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Partial coherence and polarization in electromagnetic interference 电磁干扰中的部分相干和极化
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.902482
T. Setälä, J. Tervo, A. Friberg
{"title":"Partial coherence and polarization in electromagnetic interference","authors":"T. Setälä, J. Tervo, A. Friberg","doi":"10.1117/12.902482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902482","url":null,"abstract":"While the theories of the optical coherence of scalar fields and the polarization of beam fields are well established, a general theory for the coherence and polarization of true electromagnetic fields appearsmore subtle. With random vector fields coherence may reside among any or all of the electric-field components, leading to a modulation of the optical intensity or the polarization state, or both, on two-beam interference. We discuss the recent formulations of both the polarization and the coherence, and we show that the electromagnetic degree of coherence is characterized by the modulation of all the four Stokes parameters (representing intensity and polarization state) in a two-pinhole Young's setup. This also leads to a new experimental interpretation for the degree polarization of a random electromagnetic beam. Certain important results pertaining to electromagnetic coherence, which are fully analogous to their scalar counterparts, are emphasized.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115813740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minimum image resolution for shape recognition using the generic Jacobi Fourier moments 最小图像分辨率的形状识别使用一般雅可比傅里叶矩
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.903372
C. Toxqui-Quitl, A. Padilla-Vivanco, C. Santiago Tepantlán
{"title":"Minimum image resolution for shape recognition using the generic Jacobi Fourier moments","authors":"C. Toxqui-Quitl, A. Padilla-Vivanco, C. Santiago Tepantlán","doi":"10.1117/12.903372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903372","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the use of Jacobi-Fourier moments for the classification of objects from motion blurred images. A set of numerical features are extracted from an image. These features are invariant to the changes in the scale, orientation, position, and illumination of the objects in the vision field. The test images used here have been acquired when the objects are vibrating at different frequencies and moving at constant velocity. The blur extent by image motion can be obtained using moment descriptors of the motion. Also, the acquisition system is characterized by means the optical transfer function (OTF); which can be computed by the geometric moments of motion function of the object centroid. The classification method is tested using images from objects which have intrinsically little differences between them. Experimental results show that, the proposed classification method based in Jacobi Fourier moments can be well addressed to grade images smeared by motion. A comparison of effectiveness is done with motion descriptors based on geometric moments.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133895432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Evaluation of autofocus measures for microscopy images of biopsy and cytology 活体组织检查和细胞学检查显微图像自动聚焦方法的评价
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.903314
R. Redondo, M. G. Bueno, J. Valdiviezo, R. Nava, G. Cristóbal, M. Garcia, O. Deniz, B. Escalante-Ramírez
{"title":"Evaluation of autofocus measures for microscopy images of biopsy and cytology","authors":"R. Redondo, M. G. Bueno, J. Valdiviezo, R. Nava, G. Cristóbal, M. Garcia, O. Deniz, B. Escalante-Ramírez","doi":"10.1117/12.903314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903314","url":null,"abstract":"An essential and indispensable component of automated microscopy is the automatic focusing system, which determines the in-focus position of a given field of view by searching for the maximal of an autofocus function over a range of z-axis positions. The autofocus function and its computation time are crucial to the accuracy and efficiency of the system. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate fifteen autofocus algorithms for biopsy and cytology microscopy images, ranging from the already well known methods to those proposed recently. Results have shown that there is a trade-off between computational cost and accuracy. Finally, the error committed by each of the algorithms is presented.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134428817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Mode-locked all-fiber lasers based on advanced acousto-optic modulators 基于先进声光调制器的锁模全光纤激光器
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.901668
M. Bello-Jiménez, C. Cuadrado-Laborde, A. Díez, J. Cruz, M. Andrés
