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Full Poincaré beams 完整的庞卡勒梁
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-10-25 DOI: 10.1117/12.903258
M. Alonso, Amber M. Beckley, T. Brown
{"title":"Full Poincaré beams","authors":"M. Alonso, Amber M. Beckley, T. Brown","doi":"10.1117/12.903258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903258","url":null,"abstract":"We describe an analytic formulation that describes the spatial behavior and propagation of a class of fully correlated beams that span the complete Poincaré sphere. The beams can be constructed from a superposition of a fundamental Gaussian mode and a spiral phase Laguerre-Gauss (LG) mode having orthogonal polarization. When the orthogonal polarizations are right and left circular, the coverage extends from one pole of the sphere to the other in such a way that concentric circles on the beam map onto parallels on the Poincaré sphere and radial lines map onto meridians. If the beam waists match, the beam propagation corresponds to a rigid rotation about the pole; a mismatch in beam waist size or position produces a beam in which parallels rotate at different rates with propagation distance. We describe an experimental example of how a symmetrically stressed window can produce these beams and show that the predicted rotation indeed occurs when moving through the focus of a paraxial Gaussian beam. We discuss nonparaxial behavior and end with a discussion of how the idea can be extended to include beams that not only cover the surface of the Poincaré sphere, but fill the volume within the sphere.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124151511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Soda-zinc-aluminosilicate glasses doped with Tb3+, Ce3+, and Sm3+ for frequency conversion and white light generation 掺有Tb3+、Ce3+和Sm3+的钠锌铝硅酸盐玻璃，用于频率转换和白光产生
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-10-25 DOI: 10.1117/12.903223
S. Berneschi, M. Brenci, G. Righini, M. Bettinelli, A. Speghini, U. Caldino, E. Álvarez, A. Chiasera, S. Valligatla, M. Ferrari
{"title":"Soda-zinc-aluminosilicate glasses doped with Tb3+, Ce3+, and Sm3+ for frequency conversion and white light generation","authors":"S. Berneschi, M. Brenci, G. Righini, M. Bettinelli, A. Speghini, U. Caldino, E. Álvarez, A. Chiasera, S. Valligatla, M. Ferrari","doi":"10.1117/12.903223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903223","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium-zinc-aluminosilicate (NaZAS) glasses doped with single or multiple rare earth ions (Ce3+, Tb3+, Sm3+) were synthesized, and their characteristics investigated by m-line spectroscopy, absorption and luminescence spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Blue-white light, with x = 0.24 and y = 0.24 CIE chromaticity coordinates, was obtained for the Tb3+ singly-doped glass excited at 351 nm. In NaZAS glasses co-doped with Ce3+ and Tb3+ it was possible to observe a non-radiative energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions upon 320 nm excitation; the Ce3+→Tb3+ energy transfer microscopic parameter and efficiency were obtained from the analysis of the cerium emission decay curve. Different concentrations of Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions in the same glass host give rise to blue and blue-green emissions, with different CIE coordinates. Optical waveguides were also produced in the samples by means of Ag+-Na+ ion exchange process, and characterized.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130152771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Temporal response analysis of a fluorescence-based thermal to visible converter 基于荧光的热可见光转换器的时间响应分析
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-10-25 DOI: 10.1117/12.903117
M. Alfaro, G. Páez, M. Strojnik
{"title":"Temporal response analysis of a fluorescence-based thermal to visible converter","authors":"M. Alfaro, G. Páez, M. Strojnik","doi":"10.1117/12.903117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903117","url":null,"abstract":"Today's room temperature microbolometers focal plane arrays are the most widespread technology for the registration of thermal images. Other attempts to develop detection systems are based on the idea of converting the thermal information into visible. Thermal to visible converters try to achieve the possibility of \"detecting\" thermal radiation with common visible detectors. The development of these converters may provide IR and thermal detection methods for specific thermal imaging applications without excessive investment. Previously, we have proposed a conversion method based on temperature dependence of the fluorescence emission of a europium-doped complex. Here, we present the analysis of the temporal response of the sensing element and we also specify the desirable thermal and physical characteristics of such element in order to allow thermal to visible conversion in real time. With the analysis of the frequency response of the EuTTA fluorescence, we find that the emission presents a response that allows dynamic conversion. Furthermore, we analyze the thermal-transient response of the sensing element of the converter. Based on heat transfer simulation of a pixel of the sensing element, we establish the characteristics that the thermal design should fulfill in order to have efficient heat transfer in a dynamic converter.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"15 27","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120935587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of the dynamical behavior of the LIBS plasma under conditions of low atmospheric pressure 低气压条件下LIBS等离子体动力学行为的研究
