发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Chapter One. ʿUlamaʾ between the state and the society in pre-modern Sunni Islam 第一章。前现代逊尼派伊斯兰教中国家与社会之间的关系
Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789004169531.i-342.9
M. Winter
{"title":"Chapter One. ʿUlamaʾ between the state and the society in pre-modern Sunni Islam","authors":"M. Winter","doi":"10.1163/ej.9789004169531.i-342.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004169531.i-342.9","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of the Sunni ʿulamaʾ had similar political attitudes and mentality. The madrasas produced more graduates than the state needed. The diploma that the graduate received was issued not by the madrasa in which he studied but by his teachers, who granted him an ijaza , a license to teach the book or books that he had read under his teacher's guidance. The ʿulamaʾ were victorious against the Muʿtazilite rationalist dogma of the created Qurʾan that Caliph al-Maʾmun (ruled 813-833) and his two immediate successors forced on religious officeholders through the Mihna (inquisition). The central part of this chapter serves to introduce the changing roles of the 'ulama' in the modern era, but it is confined to Egypt, Syria and the center of the Ottoman Empire. In both empires the majority of the native Muslims were Arabic-speaking and were ruled by Turkish-speaking military elites. Keywords: ʿulamaʾ; madrasas ; Muslims; Ottoman Empire; Pre-modern Sunni Islam; Qurʾan; Sunni Islam","PeriodicalId":320543,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116540757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
List of contributors 贡献者名单
Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789047442936_016
{"title":"List of contributors","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789047442936_016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047442936_016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":320543,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128017963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapter Eight. ʿUlamaʾ, tribalism and the national struggle in Morocco, 1944-1956 第八章。1944-1956年，摩洛哥的部落制度和民族斗争
Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789004169531.i-342.60
Daniel Zisenwine
{"title":"Chapter Eight. ʿUlamaʾ, tribalism and the national struggle in Morocco, 1944-1956","authors":"Daniel Zisenwine","doi":"10.1163/ej.9789004169531.i-342.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004169531.i-342.60","url":null,"abstract":"Morocco's nationalist movement was a relative newcomer to the Moroccan realm of ideas. This chapter explores the relations between Moroccan nationalists, ʿulamaʾ and tribal leaders as they developed throughout the struggle for independence. It highlights the crystallization of the nationalists' ties with the monarchy and the religious establishment, and traces the nationalists' relations with the rural and tribal sector. By providing a detailed account of these relations, the chapter hopes to offer a better understanding of the complex nature of Morocco's nationalist movement. The chapter also carries broader ramifications for understanding other Middle Eastern settings, by exploring an example of a nationalist struggle carried out in a conservative, tribal environment, with the participation of religious leaders. The Istiqlal's establishment in early 1944 reflected an ideological shift within the nationalist movement and an effort to expand the scope of nationalist politics. Keywords: Istiqlal party; Morocco's nationalist movement; tribalism","PeriodicalId":320543,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122863133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapter Ten. Wahhabis, Sufis and Salafis in early twentieth century Damascus 第十章。瓦哈比派，苏菲派和萨拉菲派在二十世纪早期的大马士革
Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/EJ.9789004169531.I-342.71
D. Commins
{"title":"Chapter Ten. Wahhabis, Sufis and Salafis in early twentieth century Damascus","authors":"D. Commins","doi":"10.1163/EJ.9789004169531.I-342.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/EJ.9789004169531.I-342.71","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how allegations of Wahhabi influence became a point of controversy between rival camps of religious scholars in early twentieth century Damascus. Thus the focus here is on what \"Wahhabi\" meant in that context and how it was used in the polemics contained in religious treatises published between 1900 and the early 1920s. From these works, it appears that the Wahhabi issue and local religious discourse evolved over time. A model study of Wahhabism's reception in one locality is Bernard Haykel's splendid monograph on the Yemeni scholar Muhammad al-Shawkani. The reappraisal of the Wahhabis was undertaken by ʿulamaʾ in the Salafi movement. As for those defenders, we have a treatise by the Salafi writer Muhammad Bahjat al-Bitar, published under the pseudonym Abu al-Yasar al-Dimashqi al-Maydani. In conclusion, the first set of essays from 1900-1901 conform to a purely traditional mode of anti-Wahhabi discourse. Keywords: Salafi movement; twentieth century Damascus; Wahhabis","PeriodicalId":320543,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133973072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Chapter Five. Education, politics, and the struggle for intellectual leadership: Al-Azhar between 1927 and 1945 第五章。教育、政治和对知识分子领导权的争夺:1927年至1945年间的爱资哈尔
Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/EJ.9789004169531.I-342.42
Rainer Brunner
