{"title":"Progress in the design of chromatic null screens to test cylindrical parabolic concentrators","authors":"Josslyn Beltrán-Madrigal, R. Díaz-Uribe","doi":"10.1117/12.903315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903315","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the qualitative and quantitative results obtained on the test of cylindrical parabolic concentrators when the screens are designed using dot color changes to guarantee a better dot correspondence assignment and to make the optical test of the concentrator easier; the method allows to measure deformations from tenths of a millimeter to several millimeters, thus demonstrating that null screen method is good enough for testing surfaces with important deformations. On a second approximation, it is designed a null screen corresponding to the surface evaluated with the first one by fitting a fourth grade polynomial with crossed terms; with this, it is shown that the first test gets closer to the shape of the surface validating it.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130358938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sánchez-Mondragón, D. Ceballos-Herrera, A. Alejo-Molina, D. May-Arrioja, O. Magaña-Loaiza, N. Lozano-Crisóstomo
{"title":"Plasmon excitation using a dielectric slab with diffusion type photorefractive nonlinearity","authors":"J. Sánchez-Mondragón, D. Ceballos-Herrera, A. Alejo-Molina, D. May-Arrioja, O. Magaña-Loaiza, N. Lozano-Crisóstomo","doi":"10.1117/12.903383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903383","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated numerically the TM electric field solutions of a dielectric slab formed by a photorefractive crystal with diffusion-type nonlinearity and limited by two metallic films. This study allows us the analysis of nonlinear surface optical waves as nonlinear solutions of the photorefractive crystal slab. Additionally, we analyzed the influence of these nonlinear solutions to excite surface plasmon-polariton waves at the metallic interfaces. In this case, the coupling between plasmons and nonlinear solutions it is possible because only TM electromagnetic waves are supported by a metal-dielectric planar waveguide. Here, we solved the vectorial and nonlinear wave equation using an iterative method based in self-autoconsistency. With this algorithm, the coupling between the waveguide modes and the surface plasmon-polariton waves are systematically investigated. The results obtained in this work are reproducible and contributes with new information for the design of tunable plasmonic devices based in nonlinear photorefractive crystals.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133167226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emanuel Paulucci, N. A. Russo, E. E. Sicre, R. Duchowicz
{"title":"Theory and simulation of a two coupled-cavities fiber laser","authors":"Emanuel Paulucci, N. A. Russo, E. E. Sicre, R. Duchowicz","doi":"10.1117/12.903177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903177","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we develop a theoretical model to analyze the response of a two coupled-cavities fiber laser. This setup operates as an additive pulse mode-locking (APM) laser and its design is based on the combined action of an active cavity and a passive cavity. The first one is generated with an erbium-doped fiber and two fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as reflective components, while the passive cavity is built with a fiber pigtail being the corresponding mirrors one of the FBGs and the Fresnel reflection at the fiber end. It is proposed a numerical model that solves the Non-Linear Schr¨odinger Equation (NLSE) by using the Split-Step Method (SSM) together with the T-Matrix Method (TMM) to calculate the coupling factor on each reflective component. The main parameters are: the group velocity dispersion (GVD), the self-phase modulation (SPM), the gain and/or loss factors of the fibers including self-saturation effect and the reflectivity and dispersion characteristics of each FBG. The dependence of both, temporal and frequency behaviour of the generated emission with the several involved setup parameters are analyzed. The numerical results produced by applying the theoretical model are compared with previously obtained experimental results, and a good agreement between them is observed.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116032889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Martínez-Ríos, B. Ilan, I. Torres-Gómez, D. Monzón-Hernández, D. Ceballos-Herrera
{"title":"Calculation of higher order dispersion coefficients in photonic crystal fibers","authors":"A. Martínez-Ríos, B. Ilan, I. Torres-Gómez, D. Monzón-Hernández, D. Ceballos-Herrera","doi":"10.1117/12.901625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901625","url":null,"abstract":"We present the calculations of the higher order dispersion coefficients in a photonic crystal fiber. The dispersion coefficient is obtained from the calculated effective index of the fiber structure by double differentiation with respect to the wavelength (or frequency), or from the integral formula used to calculate the group index. Although both approaches are equivalent we show that they lead to totally dissimilar results, like different zero dispersion wavelength and hence the higher-order dispersion coefficients are different. In fact, the way in which the higher-order dispersion coefficients are calculated will affect the prediction of the dynamics of the supercontinuum generation. This effect will be discussed in this work.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126997116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantum security in homodyne reception using weak coherent states","authors":"E. García, J. A. López, F. Mendieta, A. Arvizu","doi":"10.1117/12.902191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902191","url":null,"abstract":"We present an experimental 8-port Balanced Homodyne Detector at 1550 nm wavelength, operating in free space, implemented with polarization devices to produce a circularly polarized local oscillator, splitting its In-Phase and Quadrature components to beat separately with the weak coherent incoming signal. This allows the simultaneous measurements of the 2 quadratures at the price of an additional noise due to the vacuum fields that leak via the unused ports, resulting in a modified Husimi function for joint probability distribution for the quadrature components. These schemes require the proper optical phase synchronization between the local oscillator and the incoming field, which constitutes a challenge for weak coherent state reception. To achieve this we designed and implemented an optical Costas loop; the feedback loop (especially the loop filter) which is a result of the optimal design has an impact on the mutual information between transmitter and receiver, being this parameter a condition to generate the cryptographic key. We present experimental and theoretical results on the performance of the mutual information between the transmitter and the receiver due the phase error for different photon numbers.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"25 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113940806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Holdsworth, G. Sharafutdinova, M. Sanderson, D. V. van Helden