{"title":"Mode-locked all-fiber lasers based on advanced acousto-optic modulators","authors":"M. Bello-Jiménez, C. Cuadrado-Laborde, A. Díez, J. Cruz, M. Andrés","doi":"10.1117/12.901668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901668","url":null,"abstract":"The development of efficient in-fiber amplitude modulators that operate in the MHz frequency range has enabled some recent advances in actively mode-locked all-fiber lasers. Our approach is based on the excitation of a standing acoustic wave along the fiber, which modulates the coupling between modes at twice the frequency of the acoustic wave. Among the remarkable features of these in-fiber modulators, we mention the high peak power damage, high modulation depth, broad bandwidth, easy tunability in optical wavelength and low insertion losses. The in-fiber modulation is crucial for the implementation of all-fiber compact and robust lasers. The experimental characterization of different cavity configurations as a function of the radio frequency voltage that controls the modulator, the length of the active fiber, the overall dispersion of the cavity, etc., has led to an improved operation of the lasers: output optical pulses of 34 ps temporal width, 1.4 W peak power and 4.7 MHz repetition rate, at the emission wavelength of erbium.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"29 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134164375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental results of phase retrieval with reduced noise using inline digital holography and an iterative method 采用内联数字全息和迭代法进行降噪相位恢复的实验结果
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.903419
V. Arrizon, María-Luisa Cruz
{"title":"Experimental results of phase retrieval with reduced noise using inline digital holography and an iterative method","authors":"V. Arrizon, María-Luisa Cruz","doi":"10.1117/12.903419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903419","url":null,"abstract":"Digital holographic microscopy is a method used to retrieve microscopic phase objects. However, the limited CCD bandwidth, used to record the hologram, and the aberrations of imaging lens add some noise into the retrieval process. In this context, the use of referenceless on axis digital holography is highly convenient due to the simplification of the required optical setup. However, the amount of noise, due to the conjugate and zero-order terms in the holograms tend to increase, because these hologram terms are overlapped with the signal term. We propose to enclose the object in a pupil and use this information to obtain an approximation of the object phase. This approximation is used in an iterative method, where the recovered field is cleaned from the conjugate and zero order hologram terms. Moreover, we show that the distortion introduced by loss of high frequency information, in the retrieval process, can be compensated with the iterative method. The simulation of this method had been proved with good results and they present a fast convergence of the algorithm. In this work we present the first experimental results applying this method.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"8011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130827790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Gauss-Legendre quadrature method used to evaluate the electric field envelope of ultrashort pulses in the focal region of lenses 高斯-勒让德正交法用于计算超短脉冲在透镜焦点区域的电场包络
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.902177
L. García-Martínez, M. Rosete-Aguilar, J. Garduño-Mejía
{"title":"Gauss-Legendre quadrature method used to evaluate the electric field envelope of ultrashort pulses in the focal region of lenses","authors":"L. García-Martínez, M. Rosete-Aguilar, J. Garduño-Mejía","doi":"10.1117/12.902177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902177","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the Gaussian temporal envelope of pulses with an initial duration of 10fs and a carrier wavelength of 810nm along the optical axis of an achromatic doublet designed in the IR region with numerical aperture 0.15 and focal length of 40mm. The diffraction integral is solved by expanding the wave number around the carrier frequency of the pulse in a Taylor series up to third order, and then the integral over the frequencies is solved by using the Gauss-Legendre quadrature method. The numerical errors in this method are negligible by taking 96 nodes and the computational time is reduced by 95% compared to the integration method by rectangles. We will show that the third-order GVD is not negligible for 10fs pulses @810nm propagating through the low numerical aperture doublet and its effect is more important than the propagation time difference, PTD. This last effect, however, is also significant.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131140528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Low cost optoelectronic system for paint drying monitoring 用于油漆干燥监测的低成本光电系统
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.902719
Ezequiel Rubinsztain, A. Lutenberg, M. Trivi, F. Perez Quintián
{"title":"Low cost optoelectronic system for paint drying monitoring","authors":"Ezequiel Rubinsztain, A. Lutenberg, M. Trivi, F. Perez Quintián","doi":"10.1117/12.902719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902719","url":null,"abstract":"In previous works we reported several speckle interferometry methods applied to analyze paint drying processes. In this paper we present the development of a low cost optoelectronic system for monitoring the drying status of different types of paints. The system is composed by a laser diode, a linear CCD sensor and a microcontroller. One of the key points of the system is the algorithm that processes the speckle patterns produced by the laser beam scattered from the paint. The temporal evolution of the speckle carries information of the paint status. The proposed algorithm modifies one of its parameters to follow the speckle rate of change, allowing a real-time measurement of the drying process. The results obtained with this system are compared to the ones obtained by the method that measures the paint weight loss in time, due to the solvent evaporation, and to the results from other methods that process the temporal evolution of the speckle with different algorithms.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130717321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Raman gain calculation by Raman threshold study in telecom fibers 利用拉曼阈值研究电信光纤中的拉曼增益计算
