolved and bioavailable fraction of the contaminants are degraded, and that the final effluent is cleaner also from a toxicity point of view. Previous studies showed that more toxic compounds might be produced during the treatment process due to the transformation of the original chemicals. The monitoring device consists of a membrane-based diffusive, time integrative (2-30 days) sampler. The newly developed fast analytical method for the analysis of membrane extracts enable to give us information on the dissolved concentrations for more than 80 oil related compounds in the effluents as well as the toxicity results, by using standard bio-assay tests. Moreover the monitoring system is capable to accurately sample most of the WFD priority substances in waste water treatment effluent waters. lt was found that some of the compounds were effectively removed in waste water treatment plant (WWTP), but other compounds remained in the dissolved phase at the same concentrations. Furthermore, volatilization of low molecular weight PAHs during the treatment process was studied by means of the new monitoring system, resulting in the identification of significant release of WFD pollutants to the air. The changes in time-integrative toxicity during the treatment process were evaluated by standard ecotoxicity analysis using the same membrane extracts. The three bio-assays used were Daphnia magna, Microtox and Algal but also other organism- or cell test systems will be tested further. Our developed monitoring device is the state-of-art method for screening for environmental toxicity by integrating biologically an","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124718225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of MSW in a biocellreactor","authors":"Dan Waldemarson","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.017","url":null,"abstract":"At Hyllstofta waste treatment plant municipal solid waste (MSW), pre-treated biodegradableindustrial and sludge are treated in biocellreactor (BCR),","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123457642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of solid waste management for recreation zones of St Petersburg","authors":"V. Zakrzhevsky, A. Konga","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.018","url":null,"abstract":"More than 1.5 million city dwellers spend every summer in their garden houses in the sitesaround St Petersburg. Really it is a land of the Leningrad region. Total amount of solid wastefrom them is about 72.1 thousand ton per year. It is about 20% of total amount of waste frompermanent habitants of these places. Besides 724.6 ton of waste per year is from short-termrecreants who visit forests, lakes, rivers and other places for rest. The morphological structureof solid waste from the recreants essentially differs from structure of city waste: shares ofmetals and plastics are much more.The most problem is that there is no a legal solid waste management system for recreants.One of the reasons is that recreants use territories outside places of living for permanentinhabitants. As a result numerous landfills have been appeared during last years. Dangerouscontamination of surrounded soil and water is obvious. No special control from localauthorities is existed. There is an urgent task to develop local legislation for recreant solidwaste management. Unfortunately the Leningrad region has rather aged solid wastemanagement. Practically only landfilling is used for solid waste. In the case of using onlylandfilling for recreant waste it is needed at least 4 7 ha of lands for new landfills.The most reasonable alternative is a joint solid waste management for both permanenthabitants and recreants. It will allow reducing cost of the whole system. In this case it will beeasier to attract investment for introducing the appropriate system basing on modemtechnologies. Experience of Finland when neighboring municipalities combine their resourcesfor solving this problem is the best way also for St Petersburg. In this case different methodsof waste processing can be used: compost digesting, incineration, recycling and landfilling forthe rest waste.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122362649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}