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-10-25 DOI: 10.1117/12.903202
D. Jijón, C. Costa Vera
{"title":"Study of the dynamical behavior of the LIBS plasma under conditions of low atmospheric pressure","authors":"D. Jijón, C. Costa Vera","doi":"10.1117/12.903202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903202","url":null,"abstract":"A new arrangement of 3 Langmuir probes to evaluate the electric potential and estimate the electron temperature in the LIBS plasma is introduced in this work. It consists of three nickel meshes (95% of transparency) on a basis for the sample in a vacuum chamber. The sample (a 50 cents coin) was analyzed at 9 different pressures (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 Torr). Measurements were made of the voltage signal induced in the electrodes relative to one another and to the sample. Information about the on-time and the duration of the plasma under the decreased pressure conditions can be extracted from these signals, which could in principle, be also correlated with the velocity of expansion of the plasma and the establishment of thermodynamical equilibrium in the system plasma-background gas. Additionally, we photographed the emitted light by LIBS plasma at maximum extension at different pressures by means of two digital cameras at the right angles to one another and to the laser beam. In each case, the expanded plasma contour was mathematically analyzed. In particular, the area of the plasma plume as recorded with the cameras was found to follow a simple relationship with the background pressure in a way not different from an ideal gas.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117125792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Entanglement of formation of pair of quantum dots 量子点对形成的纠缠
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-10-25 DOI: 10.1117/12.903406
S. S. Sánchez, J. J. S. Mondragón, J. C. G. Melgarejo, A. Alejo-Molina
{"title":"Entanglement of formation of pair of quantum dots","authors":"S. S. Sánchez, J. J. S. Mondragón, J. C. G. Melgarejo, A. Alejo-Molina","doi":"10.1117/12.903406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903406","url":null,"abstract":"The Entanglement of quantum systems is a key aspect in order to understand the dynamics and behavior of mixed systems (density matrix) as bipartite systems of quantum bits (q-bits). A quantifiable measure widely used is the \"entanglement of formation\" of a mixed state, defined as the minimum number of singlets needed to create an ensemble of pure states that represents the density matrix of the system. Considering a double quantum dot system coupled cavity type Jaynes-Cummings investigate the entanglement between two quantum dots, immersed each in its own cavity, showing analytically that entanglement has a very interesting effects such as temporal evolution including the so-called sudden death effect.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115329889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Propagation of ultrashort pulses behind diffracting screens 超短脉冲在衍射屏后的传播
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-10-25 DOI: 10.1117/12.901670
P. Piksarv, P. Bowlan, M. Lõhmus, H. Valtna-Lukner, R. Trebino, P. Saari
{"title":"Propagation of ultrashort pulses behind diffracting screens","authors":"P. Piksarv, P. Bowlan, M. Lõhmus, H. Valtna-Lukner, R. Trebino, P. Saari","doi":"10.1117/12.901670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901670","url":null,"abstract":"We study the diffraction of Gaussian pulses and beams within the framework of boundary diffraction wave theory. For the first time the boundary diffraction wave theory is applied to pulsed Gaussian beams, and it is shown that the diffracted field of a pulsed Gaussian beam on a circularly symmetric aperture can be evaluated by a single 1D integration along the diffractive aperture of every point of interest. We compare the theoretical simulations to experimental measurements of ultrashort pulses diffracted off a circular aperture, an opaque disc, an annular aperture, and a system of four concentric annular apertures. Using the recently developed SEA TADPOLE measurement technique, we obtain micron spatial and femtosecond temporal resolutions in the spatio-temporal measurements of the diffracted fields.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133683720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stokes polarimetry using liquid-crystal variable retarders and nonlinear voltage-retardance function 使用液晶可变缓速器和非线性电压缓速函数的斯托克斯偏振法
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-10-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.901661
C. A. Velázquez Olivera, J. M. López Téllez, N. Bruce
{"title":"Stokes polarimetry using liquid-crystal variable retarders and nonlinear voltage-retardance function","authors":"C. A. Velázquez Olivera, J. M. López Téllez, N. Bruce","doi":"10.1117/12.901661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901661","url":null,"abstract":"Stokes polarimetry using variable retardance elements such as Pockel´s cells and liquid crystals is a well-developed technique. There are two standard methods of analysis to extract the Stokes vector from the data using only one detector. One is to use only certain values of the retardances to obtain data for a number of fixed polarization combinations. The other is to use all the polarization combinations of the retardances for an oscillating voltage applied to the cells, and perform a Fourier analysis on the time varying signal. This method requires a linear relationship between the applied voltage and the obtained retardance. However, in general, for liquid-crystal variable retarders, this relationship is not linear. We present an analysis of a proposed method to use a nonlinear voltage-retardance relation to extract the Stokes parameters of a light beam. The method assumes a known nonlinear function relating the voltage and the retardance and uses a least-squares fit of the measured data to the calculated Mueller matrix of the polarimeter.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122054304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