{"title":"Off-axis parabolic optical relays: almost perfect imaging","authors":"J. Holdsworth, G. Sharafutdinova, M. Sanderson, D. V. van Helden","doi":"10.1117/12.903430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903430","url":null,"abstract":"Off-axis parabolic elements have found application in Tera-Hertz imaging and new application in two-photon microscopy scan engines. Both these applications demand spatial and temporal precision in photon location. This modelling work examines how close off-axis parabolic elements are to the perfect image relay by calculating the geometrical performance metrics of spot diagrams, point spread functions and wavefront distortion for different arrangements of off-axis parabolas and a parabolic torus when compared to a close-coupled two mirror scan engine. Results identify the off-axis parabolic elements as a superior scan engine particularly in wide-field scan instruments. When within the optimum beam size versus parabola focus length ratio, the imaging of these systems is superb.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125170938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of alignment errors in polarimetry of light using liquid-crystal variable retarders","authors":"J. M. López-Téllez, Neil C. Bruce","doi":"10.1117/12.901214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901214","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental results using Liquid-Crystal Variable Retarders (LCVRs) to measure the four Stokes parameters of a light beam simultaneously are presented. We use known waveplates (half-wave and quarter-wave) as known sources to provide controlled polarization states to the Stokes polarimeter, and we use the measured Stokes parameters as functions of the orientation of the axes of the waveplates as an indication of the quality of the polarimeter. The effects of errors in optical alignment and nonlinearity of the retardance variation on the results are presented and discussed. We also present results of simulations for comparison. Finally, we present the advances obtained in the development of a Mueller matrix polarimeter for use in a goniometric scatterometer.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122547169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Marquez, D. Salazar, R. Rangel-Rojo, J. L. Ángel, G. Vázquez, E. Flores-Romero, L. Rodríguez-Fernández, A. Oliver
{"title":"Waveguides by multiple implantations of Ag ion on SiO2 substrates","authors":"H. Marquez, D. Salazar, R. Rangel-Rojo, J. L. Ángel, G. Vázquez, E. Flores-Romero, L. Rodríguez-Fernández, A. Oliver","doi":"10.1117/12.901975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.901975","url":null,"abstract":"Optical waveguides have been obtained by silver ion implantation on fused silica substrates. First results of a methodology oriented to design optical waveguides with silver nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix are presented. Simulation of ion implantation is based on SRIM code and is correlated with a refractive index increase Δn calculated as a function of the chemical composition. Effective refractive indices of the propagation modes are determined by prismcoupling technique.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122888042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Antúnez-Cerón, M. Basurto-Pensado, J. C. García-Castrejón, J. Sánchez-Mondragón
{"title":"Optical characterization of LiBr-H2O using MMI in optical fiber","authors":"E. Antúnez-Cerón, M. Basurto-Pensado, J. C. García-Castrejón, J. Sánchez-Mondragón","doi":"10.1117/12.902203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.902203","url":null,"abstract":"Heat pumps work with a refrigerant mixture of lithium bromide-water (LiBr-H2O) and the efficiency of the heat pump may be adjusted depending on the concentration of this mixture. On the basis of the last, in this work an analysis of LiBr concentration by multimode interference (MMI) effects occurring in a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) fiber structure is presented. In the SMS structure the sensitive element consists in a multimode fiber (MMF) section spliced between two single-mode fibers (SMF) in order to launch light into and recover light from that multimode waveguide. The multimode fiber (MMF) has no cladding so that its exposed core interacts with different concentrations of LiBr-H2O which refraction indices are between 1.423 and 1.472. The different refraction indices of the solution covering the exposed core generate variations in the modes coupling inside the multimode section of the SMS fiber, and therefore, a different response for each case. SMS fiber structure was designed to generate a first self-image of the input profile at a 1555 nm wavelength. The experimental set up consists of a laser diode operating at 1550 nm as the source of the system, a photodetector as the transducer of the transmitted intensity and a digital multimeter.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131111936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Lozano-Crisóstomo, J. Sánchez-Mondragón, A. Vázquez-Guardado, G. Lopez-Galmiche, M. A. Fuentes-Fuentes, O. Magaña-Loaiza, J. Escobedo-Alatorre
{"title":"An analytical analysis of the nonlinear modes of the coupled silicon-on-insulator waveguides","authors":"N. Lozano-Crisóstomo, J. Sánchez-Mondragón, A. Vázquez-Guardado, G. Lopez-Galmiche, M. A. Fuentes-Fuentes, O. Magaña-Loaiza, J. Escobedo-Alatorre","doi":"10.1117/12.903154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903154","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work we analyze the nonlinear modes of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowires and supermodes of the coupled SOI waveguides. A generalized analysis of the nonlinear modes of silicon nanowires is given where we have considered the scalar approximation and its vectorial nature to obtain the analytical profiles. In the scalar approximation, the analytical analysis of the profiles of the transversal modes is based on the solutions of the Helmholtz equation for nonlinear periodic media, where we obtain an integral solution for the intensity which is identified with the help of the elliptic functions. Those modes are characterized by two constants of motion of particular physical significance and in some approximations the solution could become a soliton or cosenoidal type. Therefore, we describe the solutions on terms of the movement and integration constants. This is an important result because defines the nature of the solutions, therein the analysis of the third order polynomials roots of those elliptic functions. The general theoretical model includes the two-photon absorption (TPA) and the nonlinear Kerr effect implicit in the refraction index.","PeriodicalId":320610,"journal":{"name":"The International Commission for Optics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134511950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}