{"title":"Chapter Five. Education, politics, and the struggle for intellectual leadership: Al-Azhar between 1927 and 1945","authors":"Rainer Brunner","doi":"10.1163/EJ.9789004169531.I-342.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/EJ.9789004169531.I-342.42","url":null,"abstract":"When the Egyptian historiographer ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Jabarti began to compose his famous chronicle ʿAjaʾib al-athar at the end of the eighteenth century, the classical self-image of Muslim scholars was still intact. This chapter presents al-Azhar's history in the twentieth century. It explains during the first half of the twentieth century-more precisely in the almost two decades spanning the rectorships of Muhammad Mustafa al-Maraghi (1928-1929 and 1935-1945) and Muhammad al-Ahmadi al-Zawahiri (1929-1935)-that al-Azhar not only became for the first time involved in the political power struggle, but that the process of far-reaching politicization of the university began. It was then, too, that a first serious challenge to the traditional claim of the 'ulama' to intellectual leadership was voiced by a prominent member of the Salafiyya class of Islamic intellectuals. Keywords: Al-azhar; intellectual leadership; Muhammad al-Ahmadi al-Zawahiri; Muhammad Mustafa al-Maraghi; Rashid Rida","PeriodicalId":320543,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122671267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Chapter Thirteen. In defense of Muhammad: ʿUlamaʾ, DaʿIya and the new islamic internationalism 第十三章。为穆罕默德辩护:乌拉玛·尼、达·伊亚和新伊斯兰国际主义
Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/EJ.9789004169531.I-342.90
Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen
{"title":"Chapter Thirteen. In defense of Muhammad: ʿUlamaʾ, DaʿIya and the new islamic internationalism","authors":"Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen","doi":"10.1163/EJ.9789004169531.I-342.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/EJ.9789004169531.I-342.90","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is about the relationship today between the ʿulamaʾ and the daʿiya -that is, the new Islamic media preachers, in their endeavor to form a new Islamic internationalism. Few of the daʿiya are ʿulamaʾ. And those who are have been selected because they commanded other, more media-relevant qualities than those of the average ʿalim . But to examine this phenomenon with relevance to the issue of Islamic internationalism, the chapter begins with a brief discussion of Pan-Islam. Al-Qaradawi became an active member of the Muslim Brotherhood in the late 1940s and was their leading representative among the students of al-Azhar. Finally, the chapter moves to 2006 and the so-called cartoon crisis in order to trace the most direct interaction and confrontation between the new \"Islamic\" media stars, and the competing attempts at new Islamic internationalism that have sprung from it. Keywords: ʿulamaʾ; Al-Qaradawi; cartoon crisis; daʿiya ; Islamic internationalism; Pan-Islam","PeriodicalId":320543,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East","volume":"489 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122171056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Preliminary Material 初步材料
Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789047442936_001
{"title":"Preliminary Material","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/9789047442936_001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047442936_001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":320543,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115415548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapter Six. The iraqi afghanis and ʿAbduhs: Debate over reform among ShiʿIte and Sunni ʿUlamaʾ in interwar Iraq 第六章。伊拉克的阿富汗人和阿卜杜拉人:两次世界大战之间伊拉克什叶派和逊尼派关于改革的争论
Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789004169531.i-342.49
O. Bashkin
{"title":"Chapter Six. The iraqi afghanis and ʿAbduhs: Debate over reform among ShiʿIte and Sunni ʿUlamaʾ in interwar Iraq","authors":"O. Bashkin","doi":"10.1163/ej.9789004169531.i-342.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004169531.i-342.49","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes the writings of two Iraqi reformers, the Shiʿi Hibat al-Din al-Shahrastani (1883-1967) and the Sunni Muhammad al-Hashimi (1898-1973). Their views about science, modernity and religiosity, mirrors the vitality of the Iraqi intellectual milieu during the first decades of the twentieth century. The Arabic renditions of the views of Ludwig Buchner and Jacob Moleschoot circulated in the Arab press mainly through the journal al-Muqtataf . The critique of the Hashemite nahda , moreover, relates to al-Shahrastani's very skeptical approach to nationalism as the sole principle organizing the relationships between individuals in their community. To illustrate the connections between Sunni and Shiʿi reformers and their activities in the public sphere, this chapter compares the works al-Shahrastani with those of his Sunni peer, Muhammad al-Hashimi. Al-Hashimi was a writer and a poet, a graduate of al-Azhar, where he became familiar with the teachings of Muhammad ʿAbduh. Keywords: ʿAbduh in Baghdad; al-Muqtataf in Najaf; Iraqi Afghanis; Shiʿi Hibat al-Din al-Shahrastani; Sunni Muhammad al-Hashimi","PeriodicalId":320543,"journal":{"name":"Guardians of Faith in Modern Times: ʿUlamaʾ in the Middle East","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123646957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：604180095
Book学术官方微信