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Issues in Rural Health: How Will Measures to Control Medicare Spending Affect Rural Communities? 农村卫生问题:控制医疗保险支出的措施将如何影响农村社区?
Agricultural Information Bulletins Pub Date : 1997-03-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.262108
P. Frenzen
{"title":"Issues in Rural Health: How Will Measures to Control Medicare Spending Affect Rural Communities?","authors":"P. Frenzen","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.262108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.262108","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Medicare program provides subsidized health insurance for one in every seven Americans. Medicare covers a higher proportion of rural than urban residents because rural residents are more likely to be elderly or disabled persons entitled to benefits. The rapid growth of Medicare expenditures has prompted legislative proposals to control the increase in spending. This report finds that the proposals may have a greater effect on rural than urban communities due to the higher proportion of Medicare beneficiaries in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":320670,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Information Bulletins","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131813377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in the Social and Economic Status of Women by Metro-Nonmetro Residence 都市与非都市居住对女性社会经济地位的影响
Agricultural Information Bulletins Pub Date : 1997-02-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.262107
C. Rogers
{"title":"Changes in the Social and Economic Status of Women by Metro-Nonmetro Residence","authors":"C. Rogers","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.262107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.262107","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1980 and the mid-1990's, the earnings of American women and men became more equal. The narrowing of the earnings gap reflects a number of changes in women's life experiences (delayed marriage and childbearing, increased labor force participation, greater educational equity with men), as well as lower wages for men. This study presents a review and an appraisal of the advancement of women, especially nonmetropolitan women, during the 1980's and mid-1990's. High poverty rates among nonmetro women are cause for public policy concern. This report originated from a request to review the Draft Platform for Action for the Fourth U.N. World Conference on Women held in September 1995 in Beijing, China.","PeriodicalId":320670,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Information Bulletins","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123423015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Taxing Snack Foods: What to Expect for Diet and Tax Revenues 对零食征税:饮食和税收的预期
Agricultural Information Bulletins Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.33607
F. Kuchler, A. Tegene, J. M. Harris
{"title":"Taxing Snack Foods: What to Expect for Diet and Tax Revenues","authors":"F. Kuchler, A. Tegene, J. M. Harris","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.33607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.33607","url":null,"abstract":"Health researchers and health policy advocates have proposed levying excise taxes on snack foods as a possible way to address the growing prevalence of obesity and overweight in the United States. Some proposals suggest higher prices alone will change consumers' diets. Others claim that change will be possible if earmarked taxes are used to fund an information program. This research examines the potential impact of excise taxes on snack foods, using baseline data from a household survey of food purchases. To illustrate likely impacts, we examine how much salty snack purchases might be reduced under varying excise tax rates and possible consumer price responses. We find that relatively low tax rates of 1 cent per pound and 1 percent of value would not appreciably alter consumption - and, thus, would have little effect on diet quality or health outcomes - but would generate $40-$100 million in tax revenues.","PeriodicalId":320670,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Information Bulletins","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127353794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 69
Structural and Financial Characteristics of U.S. Farms, 1995: 20th Annual Family Farm Report to Congress 美国农场的结构和财务特征，1995年:提交国会的第20届家庭农场年度报告
Agricultural Information Bulletins Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.262106
J. Sommer, R. Hoppe, R. C. Green, Penelope J. Korb
{"title":"Structural and Financial Characteristics of U.S. Farms, 1995: 20th Annual Family Farm Report to Congress","authors":"J. Sommer, R. Hoppe, R. C. Green, Penelope J. Korb","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.262106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.262106","url":null,"abstract":"National average statistics related to farm production mask the diversity in the Nation's 2 million farms and the people who operate them. Farms in the United States differ not only by size (sales and acres) and type of production, but also by organizational characteristics (land ownership, legal organization, contracting arrangements) and financial characteristics (debt, assets, income, expenditures). Farm operators and their households vary with respect to demographic characteristics (occupation, age, education), financial characteristics (dependence on farm income, operator/spouse labor allocation), and management characteristics (information sources, business goals).","PeriodicalId":320670,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Information Bulletins","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126828471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
PUBLIC SECTOR PLANT BREEDING IN A PRIVATIZING WORLD 私有化世界中的公共部门植物育种
Agricultural Information Bulletins Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.33775
C. Thirtle, C. Srinivasan, P. Heisey
{"title":"PUBLIC SECTOR PLANT BREEDING IN A PRIVATIZING WORLD","authors":"C. Thirtle, C. Srinivasan, P. Heisey","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.33775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.33775","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual property protection, globalization, and pressure on public budgets in many industrialized countries have shifted the balance of plant breeding activity from the public to the private sector. Several economic factors influence the relative shares of public versus private sector plant breeding activity, with varying results over time, over country, and over crop. The private sector, for example, dominates corn breeding throughout the industrialized world, but public and private activities in wheat breeding differ widely in Western Europe, different regions of the United States, Canada, and Australia. Public sector involvement in plant breeding may have benefits to society that the private sector's activities may not, fostering greater sharing of information and more work on traits of plant varieties (such as environmental suitability and nutritional characteristics) that may be under-researched by private breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":320670,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Information Bulletins","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115204250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 64
How Much Would Increasing the Minimum Wage Affect Food Prices 提高最低工资对食品价格的影响有多大
Agricultural Information Bulletins Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.33598