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.903369
L. de la Cruz May, E. Mejía, D. Talavera, A. Chapuz-Benitez, O. Benavides
{"title":"Raman gain calculation by Raman threshold study in telecom fibers","authors":"L. de la Cruz May, E. Mejía, D. Talavera, A. Chapuz-Benitez, O. Benavides","doi":"10.1117/12.903369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903369","url":null,"abstract":"A simple experimental configuration for measurement of the Raman gain coefficient is demonstrated. The Raman threshold condition plays a role important to calculate the critical power and the Raman gain coefficient. Analysis of the Raman threshold for second Stokes shows that the Raman gain coefficient scales with the inverse of the pump wavelength and the fiber attenuation, the obtained values are approximate to several quantities previously reported. With those physical properties the single pass evolution of pump and Stokes beams equations are simulated for different fiber lengths and several coupled pump powers. The numerical simulations show that the fibers losses and the numerical aperture play a predominant role in the Stokes generation. These results allow designing optical fibers efficient and/or poor in the Stimulated Raman scattering generation.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133372816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of Fraunhofer diffraction patterns for calculation of fractal dimension 夫琅和费衍射图在分形维数计算中的应用
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.902174
Yana B. Muzychenko, A. A. Zinchik, S. Stafeev
{"title":"Application of Fraunhofer diffraction patterns for calculation of fractal dimension","authors":"Yana B. Muzychenko, A. A. Zinchik, S. Stafeev","doi":"10.1117/12.902174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902174","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the modificated method of calculation of fractal dimension is described. The method is based on effective averaging procedure and deals with the number of fractal generation levels. The existing methods of calculation of fractal dimension need the information about structure factor or scaling factor, which are generally unknown for real objects. The offered algorithm of calculation fractal dimensions allows to calculate fractal dimension of object with a relative error less than 1%. Thus for calculation of dimension there is no necessity to reveal the factor of structure and scaling factor. The method was checked on the wide range of two-dimensional fractals with exact self-similarity and different values of fractal dimension.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133196765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Development of fluorescent multilayer disc structure 荧光多层盘片结构的研制
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.901595
I. Beliak, L. Butenko
{"title":"Development of fluorescent multilayer disc structure","authors":"I. Beliak, L. Butenko","doi":"10.1117/12.901595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901595","url":null,"abstract":"The fluorescent multilayer disc (FMD) consists of a substrate and the sandwich-structure of information and intermediate layers. While all the structure of the disc is transparent and homogeneous the parasitic signal will be caused mostly by photoluminescence (PL) and absorption of pits areas where laser light is unfocused. At large number of layers (10 or more) the noise level will get significant value, so it was suggested to derive readout signal as a variable one. Also it was proposed to record information only by the lands, to decrease the absorbance level and thus uncontrolled changing of the noise level. Furthermore in the FMD information layer there are inner and outside peripheral areas which hold a stable level of parasitic signal during readout from the edges of the disc. While the PL readout signal is spatially isotropic the optical head of the FMD drive receives just a part of the probing beam energy. PL quantum yield, absorption factor, receiver systems exposure loss coefficients are other reasons of the low PL signal. Thus the problem of the low SNR in this case is a major one and the only way of its solving is synthesis of the dye with a high PL quantum yield. The PL relaxation time on the other hand is a main feature of the data reading rate and therefore selection of the appropriate recording material will allow to bring this parameter in accordance to parameters of modern optical discs. To achieve this goal the composite organic pyrazoline dyes where synthesized and investigated as effective medium with a PL quantum yield up to 60-70%, relaxation time less than 100 ns, PL wide spectrum and opportunity of two-photon absorption. These parameters were further improved by a method based on the performance of organic dye molecules in the zeolite matrix.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131844972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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