{"title":"Artificial apposition compound eye using aspherical cylindrical micro-doublets","authors":"A. Garza-Rivera, F. Renero-Carrillo","doi":"10.1117/12.902149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902149","url":null,"abstract":"An ultrathin objective with the configuration of an artificial apposition compound eye was designed in order to obtain a miniaturized camera. The optical design was based in a nonconventional multi aperture configuration of a diurnal insect eye that uses ommatidia as individual units. An aspherical cylindrical micro doublet (CMD), obtained by ALSIE, is used in this optical design to improve the image quality in more than 200 percent in comparison with the first design with the spherical CMD.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115211018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mendoza-Suárez, H. Pérez-Aguilar, F. Villa-Villa
{"title":"Photonic crystal integrated in a waveguide with periodic roughness","authors":"A. Mendoza-Suárez, H. Pérez-Aguilar, F. Villa-Villa","doi":"10.1117/12.901943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901943","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we consider a waveguide composed of two periodic, perfectly conducting, one-dimensional rough surfaces. This periodic system has a band structure similar in some aspects to a one-dimensional photonic crystal. However our system has some additional interesting features. We calculate the band structure and the reflectivity of a corresponding finite waveguide. We found that the variation of the roughness amplitude and the relative phases allow to control at a certain degree the band structure of the system. Particularly, broad bandgaps can be obtained. The system considered constitutes itself a photonic crystal whose band structure correponds in many ways to a conventional photonic crystal but using just a single material. The key properties of this system are that it really constitutes a waveguide which has integrated a dispositive that acts as a photonic crystal.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115332979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Vázquez-Villa, J. A. Delgado-Atencio, S. Vázquez-Montiel, F. Gutiérrez-Delgado, S. Marcial-Toledo, J. Castro-Ramos, L. Chávez-Mercado
{"title":"Comparative study of OCT and microscopy images: a scaling approach","authors":"A. Vázquez-Villa, J. A. Delgado-Atencio, S. Vázquez-Montiel, F. Gutiérrez-Delgado, S. Marcial-Toledo, J. Castro-Ramos, L. Chávez-Mercado","doi":"10.1117/12.903407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903407","url":null,"abstract":"In this study was made a comparison between the optical coherence tomography and microscope images. We obtain images from different biological tissues, and from a designed epoxy phantom to analyze if the SR-OCT 930 can obtain images similar to microscopy images. The result is that the OCT images and the microscopy images are similar. Also developed a software to analyze the OCT images without distorting the structures in the image when the image is obtain in different image sizes.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"16 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115496133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beam mapping on the orbital Poincaré sphere","authors":"T. Alieva, A. Cámara, M. J. Bastiaans","doi":"10.1117/12.902154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902154","url":null,"abstract":"Representation of two-dimensional optical signals on the orbital angular Poincaré sphere is useful for beam analysis, synthesis and comparison. This mapping is based on the measurement of the second-order moments, which are widely used for beam characterization. It is well known that two second-order moments invariants allow dividing two-dimensional signals into two classes: isotropic and anisotropic. Using the modified Iwasawa decomposition of the ray transformationmatrix and bringing the second-order moments matrix to its diagonalized form, we are able to associate the anisotropic signal with a certain point on the sphere. The latitude of this point describes the vorticity of the signal, while its longitude corresponds to the orientation of the beam's principal axes. Apart from that, the beam's scaling and its curvature can be defined. Before beam comparison, it is thus appropriate to perform first its normalization and mapping on the Poincaré sphere. There are many very different beams associated with the same point and therefore this procedure makes sense for fine analysis of beams whose intensity distributions have similar forms. Moreover, every point on the sphere is associated with an orthonormal set of Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian modes, which can be used for the corresponding beam decomposition that is important for its synthesis and analysis. The developed algorithm for the beam mapping is demonstrated on several examples.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114783728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Barmenkov, S. Kolpakov, A. D. Guzman-Chavez, A. Kir'yanov, M. Andrés, A. Díez, J. Cruz
{"title":"Study of an actively Q-switch erbium-doped fiber laser in symmetric configuration","authors":"Y. Barmenkov, S. Kolpakov, A. D. Guzman-Chavez, A. Kir'yanov, M. Andrés, A. Díez, J. Cruz","doi":"10.1117/12.901238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901238","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the results of theoretical and experimental study of the actively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser realized in symmetric configuration. We extend the traveling wave model to this type of fiber lasers and show that such laser permits one to obtain easily the short giant pulses (17 ns on 3 dB level) with small adjacent subpulses. Our model accounts all point losses including loss on the fiber splices and other intra-cavity devices and also the distributed losses such as the active fiber background loss and loss owing to excited state absorption observed in erbium-doped fibers. We compare the experimental data with the modeling results and reveal their good matching, once the laser parameters are properly accounted in the model.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114715808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mirage is the image of an object in the flat ground surface","authors":"M. Tavassoly, M. Dashtdar","doi":"10.1117/12.901529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901529","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally accepted that mirage is formed when temperature of the ground surface, in a flat area like desert, is higher than the temperatures of the over ground air layers. In this case, light emerging from a distant object makes total internal reflection in the air layers and forms the image of the object that is called mirage. Our investigation on mirage formation in desert indicates that there is no meaningful relation between mirage formation and temperature change over the ground. In addition, we show that, the interference of the lights reflected from different air layers destroys the coherency of the image forming light. This happens because the temperature change occurs in an interval larger than a wavelength. In the second part of the report we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that flat rough surfaces behave like mirrors at very large incident angles. We show that there is a threshold incident angle for observation of image in a rough surface that depends on the surface roughness and light wavelength. The shortest distance between observer and the image is determined by the threshold incident angle. Mirage is such an image. Image formation is studied in rough sheet glass surfaces that prepared by grinding with powders of different sizes.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115063937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis M. Arredondo-Vega, C. Pérez-Santos, Octavio Pompa-Carrera, A. Ruiz-Márquez, José Hurtado-Ortega, G. Páez