Chinkook Lee, G. Schluter, Brian O’Roark
{"title":"How Much Would Increasing the Minimum Wage Affect Food Prices","authors":"Chinkook Lee, G. Schluter, Brian O’Roark","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.33598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.33598","url":null,"abstract":"Will increasing the minimum wage increase food prices as well? This study shows that a simulated $0.50 increase in the minimum wage, if entirely passed on to consumers, would have increased food prices by less than 1 percent for most of the foods at foodstores and by 1 percent at eating and drinking places. Because these estimates were simulated using an economic model that assumed that firms did not alter their production processes when faced with higher minimum wages, these estimates are likely \"upward bounds\" of the price effects of a minimum wage increase.","PeriodicalId":320670,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Information Bulletins","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114731689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Agricultural Productivity in the United States 美国的农业生产力
Agricultural Information Bulletins Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.33687
M. Ahearn, J. Yee, V. E. Ball, R. Nehring
{"title":"Agricultural Productivity in the United States","authors":"M. Ahearn, J. Yee, V. E. Ball, R. Nehring","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.33687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.33687","url":null,"abstract":"Increased productivity is a key to a healthy and thriving economy. Consequently, the trend in productivity, economywide, is one of the most closely watched of our common economic performance indicators. Agriculture, in particular, has been a very successful sector of the U.S. economy in terms of productivity growth. The U.S. farm sector has provided an abundance of output while using inputs efficiently. Agricultural productivity growth has been an important source of U.S. economic growth throughout the century, but the years since 1940 have seen an even faster growth in agricultural productivity. The annual average increase in productivity from 1948 to 1994 was 1.94 percent. This reflects an annual growth in output of 1.88 percent per year and an actual decline in agricultural inputs of 0.06 percent per year. This report describes changes in U.S. agricultural productivity, and its output and input components, for 1948-94. The report also discusses factors that have affected productivity trends and provides detailed, technical information about the USDA system for calculating productivity.","PeriodicalId":320670,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Information Bulletins","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131568079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 141
Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet 离家在外的食物对美国人的饮食质量越来越重要
Agricultural Information Bulletins Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.33733
B. Lin, E. Frazão, J. Guthrie
{"title":"Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet","authors":"B. Lin, E. Frazão, J. Guthrie","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.33733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.33733","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing popularity of dining out over the past two decades has raised the proportion of nutrients obtained from away-from-home food sources. Between 1977 and 1995, home foods significantly improved their nutritional quality, more so than away-from-home foods, which typically contained more of the nutrients overconsumed (fat and saturated fat) and less of the nutrients underconsumed (calcium, fiber, and iron) by Americans. Since the trend of eating out frequently is expected to continue, strategies to improve the American diet must address consumers' food choices when eating out. This report analyzes food intake survey data collected by USDA over the past two decades to compare the nutritional quality of home and away-from-home foods and examine how the quality has changed over time.","PeriodicalId":320670,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Information Bulletins","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123478689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 342
Breastfeeding Promotion Research: The ES/WIC Nutrition Education Initiative and Economic Considerations 母乳喂养促进研究:ES/WIC营养教育倡议和经济考虑
Agricultural Information Bulletins Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.33665
J. Weimer
{"title":"Breastfeeding Promotion Research: The ES/WIC Nutrition Education Initiative and Economic Considerations","authors":"J. Weimer","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.33665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.33665","url":null,"abstract":"Educating low-income women about the advantages of breastfeeding their babies increases the number who breastfeed. This report summarizes the results of four projects that focused primarily on promoting breastfeeding, which is considered to be the most healthful and beneficial feeding method for most infants. Research has shown that breastfeeding improves the general health, growth, and development of infants and significantly reduces the risk of several health problems both during early life and in later years. Lower income women have been less likely to breastfeed than higher income women. One step the USDA has taken to promote breastfeeding is the ES/WIC Nutrition Education Initiative. This combines the strengths of two nutrition programs for low-income families, the Cooperative Extension System's Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program and the Food and Nutrition Service's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. This report shows that breastfeeding education before delivery increases the initiation of breastfeeding among low-income women. The results also indicate that breastfeeding support soon after delivery increases the duration of breastfeeding.","PeriodicalId":320670,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Information Bulletins","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130644897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Trends in the U.S. Sheep Industry 美国羊产业的发展趋势
Agricultural Information Bulletins Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.33681
Keithly G. Jones
{"title":"Trends in the U.S. Sheep Industry","authors":"Keithly G. Jones","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.33681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.33681","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. sheep industry has changed greatly since the end of World War II. Both sheep meat and wool production have seen rapid declines. So, too, have revenues and the number of sheep operations. The wool industry has suffered from increased use of synthetic fivers, which were found to be less expensive than wool and, when blended with natural fibers, more attractive to consumers. Historically, lamb meat was a byproduct of the wool industry, but wool's decline has changed that. Lamb meat production became the emphasis of the sheep industry, but lamb prices have been unable to support a recovery in the sheep industry. U.S. lamb production continues to decline, but with lamb meat imports filling in, expansion and diversification of demand for this meat offers hope for recovery of the U.S. sheep industry.","PeriodicalId":320670,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Information Bulletins","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132916625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
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