PVA with nopal dye as holographic recording material 聚乙烯醇(PVA)用无铬染料作全息记录材料
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-10-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.901762
S. Toxqui-López, A. Olivares-Pérez, I. Fuentes-Tapia, B. Pinto-Iguanero
{"title":"PVA with nopal dye as holographic recording material","authors":"S. Toxqui-López, A. Olivares-Pérez, I. Fuentes-Tapia, B. Pinto-Iguanero","doi":"10.1117/12.901762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901762","url":null,"abstract":"Cactus nopal dye is introduced into a polyvinyl alcohol matrix achieving a like brown appearance thick film, such that they can be used as a recording medium. This dye material provides excellent property as photosensitizer, i.e., easy handling, low cost and can be used in real time holographic recording applications. The experimental results show the diffraction efficiencies obtained by recording grating patterns induced by a He-Cd laser (442nm). For the samples, a thick film of polyvinyl alcohol and dye from cactus nopal was deposited by the gravity technique on a glass substrate. This mixture dries to form a photosensitive emulsion.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127356055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Vector wave holographic optical mass storage 矢量波全息光学大容量存储
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-10-21 DOI: 10.1117/12.901213
T. Yatagai, D. Barada
{"title":"Vector wave holographic optical mass storage","authors":"T. Yatagai, D. Barada","doi":"10.1117/12.901213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901213","url":null,"abstract":"An optical recording technique, called retardagraphy, can record a retardance pattern of a birefringent object on a polarization-sensitive medium made of azobenzene copolymer. In holography, a recording laser beam must be split into signal and reference parts. In contrast, it is not necessary for the retardagrapy to split the recording laser beam. This feature simplifies the optical system. The multi-valued phase pattern recorded on the polarization-sensitive medium can be reconstructed by measuring a retardation between two polarization components. The optical recording and reconstructing methods of binary and multi-valued phase patterns are demonstrated by retardagraphy.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116683933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Photophysical properties of metallic-phthalocyanines dispersed in sonogel optical glasses 分散在声凝胶光学玻璃中的金属酞菁的光物理性质
The International Commission for Optics Pub Date : 2011-08-15 DOI: 10.1117/12.903435
V. Torres-Zuñiga, M. Sánchez-Vergara, O. Morales–Saavedra, C. Alvarez, J. Bañuelos
{"title":"Photophysical properties of metallic-phthalocyanines dispersed in sonogel optical glasses","authors":"V. Torres-Zuñiga, M. Sánchez-Vergara, O. Morales–Saavedra, C. Alvarez, J. Bañuelos","doi":"10.1117/12.903435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903435","url":null,"abstract":"Phthalocyanines (Pc) based compounds having central metallic atoms of Ni were successfully embedded in mesoporous silica gels via a catalyst-free sol-gel (sonogel) process in order to fabricate optically active solid-state hybrid glasses in both bulk and thin film formats at different dopant concentrations. The organic-inorganic hybrid composites obtained at room temperature processing showed stable mechanical performance, controllable geometrical shapes, good transparency and homogeneity suitable for linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) characterizations. Hybrid samples were studied via the NLO third-harmonic generation (THG) technique. AFM studies, epi-microscopy surface evaluation, refractive-index measurements and UV-Vis spectroscopy studies were also performed in selected bulk and film samples. The morphological and spectroscopic results showed a homogeneous dispersion of the organometallic compounds within the highly pure SiO2-sonogel network. Moreover, Brewster's angle measurements have demonstrated the feasibility of tuning the refractive index of the samples by varying the chromophore dopant concentration. Additionally, the electronic absorption spectra showed band shifts in the two characteristic bands of the organometallic compound within sonogel environment, which evidence the formation of molecular H-aggregates for the developed hybrids and the consequent modifications of their optical properties. Finally, THG measurements in hybrid film samples exhibited an important NLO activity. We conclude that the optical effects of these composites can be tuned as function of the nickel-Pc concentration and that the sonogel matrix mainly acts as an inert protective shell, giving stable mechanical and thermal properties to the guest dopant compounds.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114981910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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