{"title":"Optomechanical fabrication of EDiFiSE spectrometer","authors":"Luis M. Arredondo-Vega, C. Pérez-Santos, Octavio Pompa-Carrera, A. Ruiz-Márquez, José Hurtado-Ortega, G. Páez","doi":"10.1117/12.903244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903244","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to describe some optical and mechanical issues relating to the fabrication of the camera and the collimator of the Equalized and Diffraction-Limited Field Spectrograph Experiment (EDiFiSE), an instrument which forms part of a bigger project of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Spain, and that was designed and manufactured within the facilities of Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica in León, México.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"63 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120863739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gildardo-Pablo Lemus-Alonso, A. Cordero-Dávila, R. Izazaga-Pérez
{"title":"Dragging force and astigmatic surface in commercial polishing machines","authors":"Gildardo-Pablo Lemus-Alonso, A. Cordero-Dávila, R. Izazaga-Pérez","doi":"10.1117/12.903405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903405","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that astigmatic surfaces are obtained when surfaces are polished in commercial polishing machines, which are designed to produce surfaces of revolution. The authors of this paper do not know an explanation for this result. In order to understand why the wear is a function of the angular position on the glass, we measured the dragging force applied from a rotating glass to a small fixed tool of Teflon®. These experiments were done for several tool radial positions by using a table travel X-Y. With the aid of a force sensor dragging force as a function of the time was measured. We found that dragging force is a periodic function with fundamental frequency equal to the angular velocity of the glass, indicating that there is more wear on one glass angular position than another. We also found that this result is independent of the radial position of the tool. We used a polisher concentration of 20 degrees Baumé which is recommended by the supplier. And the amount of polisher per time and area units, dragged by the tool, remained constant for each one of the radial positions of the tool.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128701226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Alejo-Molina, J. Sánchez-Mondragón, A. Zamudio-Lara, D. Romero-Antequera, M. Torres-Cisneros, D. Ceballos-Herrera
{"title":"Analytical description of band gaps in a ternary metallo-dielectric stack","authors":"A. Alejo-Molina, J. Sánchez-Mondragón, A. Zamudio-Lara, D. Romero-Antequera, M. Torres-Cisneros, D. Ceballos-Herrera","doi":"10.1117/12.902977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902977","url":null,"abstract":"Metallo Dielectric Photonic Crystals formed by same periodicity metallic inserts in a Dielectric Photonic Crystal show three kind of band gaps, those at the well know dielectric band gap, the ones attributed to the absorption of metal to low frequencies and a new class of metallic bandgaps. Numerical studies have confirmed that while the dielectric band gap width is basically described by the refraction index contrast, the width of the metallic band is described by the thickness of the metal inserts. In this work we carry on the corresponding analytical analysis of both band gaps for this one dimensional ternary dielectric-dielectric-metal structure. The stack that we are proposing is a quarter-wave for the dielectrics and the thickness of the metallic layers is changed as a free parameter. Using standard transfer matrix formalism, we find a closed form of the dispersion relation and from it; we have analytically demonstrated the formation and width of the dielectric band gap and its metallic perturbation, as well as those of the additional metallic band gap.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"8011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129560719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sánchez-Martín, J. M. Álvarez, M. A. Rebolledo, M. Andrés, J. Vallés, J. Martin, V. Berdejo, A. Díez
{"title":"A simple theoretical model for erbium doped PCF ring lasers design","authors":"J. Sánchez-Martín, J. M. Álvarez, M. A. Rebolledo, M. Andrés, J. Vallés, J. Martin, V. Berdejo, A. Díez","doi":"10.1117/12.901878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901878","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a simple theoretical model is presented where the energy conservation principle is used. The model is based on semi-analytical equations describing the behaviour of an erbium-doped photonic crystal fibre (PCF) inside a ring laser. These semi-analytical equations allow the characterisation of the erbium-doped PCF. Spectral absorption and emission coefficients can be determined through the measurement of the gain in the PCF as a function of pump power attenuation for several fibre lengths by means of a linear fitting. These coefficients are proportional to the erbium concentration and to the corresponding absorption or emission cross section. So if the concentration is known the erbium cross sections can be immediately determined. The model was successfully checked by means of two different home-made erbium doped PCFs. Once the fibres were characterised the values of the spectral absorption and emission coefficients were used to simulate the behaviour of a back propagating ring laser made of each fibre. Passive losses of the components in the cavity were previously calibrated. A good agreement was found between simulated and experimental values of efficiency, pump power threshold and output laser power for a wide set of experimental situations (several values of the input pump power, output coupling factor, laser wavelength and fibre length).","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129661516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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